and better at sniffing out explosives, deadly gases and illegal drugs. A carbon nanotube is a cylindrical material that is a hexagonal
#An unlikely use for diamonds Tiny diamonds are providing scientists with new possibilities for accurate measurements of processes inside living cells with potential to improve drug delivery and cancer therapeutics.
and because of their low toxicity they can be used as a carrier to transport drugs inside cells.
"This new imaging modality opens the exciting prospect of following complex cellular trafficking pathways quantitatively with important applications in drug delivery.
and to demonstrate a specific application in drug delivery
#Tracking heat-driven decay in leading electric vehicle batteries Rechargeable electric vehicles are one of the greatest tools against rising pollution and carbon emissions and their widespread adoption hinges on battery performance.
while minimizing the drug's adverse effects. The research was led by Jean-François Masson and Joelle Pelletier of the university's Department of chemistry.
hence the importance of closely monitoring the drug's concentration in the serum of treated individuals to adjust the dosage,
Until now, monitoring has been done in hospitals with a device using fluorescent bioassays to measure light polarization produced by a drug sample."
The detected colour reflects the exact concentration of the drug in the blood sample. In the course of their research
And the colour of the light detected reflects the exact concentration of the drug in the blood sample.
#Nanoparticle research could enhance drug delivery through skin Scientists at the University of Southampton have identified key characteristics that enhance a nanoparticle's ability to penetrate skin in a milestone study which could have major implications for the delivery of drugs.
and drugs delivered using them as a platform can be concentrated more targeted and efficient than those delivered through traditional means.
Our interest is focused now on incorporating these findings into the design of new nanotechnological drugs for transdermal therapy says Dr Kanaras.
#Drug-infused nanoparticle is right for sore eyes For the millions of sufferers of dry eye syndrome their only recourse to easing the painful condition is to use drug-laced eye drops three times a day.
The eye drops progressively deliver the right amount of drug-infused nanoparticles to the surface of the eyeball over a period of five days before the body absorbs them.
The nanoparticles about 1/1000th the width of a human hair stick harmlessly to the eye's surface and use only five per cent of the drug normally required.
Currently patients must frequently apply the medicine three times a day because of the eye's ability to self-cleanse a process that washes away 95 per cent of the drug.
if we focused on infusing biocompatible nanoparticles with Cyclosporine A the drug in the eye drops
And many drugs work by targeting specific membrane proteins.""Currently, scientists only know the structure of a small handful of membrane proteins.
Our research paves the way to understand the structure of the thousands of different types of membrane proteins to allow the development of many new drugs
#Targeted nanoparticles that combine imaging with two different therapies could attack cancer other conditions Nanosystems that are'theranostic'they combine both therapeutic and diagnostic functions present an exciting new opportunity for delivering drugs
and chemotherapy with triggered drug release through one light switch explains Liu emphasizing the significance of the system.
#Researchers develop green tea-based'missiles'to kill cancer cells more effectively Green tea has long been known for its antioxidant, anticancer, antiaging and antimicrobial properties.
A group of researchers from the Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (IBN) of A*STAR has taken the health benefits of green tea to the next level by using one of its ingredients to develop a drug delivery system
and deliver drugs to cancer cells. Our green tea nanocarrier not only delivered protein drugs more effectively to the cancer cells,
the combination of carrier and drug also dramatically reduced tumor growth compared with the drug alone.
This is an exciting breakthrough in nanomedicine said IBN Executive director Professor Jackie Y. Ying. A key challenge in chemotherapy is ensuring that the drugs are delivered only to the tumor
in order to avoid harming the surrounding healthy tissues and organs. To address this researchers have focused their efforts on developing more effective drug carriers.
When injected into the body these carriers act like homing missiles traveling through the body to zoom in on the target cells where they will release the cancer-destroying drugs.
A major stumbling block in designing more effective carriers for drugs has been the drug-to-carrier ratio.
Specifically the capacity of a particular carrier limits the amount of drug that it can deliver.
Effective therapy would typically require the administration of substantial amounts of drug-encapsulating vessels into the body.
To solve this problem IBN has designed a therapeutic nanocarrier for drug delivery using novel compounds derived from EGCG.
which can encapsulate drugs and proteins such as Herceptin, a protein drug currently used to treat breast cancer.
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)- EGCG was used to form the shell of this carrier. This novel compound is constituted of PEG
and PEG-EGCG shell protecting the protein drug from rapid proteolysis and renal clearance while providing for tumor targeting.
At the same time the drug accumulation in the other organs was lowered substantially by 70%in the liver and kidney and by 40%in the lungs.
and can boost cancer treatment when used together with the protein drug. Unlike conventional therapy our green tea carrier can eradicate more cancer cells
and accumulate significantly less drugs in vital organs where they could cause adverse side effects. This invention could pave the way for a better drug delivery system to fight cancer,
said Dr Motoichi Kurisawa IBN Principal Research Scientist and Team Leader. IBN has filed a patent on their green tea nanocarrier
Using these optical properties to characterize the nanosheets Kim determined that he could approximate ph. Kim envisions biomedical engineers wrapping drugs inside of scrolled nanosheets
or drugs securely inside the body said Kim. By encapsulating a dangerous substance such as a cancer-treating drug into a nanosheet doctors can attack very specific parts of the body.
This would decrease the amount of the drug necessary and minimize side effects. There are tons of smart polymers
and metals Kim said explaining the many properties he hopes to incorporate into nanotechnology. This new structure is composite
and colleagues from the RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science the University of Tokyo and Hiroshima University have discovered that ultrathin films of a semiconducting material have properties that form the basis for a new kind of low-power electronics
and can be controlled remotely allowing targeted drug transport in the body for example. Nanovesicles for transporting drugs to correct locations in the body-that's the idea.
On 24 september chemists and physicists from Radboud University will publish results from a seminal intermediate step in Nature Communications:
It had already been possible to'load'them with a drug and open them elsewhere.
which can be used to develop precisely targeted drug therapies are a current focus in the emerging field of pharmacogenomics.
and elegant nanoprobe for assessing sensitivity to the drug warfarin. To develop the nanoprobe Jackie Ying at the A*STAR Institute of Bioengineering
whether a patient will tolerate the drug or suffer serious side effects. The researchers used gold nanoparticles attached to short sections of DNA that bind to specific complementary sequences of DNA through the base pairing that holds together double-stranded DNA.
and low pressure to form the basis of the biosensor. The researchers then patterned graphene devices using semiconductor processing techniques before attaching a number of bioreceptor molecules to the graphene devices.
This result could be the basis for next-generation flexible and transparent computing, better light-emitting diodes,
"Furthermore, this concept can be applied as the basis to produce dynamic three-dimensional color displays. In the area of informatics, these holographic configurations could store information in subwavelength areas.
but allowing select molecules such as drugs to get through. This critical front line of cellular defence is made up of a layer of fatty lipids just a few nanometres thick.
and form the basis of countless electronic devices such as memory chips photovoltaic cells logic gates and sensors. An interesting alternative to inorganic TFTS (silicon) is organic TFTS (OTFTS)
#Nanoscale biodegradable drug-delivery method could provide a year or more of steady doses About one in four older adults suffers from chronic pain.
Many of those people take medication usually as pills. But this is not an ideal way of treating pain:
and can suffer side effects since the contents of pills spread through the bloodstream to the whole body.
Now researchers at MIT have refined a technique that could enable pain medication and other drugs to be released directly to specific parts of the bodynd in steady doses over a period of up to 14 months.
The method uses biodegradable nanoscale thin films laden with drug molecules that are absorbed into the body in an incremental process.
It's been hard to develop something that releases medication for more than a couple of months says Paula Hammond the David H. Koch Professor in Engineering at MIT
and a co-author of a new paper on the advance. Now we're looking at a way of creating an extremely thin film or coating that's very dense with a drug and yet releases at a constant rate for very long time periods.
In the paper published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences the researchers describe the method used in the new drug-delivery system
which significantly exceeds the release duration achieved by most commercial controlled-release biodegradable films. You can potentially implant it
and release the drug for more than a year without having to go in and do anything about it says Bryan Hsu Phd'14 who helped develop the project as a doctoral student in Hammond's lab. You don't have to go recover it.
Normally to get long-term drug release you need a reservoir or device something that can hold back the drug.
And it's typically nondegradable. It will release slowly but it will either sit there
The research project tackles a difficult problem in localized drug delivery: Any biodegradable mechanism intended to release a drug over a long time period must be sturdy enough to limit hydrolysis a process by which the body's water breaks down the bonds in a drug molecule.
If too much hydrolysis occurs too quickly the drug will not remain intact for long periods in the body.
Yet the drug-release mechanism needs to be designed such that a drug molecule does in fact decompose in steady increments.
To address this the researchers developed what they call a layer-by-layer technique in
which drug molecules are attached effectively to layers of thin-film coating. In this specific case the researchers used diclofenac a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is often prescribed for osteoarthritis and other pain or inflammatory conditions.
Because the effectiveness of pain medication is evaluated subjective they the efficacy of the method by seeing how well the diclofenac blocked the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) an enzyme central to inflammation in the body.
We found that it remains active after being released Hsu says meaning that the new method does not damage the efficacy of the drug.
Or as the paper notes the layer-by-layer method produced substantial COX inhibition at a similar level to pills.
The method also allows the researchers to adjust the quantity of the drug being delivered essentially by adding more layers of the ultrathin coating.
Hammond and Hsu note that the technique could be used for other kinds of medication; an illness such as tuberculosis for instance requires at least six months of drug therapy.
It's not only viable for diclofenac Hsu says. This strategy can be applied to a number of drugs.
Indeed other researchers who have looked at the paper say the potential medical versatility of the thin-film technique is of considerable interest.
To be sure in each case researchers will have to figure out how best to bind the drug molecule in question to a biodegradable thin-film coating.
The next steps for the researchers include studies to optimize these properties in different bodily environments and more tests perhaps with medications for both chronic pain and inflammation.
With graphene droplets now easy to produce, researchers say this opens up possibilities for its use in drug delivery and disease detection.
it could be used for controlled drug release applications.""Drug delivery systems tend to use magnetic particles
which are very effective but they can't always be used because these particles can be toxic in certain physiological conditions,
"These discoveries provide the fundamental basis for the development of improved battery materials, "said Jun Wang."
"It lays the groundwork for a whole new basis of electronics, and in particular, ultra-low-power electronics."
"It has the potential to totally change the world's electronic basis. It's a trillion-dollar prospect. l
Even though metal nanoparticles are used variously in industrial, pharmaceutical and agricultural (fertilizer) applications as a catalyst, toxic liquids such as toluene and hexane are used usually as solvents in the carbon-carbon
and deliver drugs to target cells in the human body. Recently researchers created nanoparticles that under the right conditions self-assemble trapping complementary guest molecules within their structure.
and force them to interact exclusively in the intracellular environment can evolve into a valuable strategy to activate drugs inside cells Raymo says.
Other authors are John F. Callan co-corresponding author of the study from the School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Ulster;
and Colin Fowley and Bridgeen Mccuaghan School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Ulster.
#Nanoparticles could provide easier route for cell therapy UT Arlington physics researchers may have developed a way to use laser technology to deliver drug and gene therapy at the cellular level without damaging surrounding tissue.
A pleasant surprise The geometric basis for such microstructures was determined more than a decade ago, Fang says,
Quantum dots are novel nanostructures that can become the basis of the next generation of solar cells capable of squeezing additional electricity out of the extra energy of blue and ultraviolet photons.
#Antimicrobial coatings with a long-term effect for surfaces Researchers at the INM Leibniz Institute for New Materials have produced now antimicrobial abrasion-resistant coatings with both silver
Researchers at the INM Leibniz Institute for New Materials have produced now antimicrobial abrasion-resistant coatings with both silver
The researchers claim their nanoparticle bar codes could be used with paper metals fluids and even drugs.
explosive derivative drug polymer and ink. This method has high labeling capacity owing to the small sizes of nanoparticles sharp melting peaks
and cost-effective genetic test to determine the correct dosage of blood thinning drugs for the treatment of stroke,
we have developed a new genetic test that can determine the appropriate drug dosage to be administered for each patient."
"Blood thinning drugs or anticoagulant medication prevent clots from forming in the blood. They are used to treat stroke, irregular heartbeat and deep vein thrombosis.
Warfarin is the most widely prescribed oral anticoagulant drug. But the dosage for each individual is highly variable,
Transistors are the basis of nearly all electronics. Their two settingsn or offictate the 1s and 0s of computer binary language.
they form the basis of both LEDS and LCDS (liquid crystal displays.""This could make a transparent,
or dyes instead of one or a contrast agent along with another type of diagnostic aid or a medication doctors could more efficiently test for
All of a sudden, the ability to design technologies at the basis of health, entertainment, travel and social communication will not be limited by plugs and external power sources,
#Using light to identify chiral molecules for pharmaceuticals A combination of nanotechnology and a unique twisting property of light could lead to new methods for ensuring the purity and safety of pharmaceuticals.
A direct relationship between the way in which light is twisted by nanoscale structures and the nonlinear way in
which it interacts with matter could be used to ensure greater purity for pharmaceuticals, allowing for'evil twins'of drugs to be identified with much greater sensitivity.
Researchers from the University of Cambridge have used this relationship, in combination with powerful lasers and nanopatterned gold surfaces
The drug that was prescribed to patients however, was a mix of both forms, resulting in more than 10,000 children worldwide being born with serious birth defects,
When developing new pharmaceuticals, identifying the correct chiral form is crucial. Specific molecules bind to specific receptors,
which could be useful in the development of new drugs. The results are published in the journal Advanced Materials.
which would result in very high sensitivity for measuring the chiral purity of drugs. The researchers also used tiny gold structures, known as plasmonic nanostructures, to focus the beams of light.
"Together, these technologies could help ensure that new drugs are safe and pure. r
#Silly Putty material inspires better batteries Using a material found in Silly Putty and surgical tubing, a group of researchers at the University of California,
Imagine a fleet of these vehicles whisking payloads to LEO on a daily basis . If multiple countries operate their own fleets there will eventually be multiple payload deliveries per day.
#To make it happen the team removed parts of skull from three patients experiencing frequent drug-resistant epileptic seizures then attached a packet of electrodes to their exposed brains.
#Preventing Superbugs By Deactivating Antibiotics With A Flash Of Light Bacterial resistance is becoming one of the most serious problems in the medical world
and distributing antibiotics to kill bacteria that as the antibiotics build up in the environment the bacteria are becoming immune.
They are turning into superbugs resistant to all our best efforts necessitating ever more powerful antibiotics
Scientists at the University of Groningen have developed a possible solution that involves automatic deactivation of antibiotics.
Some types of antibiotics rely on shape to do their duties; they have to stick to certain enzymes in the human body to inhibit various bodily functions that allow the bacteria to live.
The particular antibiotics used by the Dutch scientists are called quinolones which are shaped sort of like a letter C to attach to the enzyme they're targeting.
But if the shape is changed the antibiotic is useless; it can't bind to the enzyme it's aiming for
but also does not contribute to the buildup of effective antibiotics in the environment. So the scientists attached an azobenzene a very simple chemical compound that responds strongly to light to the quinolones.
Even better since antibiotics sometimes cause damage on their way to infected areas you can turn these modified antibiotics on at will so they don't attack healthy bacteria in the body.#
since it's hard to blast antibiotics that are inside the human body with light or heat.
Scientists have looked previously into sewer sensors as a way to examine drug usage on a citywide level.
#Drug Cures Mice Of Down syndrome With A Single Dose Cure Down syndrome with a single injection?
A team of scientists from John Hopkins University and the National institutes of health have cured newborn mice of Down syndrome by injecting them with a drug that stimulates
But the drug is a long way from becoming a human cure. The Hedgehog pathway plays an important role
However if a drug were given in utero it potentially could make a difference as it might alter the genes before they were expressed.
#How To Detect Counterfeit Drugs Growing up in Pakistan in the 1980s, Muhammad Zaman and his family always knew which pharmacy to trust
when they got sick. Today, even the pharmacists don't know whom to trust. Just last year, more than 200 people in Lahore died after contaminated cardiac medicines containing a toxic amount of an anti-malaria drug hit the city's supply.
More than a thousand got sick. The crisis of poor quality drugs is worst in the developing world,
where regulatory oversight is weak and patients are desperate for affordable medicine. Consider this: The World health organization says that at least 10 percent to 30 percent of the pharmaceutical market in these countries is compromised."
"Everybody in the developing world knows about this problem, but nobody ever does anything about it,
The bogus-drug trade isn't just a problem for the world's poorest patients:
but hardly a week goes by without federal health officials warning about fake Viagra, Tamiflu, Botox,
Last year, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned consumers about fakes of Adderall, the attention-deficit-disorder drug,
and researchers like Zaman are working to make sure that the drugs people take are what they're supposed to be.
Detecting dangerous or substandard drugs is generally difficult. Verifying a medication's manufacturing origin is simple only when it comes from a big
international company with a tracking system in placend that's often not the case. When health-care providers in the developing world can afford only drugs that don't have a built-in security network,
where it combines with a molecule designed to bind solely with the drug in question. Binding sets off a fluorescent probe,
The process reveals how much of the drug is present and how quickly it dissolves, and takes 15 minutes or less."
Some drugs are entirely fakenake oil, sawdust, chalk. But others, particularly those in developing countries, might contain an ineffective amount of medicine or release the right amount in the wrong way;
Pharmacheck is designed to recognize these drugs as well. Too strong a signal right away could mean that the medicine wasn't made properly
Too weak a signal means there might not be enough of the active ingredient to be effective (in antibiotics,
Some drugs are entirely fake. Others contain an ineffective amount of medicine. Meanwhile, the FDA is ramping up deployment of its own handheld scanners,
which detect changes in a drug's ingredients and packaging to help determine its provenance.
where counterfeit drugs slip into the country, and more at other points of entry. While not as sophisticated as Zaman's Pharmacheckd-3 can't determine a pill's dose
or how it's released in the bodyda officials say the device is great for screening lots of drugs.
This spring the agency signed an agreement with Corning to continue refining CD-3 for later large-scale manufacturing.
Its convenient and still-unnamed product lab on a piece of paper the size of a business cardirectly detects a drug's ingredients.
Each paper can detect one type of drug. Rub some crushed Tylenol or antimalarial on it, for example, dip it in water,
and the results are rendered in colors. Users then send a photo of the paper to an automatic Web service for a"real"or"fake"response.
Stem cell-derived organs might in future provide accurate disease models for screening of pharmaceutical compounds reducing the requirement for animal testing
Not to mention the potential applications of stem cell-derived organs in toxicology screens for new pharmaceutical compounds
#Which Drugs Actually Kill Americans Infographic Death reporting in the U s. requires an underlying cause the event or disease that lead to the death.
That's where cocaine or antidepressants would show up. The subcategories are limited in their detail many drugs are lumped together like MDMA and caffeine
which are listed together as psychostimulants. And about a quarter of all overdose death certificates don't have the toxicity test results listed at all landing them in the unspecified stripe.
About half of those additional deaths are in the pharmaceuticals category which the CDC has written about before.
Nearly three-quarters of the pharmaceuticals deaths are opioid analgesics prescription painkillers like Oxycontin and Vicodin.
And while cocaine heroin and alcohol are all responsible for enough deaths to warrant their own stripes on the chart many popular illegal drugs including marijuana
if a person had listed multiple drugs on their death certificate they're being counted twice here.
when its got Marijuana lumped in with all of the truly dangerous drugs. MARIJUANA has caused NEVER a single case of overdose in all of human history.
Tobacco kills more Americans than all of these drugs+pharma=COMBINED!**400000 Americans killed by Tobacco each year.
Drug laws are divorced from reality. They only serve to support the drug trade. We cannot continue to lie to drug users
and expect them to take us seriously. They know better than anyone that all drugs are not bad and all pharmaceuticals are not safe either.
Why would our children listen to us if they think we are fools? Looks like Alcohol overdoses have doubled in the last few years as well.@
Taylorjusher That is because people are believing the lie that legal drugs are safe and illegal ones are dangerous.
while the reckless outlaws using overpriced contaminated incorrectly dosed illegal drugs are still alive and partying.
The elderly obese man had drugs in his system as he stepped in front of the bus that squished him running away from his angry wife with that machete.
More proof that the war on drugs is a wasteful fallacy. Absolute BS. I don't know where they got these statistics but
Alcohol and opioids like heroin have got to be the drugs causing the most death..The graph is anything but clear.
Auroria I agree that sugar is a drug and that is extremely unhealthy (I avoid it).
The only thing this graph really shows me is that pharmaceutical overdoses have increased quite a bit from 1999-2010between 1999 and 2010 the US population increased by 11%to 308 million.
In that same time green pharma related drug deaths increased from 2. 7 to 9. 9 per 100000 per year (1. 8cm by ruler to 6. 6cm where 25%=16. 6cm
FDA approved pharmaceuticals are by far the greatest and fastest growing source of overdoses and 2:
Something like Deaths by Drug Overdose Group by Drug would have been a billion times better. Please be more responsible.
What causes could contribute to an increase in pharmaceutical overdoses? Starting with the obvious (but there are plenty of other reasons:
1. This chart shows deaths caused by drug overdose. It does not show deaths from chronic health problems caused by drug use nor accidents (car crashes falls) nor suicides while intoxicated.
If all these other deaths were shown the death count for alcohol would be much much greater. 2. Overdose deaths from cannabis LSD magic mushrooms
People concentrate on illegal drugs when legal drugs kill many times more. In France Alcool is third biggest killer.
Here government encourage to drink wine
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