The researchers note that other compounds could also be added to release drug molecules, make a robot glow
and is used already on a daily basis in colleges and universities around the world. Chesca and his colleagues are currently working on optimizing the shape
#Experimental treatment regimen effective against HIV PROTEASE inhibitors are a class of antiviral drugs that are used commonly to treat HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.
Scientists at the Univ. of Nebraska Medical center designed a new delivery system for these drugs that,
when coupled with a drug developed at the Univ. of Rochester School of medicine and Dentistry, rid immune cells of HIV and kept the virus in check for long periods.
While current HIV treatments involve pills that are taken daily, the new regimens'long-lasting effects suggest that HIV treatment could be administered perhaps once or twice per year.
Nebraska researcher Howard E. Gendelman designed the investigational drug delivery system so-called"nanoformulated"protease inhibitor.
The nanoformulation process takes a drug and makes it into a crystal, like an ice cube does to water.
Next, the crystal drug is placed into a fat and protein coat, similar to what is done in making a coated ice-cream bar.
The coating protects the drug from being degraded by the liver and removed by the kidney.
a new drug discovered in the laboratory of UR scientist Harris A.("Handy")Gelbard M d.,Ph d,
URMC-099 boosted the concentration of the nanoformulated drug in immune cells and slowed the rate at
"The chemical marriage between URMC-099 and antiretroviral drug nanoformulations could increase drug longevity, improve patient compliance,
lead study author and professor and chair of the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience at Nebraska,
whether the drugs could be administered safely together. Much to Gelbard and Gendelman's surprise, URMC-099 increased the effectiveness of the nanoformulated drug."
"Our ultimate hope is that we're able to create a therapy that could be given much less frequently than the daily therapy that is required today,
"If a drug could be given once every six months or longer that would greatly increase compliance,
because they won't have to think about taking medication every day. a
#Snake venom helps hydrogels stop the bleeding A nanofiber hydrogel infused with snake venom may be the best material to stop bleeding quickly, according to Rice Univ. scientists.
particularly for patients who take anticoagulant drugs to thin their blood. t interesting that you can take something so deadly
an anticoagulant drug. rom a clinical perspective, that far and away the most important issue here, Hartgerink said. here a lot of different things that can trigger blood coagulation,
Originally discovered as an antiviral system in bacteria, CRISPR/Cas9 is one of the hottest topics in genetic research today.
and change how different people respond to drugs. But only if the CRISPR technique is specific enough.
and how they vary between cell types, during development or in response to drug treatment."
"Current methods for controlling gene switches, including drugs used in clinical trials, change the activity of many switches across the genome simultaneously,
While some psychotic symptoms can be treated reasonably well with medication patients often still have debilitating problems with memory
but slow progress is being made toward developing a drug treatment, "said Barbara Sahakian from the department of psychiatry at Cambridge university."
demonstrates that the memory game can help where drugs have failed so far. And) because the game is interesting,
and Drug Administration has approved, for the first time a drug that uses 3d printing technology, paving the way for potential customization of drugs to suit patients'needs.
The drug, made by privately held Aprecia Pharmaceuticals Co, was approved for oral use as a prescription adjunctive therapy in the treatment of epilepsy,
the company said on Monday. Spritam uses Aprecia's"Zipdose"technology, a delivery system that creates premeasured doses
which disintegrate in the mouth with a sip of liquid. 3d printing could help companies make products"to the specifications of an individual patient rather than (take a) one-size-fits-all kind of approach,"
. UCSD Professor of Pediatrics and Pharmacy. he consequences of this event on human health are still being felt three decades later.
with a drug targeting its toxins rather than its life. C. difficile is responsible for more than 250,000 hospitalizations
By not aiming to kill the pathogen with antibiotics, scientists were able to avoid wiping out sizeable numbers of beneficial gut microbes.
the drug used has already been tested in clinical trials to treat other, unrelated conditions. So the researchers believe it could be moved rapidly into human trials for the treatment of C. difficile, as well.
The findings constitute the first-ever demonstration of a small molecule's ability to disarm C. difficile without incurring the collateral damage caused by antibiotics."
"Unlike antibiotics--which are both the front-line treatment for C. difficile infection and, paradoxically, possibly its chief cause--the drug didn't kill the bacteria,
"Bogyo said. Instead, it disabled a toxin C. difficile produces, preventing intestinal damage and inflammation and allowing the gut to be repopulated by healthy bacteria that had been decimated by earlier rounds of antibiotic treatment,
as well as by C. difficile-induced intestinal changes. Infection often recurs About one in 20 people,
chemotherapy or antibiotics that wipe out their"lawn"of beneficial intestinal microbes, C. difficile can get a foothold
the infection recurs despite antibiotic treatment. When it does succeed, antibiotics in eliminating it only 25 percent of the time.
About 7 percent of infected people die within 30 days of diagnosis. Treatments for C. difficile infection include fecal transplants,
beneficial bacteria the way antibiotics do said Bogyo. That would lay the groundwork for the"good guys"to make a comeback.
Realizing they might have a potentially effective drug on their hands, Bogyo and his colleagues brought in Sonnenburg,
After rounds of multiple antibiotics, the researchers introduced a virulent, multi-drug-resistant C. difficile strain and then began oral dosing with ebselen.
They observed a nearly complete block of inflammation and damage to colon tissue as the result of ebselen treatment.
They realized that the sugar molecule--oncofetal chondroitin sulfate--could be a target for anticancer drugs,
and attached an anticancer drug to it, it would bind with the oncofetal protein in the cancer,
delivering the drug to the tumor.""Scientists have spent decades trying to find biochemical similarities between placenta tissue and cancer,
this world-first design could be the basis of an entirely new class of batteries,
"They administer drugs which are also very fast-acting, but because it's free in the blood stream everywhere it causes side effects like bleeding
Instead, the new nanocapsule device only releases the medication in areas where a clot is growing exponentially
"The drug-loaded nanocapsule is coated with an antibody that specifically targets activated platelets, the cells that form blood clots,
releasing the clot-busting drug. We are effectively hijacking the blood clotting system to initiate the removal of the blockage in the blood vessel."
"What's really cool is that the decision was made by Genesis Energy solely on the basis of profits,
and it can spot recent drug use and whether or not the person has recently been in contact with guns and explosives.
or pilots could be tested for recent drug use. Further down the line, Arrogen is hoping to be able to use its finely tuned procedures to create full prints out of partial ones,
They discovered that a certain type of enzyme can turn glucose sugars into morphine and were able to successfully express it in a simple form of genetically engineered yeast.
And synthetic versions of THC are currently available in pill form to treat several side effects of having HIV or chemotherapy,
While impressions of staff being happier and full of energy aren exactly scientific basis for declaring 6-hour work days as'better'than the 8. 7-hour work day endured by the average American,
drugs that target the so-called IL-1/IL1RAP pathway already exist for the treatment of various inflammatory conditions,
In addition to Tu's malaria drug, Artemisinin, China has pioneered also development of solar and wind technology, and is working on trains that will reach 500 km h.
"The fact that research grants and promotions are awarded on the basis of the number of articles published, not on the quality of the original research...
The next step is to apply the findings to research that is already investigating how new drugs could inhibit PRC2 enzyme activity According to Liu,
researchers are looking at the potential of such drugs as a treatment for several types of lymphoma."
and we believe our work will shed light on these and other studies in drug development by offering insights into how PRC2 works at the atomic level,
#Future antibiotic-making kit for amateurs? Kit could one day Be led by widely available Professor Jeffrey Bode of the Institute of Transformative Biomolecules at Nagoya University in Japan,
and safely to discover novel antibiotics. Microorganisms can synthesise mixtures of complex organic molecules, such as antibiotics, from simple organic building blocks by fermentation.
Inspired by this approach, Professor Bode and his colleagues found that they could make large mixtures of biologically active compounds from a few chemical ingredients in just a few hours,
and identify new antibacterial or antifungal molecules to treat plant diseases.""By combining a handful of molecules in a variety of ways,
Current treatments include medications and electrical implants in the brain which causes severe adverse effects over time
the researchers tested for the first time to pre-treat undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem cells with mitomycin C a drug already prescribed to treat cancer.
"This simple strategy of shortly exposing pluripotent stem cells to an anticancer drug turned the transplant safer,
Originally discovered as a natural antiviral system in bacteria, researchers have hijacked the system over the past few years
and how it relates to disease or response to drug therapies.""Gersbach added, "Not only can you start to answer those questions,
#Alternating antibiotics could make resistant bacteria beatable Researchers from the University of Exeter has shown that the use of'sequential treatments'--using alternating doses of antibiotics--might offer effective treatment against bacterial infection.
Crucially, the research also demonstrates this technique for administering treatment also reduces the risk of the bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics,
and so maintaining the long-term effectiveness of the drugs. The collaborative international research, led by Professor Robert Beardmore from the University of Exeter
The research indicates that drug treatments with two antibiotics can be designed to kill bacteria at dosages that would ordinarily cause rapid development of drug resistance and sustained bacterial growth,
sequential treatments could deal with the bacteria, even when much higher doses of single drugs or mixtures of two drugs failed to do so."
bacterial population densities and drug resistance,"said lead author, Professor Beardmore.""As we demonstrate, it is possible to reduce bacterial load to zero at dosages that are said usually to be sub lethal and,
therefore, are assumed to select for increased drug resistance.""The researchers also discovered that, although sequential treatments didn't suppress the rise of all drug resistance mutations in the bacteria,
one drug would'sensitize'the bacteria to the second drug, and therefore reduce the risk of resistance occurring.
Study co-author Dr Ayari Fuentes-Hernandez said:""Research has concentrated for decades on synergistic drug cocktails.
We believe'sequential synergies'might be just as potent if we look for them, this research will
therefore be of interest to the pharma and dwindling antibiotic discovery communities.""While bacteria are masters at adapting to antibiotic challenge,
this research suggests that there is a way to use this adaptation against them. The fluctuating environments created by well-designed sequential treatments can sensitize bacteria
and render them susceptible to concentrations of antibiotics that would normally induce drug resistance and continued existence.
when using drug doses below their maximal potency. She said:""One outcome of this highly surprising result will be to set in motion a series of studies to determine ways of using antibiotics not only in combination,
but sequentially and with the potential for lower dosages than is thought currently possible
#Biologists identify brain tumor weakness The study, led by researchers from the Whitehead Institute and MIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, found that a subset of glioblastoma tumor cells is dependent on a particular enzyme that breaks down the amino acid glycine.
who are now seeking potential drug compounds that could do just that t
#Study on new treatment for prostate cancer Published in The british Journal of Cancer (BJC), the study is the first time low temperature plasmas (LTPS) have been applied on cells grown directly from patient tissue samples.
"The new information learned from these types of studies could assist in identifying pathogen targets for drug development,
can also be tested for drug discovery using our strategy.""The research team evaluated about 6,
000 compounds from both the KU Chemical Methodologies and Library Development Center and the Food and Drug Administration in a process known as"High Throughput Screening,"hunting for compounds that obstruct Hur's interface with healthy
and could help scientists design more effective drugs to counteract cancer's hallmark trait, uncontrolled cellular growth."
Learning the specific genetic cause of symptoms is a key step in finding new therapeutic drugs that could treat the patient's disease.
belongs to a group of light-sensitive proteins that have become the basis of the research field of optogenetics.
The development of a drug based on this discovery is a possibility, although not a certainty,
and the road to such a drug is long and far from simple
#Researchers test smartphones for earthquake warning The study, led by scientists at the U s. Geological Survey
and could provide a potential new drug target for prostate cancer, "Franceschi said.""It could also be a potential biomarker to discriminate between fast and slow growing tumors."
or for transporting lethal drugs into the cancer cells. Since the protein is not found in all of the cells of our body,
The findings from the University of Chicago and the Massachusetts institute of technology could bolster efforts to develop the next generation of antiviral treatments.
This feature also helps them become resistant to antiviral drugs. But scientists have developed therapeutic antiviral agents for HIV
Hepatitis C, and influenza using a strategy called lethal mutagenesis. This strategy seeks to extinguish viruses by forcing their already high mutation rates above an intolerable threshold.
But together their research teams were able to fruitfully undertake one of the first 2d infrared spectroscopic studies of the therapeutic mechanism of an antiviral drug."
including biodegradable plastics, pharmaceutical drugs and even liquid fuels. Scientists with the U s. Department of energy (DOE)' s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley have created a hybrid system of semiconducting nanowires and bacteria
The yields of target chemical molecules produced from the acetate were also encouraging--as high as 26-percent for butanol, a fuel comparable to gasoline, 25-percent for amorphadiene, a precursor to the antimaleria drug artemisinin,
#Electronic micropump to deliver treatments deep within the brain Drugs constitute the most widely used approach for treating brain disorders.
However, many promising drugs failed during clinical testing for several reasons: Epilepsy is a typical example of a condition for
which many drugs could not be commercialised because of their harmful effects, when they might have been effective for treating patients resistant to conventional treatments.
whether these are ions or drugs. When an electrical current is applied to it, the flow of electrons generated projects the molecules of interest toward the target area.
in order to activate the pump to inject the drug at just the right moment. It may therefore be possible to control brain activity where
In addition to epilepsy, this state-of-the-art technology, combined with existing drugs, offers new opportunities for many brain diseases that remain difficult to treat at this time e
They also added two other drugs that temporarily inhibited key biochemical pathways associated with the pluripotent state of the stem cells.
who led the research from the Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, based within Queen Mary University of London William Harvey Research Institute,
and far longer progression-free survival than giving one of those drugs alone, new research shows.
and far longer progression-free survival than giving one of those drugs alone. Further the combination was effective in the portion of melanoma patients--the majority--who currently have few effective treatment options.
Both drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. The Phase 2, double-blind trial enrolled 142 patients with advanced melanoma who had received not prior therapy.
#Drugs stimulate body's own stem cells to replace the brain cells lost in multiple sclerosis Led by researchers at Case Western Reserve,
a multi-institutional team used a new discovery approach to identify drugs that could activate mouse
The two most potent drugs--one that currently treats athlete's foot, and the other, eczema--were capable of stimulating the regeneration of damaged brain cells
"Our approach was to find drugs that could catalyze the body's own stem cells to replace the cells lost in multiple sclerosis."
and less invasive approach by using drugs to activate native stem cells already in the adult nervous system
Scientists still must find ways to transform the topical medications for internal use and determine their long-term efficacy and potential side effects.
federally approved drugs enhances the likelihood that the compounds can be made safe for human use.
Tesar and his colleagues could zero in on the two catalyzing medications only because of a breakthrough that his laboratory achieved in 2011.
they could begin to test different existing drug formulations to determine which, if any, induced the OPCS to form new myelinating cells.
the investigators quantified the effects of 727 previously known drugs, all of which have a history of use in patients, on OPCS in the laboratory.
The most promising medications fell into two specific chemical classes. From there the researchers found that miconazole
Miconazole is found in an array of over-the-counter antifungal lotions and powders, including those to treat athlete's foot.
both drugs prompted native OPCS to regenerate new myelin.""It was a striking reversal of disease severity in the mice,
"The drugs that we identified are able to enhance the regenerative capacity of stem cells in the adult nervous system.
"While the drugs proved to have extraordinary effects on mice, their impact on human patients will not be known fully until actual clinical trials.
in addition to the tests with animal cells, they also tested the drugs on human stem cells
--and saw the medication prompt a similar response as seen in the mouse cells. Both medications worked well,
with miconazole demonstrating the more potent effects.""We have pioneered technologies that enable us to generate both mouse
if these drugs could also stimulate human OPCS to generate new myelinating cells.""Tesar, who recently received the 2015 International Society for Stem Cell Research Outstanding Young Investigator Award,
said investigators next will work to deepen their understanding of the mechanism by which these drugs act.
researchers will modify the drugs to increase their effectiveness in people. The team is optimized enthusiastic that versions of these two drugs can be advanced to clinical testing for multiple sclerosis in the future,
but Tesar emphasized the danger of trying to use current versions for systemic human administration."
or their families feel they cannot wait for the development of specific approved medications, "Tesar said,
"but off-label use of the current forms of these drugs is more likely to increase other health concerns than alleviate multiple sclerosis symptoms.
We are working tirelessly to ready a safe and effective drug for clinical use.""While multiple sclerosis is the initial focus for translating this research into the clinic,
Any drugs developed that enhance myelination in multiple sclerosis also hold promise for benefiting these other disorders."
"The approach from Case Western Reserve University combines cutting-edge stem cell and drug screening technologies to develop new chemical therapeutics for myelin disorders,
and associate professor of medicine and pharmacology at Robert Wood Johnson Medical school l
#Natural reparative capacity of teeth elucidated These results are published in the journal Stem Cells. The tooth is a mineralised organ, implanted in the mouth by a root.
the researchers from Inserm and Paris Descartes University at Unit 1124,"Toxicology, Pharmacology and Cellular Signaling,"have succeeded in extracting
#Researchers discover new drugs to combat the root cause of multiple sclerosis At the pathological level,
These two drugs, miconazole and clobetasol, were found to treat the source of the problem by reversing this process,
and associate professor in the Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences at the Case Western Reserve School of medicine, found seven drugs that enhance generation of mature oligodendrocytes
Miconazole was found to function directly as a remyelinating drug with no effect on the immune system,
whereas clobetasol was found to be a potent immunosuppressant, as well as a remyelinating agent.""To replace damaged cells,
and less invasive approach by using drugs to activate native stem cells already in the adult nervous system
""Drug-based modulation of endogenous stem cells promotes functional remyelination in vivo, "was published in Nature on April 20 0
"said Dr. Mark Murray, president and CEO of Tekmira Pharmaceuticals. The Tekmira sirna-based therapeutic is now being evaluated in Ebola-infected patients in Sierra leone e
The surfaces could also be used to test drugs in the lab, Wong says, or perhaps as biomimetic surfaces for implantable tissue scaffolds or neural implants.
He adds that it could potentially be improved for applications in the monitoring of explosives or drugs.
or baggage for drugs or explosives it is useful for the terahertz radiation to be as'broadband'as possible,"
but also for drug use and development: Causal or target genes may be identified better for treatment, and previously unexpected drug interactions and disruptions may be anticipated."
"Biomedical researchers can use these networks and the pathways that they uncover to understand drug action and side effects in the context of specific disease-relevant tissues,
and to repurpose drugs,"Troyanskaya says.""These networks can also be useful for understanding how various therapies work and to help with developing new therapies."
"The researchers have created also an online resource so that other scientists may use Netwas and access the tissue-specific networks.
Other key collaborators on this study were Emanuela Ricciotti, Garret A. Fitzgerald and Tilo Grosser of the pharmacology department and the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics at the Perelman School of medicine, University of Pennsylvania;
The modeling of these arrangements could inform the cluster's use as a transporter of pharmaceutical drugs
could allow biomedical engineers to identify appropriate binding sites for drugs used to treat cancer and other diseases.
and other bacteria antibiotic resistance that is about 14,000 base pairs long. The smartphone microscope demonstrated a significant drop in accuracy for 5, 000 base-pair or shorter segments,
Ozcan's group next plans to test their device in the field to detect the presence of malaria-related drug resistance e
If cells are exposed to a drug called etoposide, SIRT1 ubiquitination blocks cell death. However, if cells are exposed to oxidative stress,
potentially leading to more effective therapeutic drugs in the future.""SIRT1 is known to be expressed abnormally in a variety of cancers
or gallium arsenide--the basis of modern electronics--but Cornell scientists are pushing the limits for how thin they can go.
what's the best way of getting her drug-packed exosomes to the brain? It looks like a simple nasal spray will do the trick,
say Elena Batrakova and her colleagues at the UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy's Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery.
Getting drugs into the brain is extremely difficult in general because it is protected and isolated from the rest of the body by the blood-brain barrier,
Batrakova and her team at the pharmacy school harvested exosomes from macrophages, white blood cells that are responsible for clearing foreign material from the body.
"Traditional drugs--from cold medicine to chemotherapy--are composed of small molecules of a few dozen atoms, typically.
Proteins such as catalase are tens of thousands of times larger than the small molecules that make up traditional drugs.
Since 2010, the FDA has approved vaccines and other immunotherapy drugs for melanoma, prostate cancer, and lung cancer.
a professor of medical pharmacology and physiology at the MU School of medicine and lead author of the study."
The second method involved using drugs that block the activity of arginase. Although both approaches restored nitric oxide production and reversed hypertension in obese rats, the use of arginase-inhibiting drugs may be a better solution."
"Blocking arginase activity offers a more specific approach in treating hypertension, because you are directly targeting the underlying biochemical defect in obesity,
and used as a nutritional supplement or medication. However, a dietary approach using L-arginine may not be the best treatment option.
The absorption of X-rays--the basis for standard CT--is only one way to create contrast.
#Bacteria research opens way for new antibiotics University of Adelaide researchers have discovered a target for the development of completely new antibiotics against disease-causing bacteria.
'including those that have developed resistance to a broad range of antibiotics. The PATR was shown to be integral in the transport of the virulence factors to the surface of the bacterial cell,
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