which formed the basis for the findings.""We see a change as inevitable. Breast tomosynthesis will be introduced,
The antiparasitic drug ivermectin, or IVM, can be used to treat these diseases, but mass public health campaigns to administer the medication have been stalled because of potentially fatal side effects for patients co-infected with Loa loa,
which causes loiasis, or African eye worm. When there are high circulating levels of microscopic Loa loa worms in a patient,
A new study demonstrates for the first time that an antimicrobial dye activated by light avidly adheres to bone to prevent bacteria from growing on bone fragments used in reconstructive surgery
and appear to have excellent antimicrobial properties in the presence of light, "says Noreen Hickok, Ph d.,Associate professor of Orthopedic Surgery at Thomas Jefferson University."
#3d'organoids'grown from patient tumors could personalize drug screening Three-dimensional cultures (or'organoids')derived from the tumors of cancer patients closely replicate key properties of the original tumors,
These'organoid'cultures are amenable to large-scale drug screens for the detection of genetic changes associated with drug sensitivity
As a result, it has been challenging to predict the drug sensitivity of individual patients based on their unique spectrum of genetic mutations.
To link drug sensitivity to genetic changes, the researchers next screened the responses of the organoids to 83 experimental and approved cancer drugs.
the organoids displayed a range of sensitivities to the drugs. In validation of the approach, the researchers identified previously reported associations between specific mutations and resistance to particular drugs.
The organoids also revealed a novel gene-drug association, indicating that the subset of cancer patients with RNF43 mutations would strongly benefit from a drug that inhibits a protein called porcupine."
"At some point in the future, this approach may be suitable for modeling individual patient response to cancer therapies to inform clinical treatment,
"Garnett says. Moving forward, the researchers plan to expand the panel of existing colon organoids as well as develop an organoid biobank for other tumor types."
#Viagra to prevent transmission of the malaria parasite? By increasing the stiffness of erythrocytes infected by the causal agent of malaria,
Viagra favors their elimination from the blood circulation and may therefore reduce transmission of the parasite from humans to mosquitoes.
better known under its brand name of Viagra. The authors showed that this agent, used at a standard dose, had the potential to increase the stiffness of sexual forms of the parasite
Modifying the active substance in Viagra to block its erectile effect or testing similar agents devoid of this adverse effect, could indeed result in a treatment to prevent transmission of the parasite from humans to mosquitoes e
3-D printed'tissue'to help combat disease A bench-top brain that accurately reflects actual brain tissue would be significant for researching not only the effect of drugs,
Pharmaceutical companies spend millions of dollars testing therapeutic drugs on animals only to discover in human trials that the drug has an altogether different level of effectiveness.
We're not sure why, but the human brain differs distinctly from that of an animal.
A bench-top brain that accurately reflects actual brain tissue would be significant for researching not only the effect of drugs,
in addition to providing an experimental test bed for new drugs and electroceuticals.""We are still a long way from printing a brain
but also for more common problems involving maladaptive daily decisions about drug or alcohol use, gambling or credit card binges.
by developing an objective coding system to identify different individual facial expressions on the basis of underlying muscle movement.
#Scientists determine how antibiotic gains cancer-killing sulfur atoms In a discovery with implications for future drug design,
scientists have shown an unprecedented mechanism for how a natural antibiotic with antitumor properties incorporates sulfur into its molecular structure, an essential ingredient of its antitumor activity.
that include many drugs such as erythromycin (antibacterial) and lovastatin (cholesterol lowering).""Sulfur is critical not only to human life,
one of the co-first authors of the study and a member of the Shen lab."Since polyketide synthases are a large family of enzymes that have been proven amenable for polyketide structural diversity and drug discovery,
"says Hubbard, an assistant professor of pharmacology in the University of Alberta's Faculty of medicine & Dentistry."
"Whereas traditional pharmaceutical drugs have a transient effect, gene editing could possibly provide a permanent cure for a lot of different diseases,
The collaborating team of international scientists found that group A streptococcus was an excellent model organism to study the molecular basis of epidemic bacterial infections.
and antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumonia or Escherichia coli i
#Device may detect urinary tract infections faster Sepsis is a major killer and accounts for about half of the hospital deaths in the US by some estimates.
so that they can prescribe the appropriate medication and treatment.""Our pilot study brings us a step closer toward realizing this vision,
"The next step will involve implementing antibiotic susceptibility testing and automating the sample pre-treatment steps,
In addition to scientists from the ZMBH, DKFZ and HITS, researchers from the Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology in Berlin, the Northwestern University in Illinois (USA) and The swiss Federal Institute of technology in Zurich (Switzerland) also participated in the work k
It's a major step forward in creating a quantum computer to solve problems such as designing new drugs
The technique should speed the development of drug and diagnostic compounds that would not have been possible otherwise--including powerful hormone-based therapies."
However, the hormone has drawn renewed interest in recent years as a possible basis for treating obesity--in conjunction with leptin-sensitizing compounds--and also diabetes.
we are talking about 88 million pills; an ecological damage is avoided with the new process."
with antihypertensive properties and is proven to help reduce levels of glucose in the blood;
and in particular the microencapsulated presentation, is antidiabetic by reducing the levels of sugar in the blood,
The most commonly used tranquilizing drug, benzodiazepine, activates GABA receptors in our brains. There are two kinds of GABA receptors.
a drug that stimulates extra-synaptic GABA receptors.""It's like we got them a little inebriated,
However, when scientists put the mice back on the drug and returned them to the box,
"This establishes when the mice were returned to the same brain state created by the drug,
when the extra-synaptic GABA receptors were activated with the drug, they changed the way the stressful event was encoded.
In the drug-induced state, the brain used completely different molecular pathways and neuronal circuits to store the memory."
The drug rerouted the processing of stress-related memories within the brain circuits so that they couldn't be accessed consciously d
exciting advance that may open up possibilities for targeting new drugs to control neurotransmitter release. Many mental disorders, including depression, schizophrenia and anxiety,
better drugs for autoimmune conditions and new ways to expedite recovery from sepsis. The research
"Transplant patients go on immunosuppressants for the rest of their lives, but if we could safely induce paralysis just prior to surgery,
and Drug Administration, is the first and only recapturable and repositionable device commercially available in the United states. It sets a new standard for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in the United states. J. Michael Tuchek,
After the device was approved by the U s. Food and Drug Administration, Loyola became the first Illinois center to offer it outside of a clinical trial.
The materials that pharmaceutical companies use to test drugs'effects on cells don't allow for three-dimensional vascularization, a network of capillaries that carry drugs and other materials throughout the body.
but also aid in drug screening.""The microenvironment actually has a significant effect on how the cells respond to a drug,
"Grolman said.""These companies might have the next big drug, but they might not know it.""
""The long-term vision would be: A patient goes in and finds out they've been diagnosed with some sort of solid tumor,
Unfortunately, although the mathematical basis for this method--known as squeezing of resonance fluorescence--was drawn up in 1981,
said Zev Gartner, Phd, the paper's senior author and an associate professor of pharmaceutical chemistry at UCSF."
and building a model of their tissue to use as a personalized drug screening platform.
and do not respond to the drugs or deep brain stimulation used for Parkinson's symptoms.
This multi-device approach, much like multi-drug therapy, may ultimately benefit patients with impaired mobility in a wide variety of rehabilitation settings."
the administering of unnecessary malaria medications as a result of misdiagnoses can results in new, drug-resistant strains of the disease in addition to increasing costs for malaria medications, Coté notes.
Coté's solution takes advantage of existing mobile phone technology and networks--something to which a whopping 75 percent of the world has access.
Arraythe team discovered that giving the animals volatile anesthetics, such as halothane, led to decreased bacterial burden and lung injury following infection.
The researchers report that the anesthetics augmented the antibacterial immune response after influenza viral infection by blocking chemical signaling that involves type I interferon
as if the animals were infected never with a prior influenza virus. Array"Our study is giving us more information about how volatile anesthetics work with respect to the immune system,
"Given that these drugs are the most common anesthetics used in the operating room, "there is a serious need to understand how they work
suggest that volatile anesthetics may someday be helpful for combatting seasonal and pandemic influenza, particularly when there are flu vaccine shortages or limitations."
"A therapy based on these inhaled drugs may help deal with new viral and bacterial strains that are resistant to conventional vaccines
"We hope our study opens the door to the development of new drugs and therapies that could change the infectious disease landscape."
"The investigators say they are currently testing an oral small molecule immune modulator in phase 2 clinical trials that acts like volatile anesthetics to help reduce secondary infections after someone becomes sick with the flu u
"Simultaneously employing different drugs to target different cancer subclasses could prevent remission, scientists have proposed. One powerful single-cell analytic technique for exploring CNV is whole genome sequencing.
Targeting pathogens and parasites with medicines like antibiotics, or dealing with the conditions that allow transmission.
and used drugs to block their ability to transport potassium. Blocking potassium efflux created cells that were resistant to E. histolytica."
"There is a clear need for new drugs targeting E. histolytica, "Petri says.""Right now there is a single antibiotic that works against this parasite.
We know that eventually the parasite will develop resistance to the antibiotic and at that point there's no plan B. This could be the plan B--targeting the human genes that enable the parasite to cause disease."
"Marie is pushing forward. She recently learned from a mentor at John's Hopkins how to isolate stem cells from human tissue to grow
#Pancreatic cancer subtypes discovered in largest gene expression analysis of the disease to date Dense surrounding tissue can block drugs from reaching pancreatic cancer tumors,
in addition to her role in the Department of Surgery, also has an appointment in the UNC School of medicine Pharmacology Department."
and other sources of aggression,"says Mathieu Nadeau-Vallée, a Ph d. candidate in pharmacology and the first author of the paper."
four undergraduates and their faculty advisors only four years--a blink of an eye in pharmaceutical terms--to scour a collection of 10,000 bacterial strains
Each of these products is a potential new drug. One of them has already been identified as an antibiotic.
The researchers report their findings in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Phosphonates are an abundant and diverse class of natural signaling molecules that have already proved useful to medicine and agriculture
because we know they are predisposed strongly to have biological activity--antibiotic activity, antiviral activity, herbicidal activity,
Naturally produced phosphonates have great pharmaceutical potential, the researchers said.""Of the 20 previously known natural-product phosphonates,
two are used commercially--one as a clinical antibiotic and one as an herbicide--and another one is now in clinical trials to treat malaria,
"This 15 percent drug-development success rate is much higher than the 0. 1 percent average estimated for natural products as a whole."
if this approach could actually be performed feasibly on a scale that is relevant to pharmaceutical discovery."
including those with antibiotic properties and others with previously unknown structures, "Ju said.""In other words, we have doubled essentially the inventory of phosphonate natural products identified to date."
The researchers describe the new findings as a proof of concept that genome mining can be used on a scale that will speed the process of drug discovery,
which are among the most promising new drug leads.""These biologically produced small molecules have been the source of,
Natural products also are needed a much source of new antibiotics.""To this day, natural products make up 75 percent of all of our antibiotics--either the natural products themselves or derivatives thereof,
"van der Donk said.""Our study shows that genome mining is not only a viable route to new natural products,
#New drug-like compounds may improve odds of men battling prostate cancer, researchers find Researchers at Southern Methodist University,
Dallas, have discovered three new drug-like compounds that could ultimately offer better odds of survival to prostate cancer patients.
The drug-like compounds can be modified and developed into medicines that target a protein in the human body that is responsible for chemotherapy resistance in cancers,
So far there's no approved drug on the market that reverses cancer chemotherapy resistance caused by P-glycoprotein
One potential drug, Tariquidar, is currently in clinical trials, but in the past, other potential drugs have failed at that stage."
"The problem when a person has cancer is that the treatment itself is composed of cellular toxins--the chemotherapeutics that prevent the cells from dividing.
who is director of SMU's Center for Drug Discovery, Design, and Delivery.""Sometimes, however, the cancer returns,"she said."
"As a result, P-gp causes resistance of the diseased cells to a majority of drugs currently available for the treatment of cancer,
as well as drugs used for treatment of infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS. Using computer-generated model speeds up the drug discovery process The new drug-like compounds discovered by Vogel
and her co-authors offer hope that using a computer-generated P-gp model, explained here http://bit. ly/1lvmr7a,
chemical and biological functions of the protein in the human body, will speed up the drug discovery process
so that's a pretty good predictor that they may be good candidates for drug development. But we need to do much more work."
"A pharmaceutical hit compound, like those discovered by Vogel and her co-authors, is a compound that is a promising candidate for chemical modification
so it can eventually be delivered to patients as a therapeutic drug. In the case reported here,
The timeline from drug discovery to development to clinical trials and approval can take a decade or more.
and doctoral candidates Courtney A. Follit and Frances K. Brewer, reported their findings in the journal Pharmacology Research & Perspectives.
Researchers virtually screened 15 million drug-like compounds via SMU supercomputer The SMU researchers discovered the three hit compounds after virtually screening more than 15 million small drug-like compounds made publically available
in digital form from the pharmacology database Zinc at the University of California, San francisco. Using SMU's Maneframe high performance computer,
including interactions with drug-like compounds while taking on different shapes. The ultra-high throughput computational searches by Maneframe led the researchers to 300 compounds that looked like they may inhibit P-gp.
Also, each was tested on a companion cell line already multi-drug resistant, as if the patient already had undergone chemotherapy using Paclitaxel.
#New drug-like compounds may improve odds of men battling prostate cancer, researchers find Researchers at Southern Methodist University,
Dallas, have discovered three new drug-like compounds that could ultimately offer better odds of survival to prostate cancer patients.
The drug-like compounds can be modified and developed into medicines that target a protein in the human body that is responsible for chemotherapy resistance in cancers,
So far there's no approved drug on the market that reverses cancer chemotherapy resistance caused by P-glycoprotein
One potential drug, Tariquidar, is currently in clinical trials, but in the past, other potential drugs have failed at that stage."
"The problem when a person has cancer is that the treatment itself is composed of cellular toxins--the chemotherapeutics that prevent the cells from dividing.
who is director of SMU's Center for Drug Discovery, Design, and Delivery.""Sometimes, however, the cancer returns,"she said."
"As a result, P-gp causes resistance of the diseased cells to a majority of drugs currently available for the treatment of cancer,
as well as drugs used for treatment of infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS. Using computer-generated model speeds up the drug discovery process The new drug-like compounds discovered by Vogel
and her co-authors offer hope that using a computer-generated P-gp model, explained here http://bit. ly/1lvmr7a,
chemical and biological functions of the protein in the human body, will speed up the drug discovery process
so that's a pretty good predictor that they may be good candidates for drug development. But we need to do much more work."
"A pharmaceutical hit compound, like those discovered by Vogel and her co-authors, is a compound that is a promising candidate for chemical modification
so it can eventually be delivered to patients as a therapeutic drug. In the case reported here,
The timeline from drug discovery to development to clinical trials and approval can take a decade or more.
and doctoral candidates Courtney A. Follit and Frances K. Brewer, reported their findings in the journal Pharmacology Research & Perspectives.
Researchers virtually screened 15 million drug-like compounds via SMU supercomputer The SMU researchers discovered the three hit compounds after virtually screening more than 15 million small drug-like compounds made publically available
in digital form from the pharmacology database Zinc at the University of California, San francisco. Using SMU's Maneframe high performance computer,
including interactions with drug-like compounds while taking on different shapes. The ultra-high throughput computational searches by Maneframe led the researchers to 300 compounds that looked like they may inhibit P-gp.
Also, each was tested on a companion cell line already multi-drug resistant, as if the patient already had undergone chemotherapy using Paclitaxel.
#Researchers work to improve antibiotic effectiveness Virginia Tech researchers have discovered a new group of antibiotics that may provide relief to some of the more than 2 million people in the United states affected by antibiotic resistance.
The new antibiotics target the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, or staph, and the antibiotic resistant strains commonly known as MRSA, short for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
In 2013, invasive MRSA infections were estimated responsible for an 9, 937 deaths in the U s. Although current infection rates are declining, the majority of these deaths, about 8,
shows that the potential new antibiotics are unlike contemporary antibiotics because they contain iridium, a silvery-white transition metal.
which is important for delivery of antibiotics to where they are needed to fight infections in the body.
"Researchers showed the antibiotics effectively kill the bacteria without inhibiting mammalian cells. A version of the antibiotic was tested for toxicity in mice with no ill effects."
"We are still at the beginning of developing and testing these antibiotics but, so far, our preliminary results show a new group of antibiotics that are effective and safe,
"said Joseph Falkinham, a professor of microbiology in the College of Science and an affiliate of the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery."
"Within the next few years, we hope to identify various characteristics of these antibiotics, such as their stability, their distribution and concentration in animal tissue, their penetration into white blood cells,
and their metabolism in animals.""The team is currently testing the compounds in human cell lines and so far,
the cells have remained normal and healthy. This discovery comes at a time when antibiotic resistance is a significant health concern all over the world, for people and for livestock.
Last September, the U s. federal government issued an executive order to combat the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria,
stating that it"represents a serious threat to public health and the economy.""In March, a National Action Plan outlined critical next steps for key federal agencies and departments.
antibiotic resistance is a problem that adds around $20 billion annually to health care costs in the U s."The biggest question scientists have to ask to tackle antibiotic resistance is,
Fortunately, these new organometallic antibiotics are coming at a time when bacteria have not evolved to resist them,
who is also an affiliate of the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery. In both the U s. and Europe, the spread of MRSA is a major threat to people in hospitals and other health care facilities.
it is possible that EVLP could be used to deliver drugs before the lung is implanted so that the patient's immune system does not recognise the transplanted organ as harmful."
and provides a fresh perspective on the etiology of Alzheimer's disease that could inform novel drug strategies,
so this opens up a brand new pathway to pursue in developing drugs to block the disease,"Dr. Richards,
The research team discovered a new gene involved in muscle wasting that could be a good target for drug development.
The tiny particles can be bound to compounds ranging from calcium tooth building materials to antimicrobials that prevent infection.
and antibacterial compounds to protect them. All we needed to do was find the right way of coating them to get them to their target.
The team that conducted the study now forms the basis of the University's Network for Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Prevention (NAMRIP) Strategic Research Group,
a leading journal in the field of developmental biology, open up new avenues for design of drugs for ataxia, a motor coordination disorder.
a journal in the field of developmental biology, open up new avenues for design of drugs for ataxia, a motor coordination disorder.
This enzyme activates a harmless drug precursor called CB 1954, which the researchers added to the petri dish where the cells were growing.
#Silicone vaginal rings deliver antiviral drugs, protect women against HIV Researchers at University Jean Monnet of Saint-Etienne,
This research is presented at the 55th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC/ICC."
which allowed the drugs to be released from their reservoirs. Vaginal rings with multiple reservoirs present a promising way for preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIS) and notably HIV infection in young women with high risk of exposure.
Some of the rings presented in this study were shown to release concentrations of drugs between 1. 5 and 3. 5 mg/day for acyclovir and 3 to 5 mg/day for tenofovir for as long as 50 days,
These preliminary results demonstrate the ability of silicone rings to continuously deliver hydrophilic antiviral drugs for a long period of time at a concentration that would be effective for neutralizing the viruses present in semen.
but was capable of delivering multiple active antiviral molecules against various STIS including HIV for a long duration,
"Because X-ray crystallography doesn't reveal the structure of a material on a per-atom basis,
For Swartz and his principal collaborator, Yuan Lu, now a pharmacology researcher at the University of Tokyo, the result is a vindication.
"Massachusetts institute of technology Professor Robert Langer, a leader in targeted drug delivery research who was connected not to the Stanford experiments,
"Targeted drug delivery is one of the ultimate goals of medicine because it seeks to focus remedies on diseased cells,
The discovery provides a new platform for drug delivery systems and an entirely different view of cellular functions.
Chilkoti's lab has designed self-assembling proteins for drug delivery systems for several years. Simply by adding heat
and when drugs are released inside the body through non-temperature-related mechanisms such as changes in acidity levels.
however, drugs could be encapsulated in protein cages that accumulate inside of a tumor and dissolve once heated.
Not only would this provide a more accurate way of delivering drugs, but the cages themselves could be used therapeutically."
#Two-drug combination shows promise against one type of pancreatic cancer One form of pancreatic cancer has a new enemy:
a two-drug combination discovered by UF Health researchers that inhibits tumors and kills cancer cells in mouse models.
They also found that pairing a synthetic compound with an existing drug provides a more effective anticancer punch than a single drug.
the most commonly used pharmaceutical, François said. Neuroendocrine tumors, which form in the hormone-making islet cells,
we looking for drug combinations that would increase efficacy, "he said. Among the substances they tested was a synthetic, small-molecule compound known as PF-04554787.
It did, with the two-drug combination killing off pancreatic cancer cells more effectively than everolimus alone.
In testing on two mouse cell lines, the drug combination reduced the viability of cancer cells by about 50 percent
That an existing drug can be made more effective is especially encouraging because the synthetic compound that was paired with everolimus is already undergoing human clinical trials,
"This is important because we're focused on everolimus, a drug that is already approved, nontoxic and given to patients.
Next, researchers would like to study how the two-drug approach works in humans, although no clinical trials have yet been designed or scheduled h
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