#Cancer drug 49 times more potent than Cisplatin Based on a compound of the rare precious metal osmium and developed by researchers at the University of Warwick's Department of chemistry and the Warwick Cancer Research Unit,
They can also be used to communicate through objects, such as steel that electromagnetic waves can't penetrate."
"Speakers and microphones both use diaphragms, typically made of paper or plastic, that vibrate to produce
2015 at a lab on KAIST's campus. They used high-frequency magnetic materials in a dipole coil structure to build a thin,
with each coil having a ferrite core and connected with a resonant capacitor. Comparing to a conventional loop coil,
The ferrite cores are designed optimally to reduce the core volume by half, and their ability to transfer power is unaffected nearly by human bodies or surrounding metal objects,
#Crystal structure and magnetism: New insight into the fundamentals of solid state physics A team at HZB has carried out the first detailed study of how magnetic and geometric ordering mutually influence one another in crystalline samples of spinel.
To achieve this, the group synthesized a series of mixed crystals with the chemical formula Ni1-xcuxcr2o4 in
They discovered through neutron scattering experiments at BER II not only how the crystal structure changes, but also uncovered new magnetic phases.
and as heat-resistant and magnetic materials. The embedded metal ions in the Ni1-xcuxcr2o4 spinel system cause a distortion of the crystal structure.
In addition, they also display magnetic moments due to the geometrical structure that cannot be oriented as they otherwise would be.
The exciting thing about this series of mixed crystals is that nickel or copper atoms sit at
what are referred to as tetragonal sites of the crystal structure. Due to their different configurations of electrons, these tetrahedra become elongated along the crystallographic c-axis for nickel,
The distortion of the crystal structure can thus be controlled, which in turn has an effect on the magnetic ordering.
Manfred Reehuis and Michael Tovar were successful in determining the structural and magnetic properties for each of the mixed crystal specimens over quite a wide temperature range,
This shows that the crystal structure is cubic (three right angles three equal edges) at high temperatures, since the kinetic energy of the atoms still suppresses the Jahn-Teller effect
and thereby prove there is a relationship between the conditions for magnetic ordering and the crystal structures.
especially when they are in a geometrical system like a crystal, rather than in isolation,"says Michael Tovar v
A number of polymer structures were tested for their ability to deliver DNA into two rat glioma cell lines.
Among the many polymers tried, the one known as PBAE 447 was found to be the most efficient in delivering the HSVTK gene into the cultured rat glioma cells.
#Polymer mold makes perfect silicon nanostructures Using molds to shape things is as old as humanity.
In the Bronze age, the copper-tin alloy was melted and cast into weapons in ceramic molds.
In a breakthrough for nanoscience, Cornell polymer engineers have made such a mold for nanostructures that can shape liquid silicon out of an organic polymer material.
The advance is from the lab of Uli Wiesner, Professor of Engineering in the Department of Materials science and engineering,
whose lab previously has led the creation of novel materials made of organic polymers. With the right chemistry, organic polymers self-assemble,
and the researchers used this special ability of polymers to make a mold dotted with precisely shaped and sized nanopores.
Normally, melting amorphous silicon, which has a melting temperature of about 2, 350 degrees, would destroy the delicate polymer mold,
which degrades at about 600 degrees. But the scientists in collaboration with Michael Thompson, associate professor of materials science and engineering, got around this issue by using extremely short melt periods induced by a laser.
The researchers found the polymer mold holds up if the silicon is heated by laser pulses just nanoseconds long.
At such short time scales, silicon can be heated to a liquid, but the melt duration is so short the polymer doesn't have time to oxidize
and decompose. They essentially tricked the polymer mold into retaining its shape at temperatures above its decomposition point.
When the mold was etched away the researchers showed that the silicon had been shaped perfectly by the mold.
This could lead to making perfect, single-crystal silicon nanostructures. They haven't done it yet,
In materials science, the goal is always to get well-defined structures that can be studied without interference from material defects.
Discovery of single-crystal silicon--the semiconductor in every integrated circuit--made the electronics revolution possible.
It took cutting single crystals into wafers to truly understand silicon's semiconducting properties. Today, nanotechnology allows incredibly detailed nanoscale etching, down to 10 nanometers on a silicon wafer.
Semiconductors like silicon don't self-assemble into perfectly ordered structures like polymers Do it's almost unheard of to get a 3-D structured single crystal of a semiconductor.
porous nanomaterials using specially structured molecules called block copolymers. They first used a carbon dioxide laser in Thompson's lab to"write"the nanoporous materials onto a silicon wafer.
contained a block copolymer, which directed the assembly of a polymer resin. Writing lines in the film with the laser,
the block copolymer decomposed, acting like a positive-tone resist, while the negative-tone resin was left behind to form the porous nanostructure.
That became the mold.""We demonstrated that we can use organic templates with structures as complicated as a gyroid, a periodically ordered cubic network structure,
"To study this, the researchers used their technique, ultrafast electron crystallography. The technique, a new development--different from Zewail's Nobel prize-winning work in femtochemistry, the visual study of chemical processes occurring at femtosecond scales--allowed researchers to observe directly the transitioning atomic configuration of a prototypical phase-change
The research by the lab of Rice physicist Emilia Morosan has already been cited as a textbook example of how magnetism arises in metals.
when the metal is cooled to 36 kelvins, about minus 395 degrees Fahrenheit.""Magnetization is a function of temperature,
Tiau is only the third known itinerant magnetic metal made with no magnetic elements. The other two, both ferromagnets that activate their magnetic order at temperatures even colder than Tiau
They also allow for handy things like electrical conductivity in metals. Atomic moments in local-moment ferromagnets--that is, common magnetic materials--align all of their spins in the same direction.
In an antiferromagnet, the atomic moments align in opposite directions. Morosan said it's important to know these extremes in magnetic behavior."
"At the heart of the new technology is a piece of nano-engineered silica glass with ions that fluoresce in infrared light when a low power laser light hits them.
Uday Vaidya, Ph d.,professor and chair of UAB's Department of Materials science and engineering, worked with Storm Resistant Systems
"The composition of thermoplastic and fiberglass resins and fibers used in the panels are stronger per-unit density than the steel used in many current shelters
The team working on the safe room developed a steel frame that holds the panels, and the frame can be broken down
but they have the strength equivalent to steel, "said David Cooper, P. E s. E.,president of Cooper Structural Engineers."
The most effective composite metal foam against all three forms of radiation is called"high-Z steel-steel
"and was made up largely of stainless steel, but incorporated a small amount of tungsten. However the structure of the high-Z foam was modified
so that the composite foam that included tungsten was not denser than metal foam made entirely of stainless steel.
but was much better than bulk materials--even bulk steel--at blocking low energy gamma rays. Similarly
"The team created phosphorene by repeatedly using sticky tape to peel thinner and thinner layers of crystals from the black crystalline form of phosphorus. As well as creating much thinner and lighter semiconductors than silicon,
The experimental setup consisted of small patches of graphene (a two-dimensional single-sheet form of pure carbon) sliding against a DLC-coated steel ball.
The microscopic arrestin-GPCR crystals which his team had produced painstakingly over years, proved too difficult to study at even the most advanced type of synchrotron, a more conventional X-ray source.
Measuring just thousandths of a millimeter, the crystals--which had been formed in a toothpaste-like solution--were oozed into the X-ray pulses at LCLS,
may act as a sponge that safely binds a metal that can damage brain tissue when it's in excess.
It also wraps around the metal in a way that prevents it from producing free radicals.""Given these properties and its relative abundance,
This is because silver is a precious metal and relatively expensive, and silver particles with nanoscale dimensions oxidise particularly rapidly;
Encapsulation by AZO crystals Subsequently, Göbelt used an atomic layer deposition technique to gradually apply a coating of a highly doped wide bandgap semiconductor known as AZO.
AZO consists of zinc oxide that is doped with aluminium. It is much less expensive than ITO and just as transparent,
This process caused tiny AZO crystals to form on the silver nanowires, enveloped them completely, and finally filled in the interstices.
Quality map calculated Measurements of the electrical conductivity showed that the newly developed composite electrode is comparable to a conventional silver grid electrode.
or the interaction between light and free electrons on a metal's surface. When exposed to light
is a popular metal for this plasmonic photothermal heating because it is so efficient at absorbing light.
which makes polymer products more pliable and is still in use. igher everyday exposure levels were associated with menopause coming,
The Harvard team solved these problems by using a mesh of conductive polymer threads with either nanoscale electrodes
Neurons ook at this polymer network as friendly, like a scaffold he says. The next steps will be to implant larger meshes containing hundreds of devices, with different kinds of sensors,
they developed a 3-D printing process that uses two types of polymers: one rigid, one flexible.
The printer inserts an array of the rigid polymers into a bed of squishy material composed of the more flexible type.
its naturally smooth surface takes on a patterned texture that depends on the spacing and shapes of the embedded rigid polymers.
its rigid polymers are stuck in a fixed array and cannot change positions relative to one another.
For example, by using elongated rigid polymers instead of spherical ones, scientists could create surfaces that are smooth along one direction but ridged in the opposite direction.
Some rigid polymers might yield differently textured surfaces depending on the strength of the applied force.
but further compression would cause the polymers to rotate relative to one another, creating a different topography.
Other polymers could swell or shrink relative to the soft material. In the sample Guttag and Boyce printed to physically test their code,
the rigid polymers were about a centimeter in diameter and the bed of soft material was about a meter across.
As the former Arizona governor and U s. Secretary of the interior Bruce Babbitt told Propublica:""There is enough water in the West
The Shanghai composite was down 7. 4 percent, and the Shenzhen composite plunged 7. 9 percent.
Share prices in Hong kong, which is regulated separately, also weakened, dropping 1. 8 percent. Analysts had been warning for months about the risks of a stock market bubble in China,
The Shanghai composite is down about 18 percent from its June high J
#This Injectable Brain Implant Can Record and Stimulate Individual Neurons For those who need them most,
NIST researchers deduced the internal shape, thermal expansion, and volume of a 300 liter collection tank by measuring which microwave frequencies resonated (formed standing waves) within the evacuated tank.
#Laser-generated surface structures create extremely water-repellent metals Super-hydrophobic properties could lead to applications in solar panels,
sanitation and as rust-free metals Scientists at the University of Rochester have used lasers to transform metals into extremely water repellent,
-and nanoscale structures to give the metals their new properties. This work builds on earlier research by the team in which they used a similar laser-patterning technique that turned metals black.
Guo states that using this technique they can create multifunctional surfaces that are not only super-hydrophobic but also highly-absorbent optically.
Guo adds that one of the big advantages of his team process is that he structures created by our laser on the metals are intrinsically part of the material surface.
And it is these patterns that make the metals repel water. he material is so strongly water-repellent,
Unlike Guo laser-treated metals, the Teflon kitchen tools are not super-hydrophobic. The difference is that to make water to roll off a Teflon coated material
You can make water roll off Guo metals by tilting them less than five degrees. As the water bounces off the super-hydrophobic surfaces,
but ultra-short laser pulses to change the surface of the metals. A femtosecond laser pulse lasts on the order of a quadrillionth of a second
Guo is keen to stress that this same technique can give rise to multifunctional metals. Metals are naturally excellent reflectors of light.
That why they appear to have a shiny luster. Turning them black can therefore make them very efficient at absorbing light.
The combination of light-absorbing properties with making metals water repellent could lead to more efficient solar absorbers solar absorbers that don rust
or how to reliably predict it is comingsays Ming Dao a principal research scientist in MIT Department of Materials science and engineering.
Monica Diez-Silva a former research scientist in MIT Department of Materials science and engineering; and Gregory Kato of the Department of Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh.
said study co-author Michael Mcgehee, a professor of materials science and engineering at Stanford. ight now, silicon solar cells dominate the world market,
so Bailie did it manually. e used a sheet of plastic with silver nanowires on it, he said. hen we built a tool that uses pressure to transfer the nanowires onto the perovskite cell, kind of like a temporary tattoo.
The BAT key enabling technologies include a novel aerodynamic design, custom-made composite materials and an innovative control system.
The Rice lab of chemist James Tour discovered last year that firing a laser at an inexpensive polymer burned off other elements and left a film of porous graphene, the much-studied atom-thick
since their work to make vertically aligned supercapacitors with laser-induced graphene on both sides of a polymer sheet.
Tour is the T. T. and W. F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of materials science and nanoengineering and of computer science and a member of the Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology.
Led by materials science Associate professor Michael Arnold and Professor Padma Gopalan, the team has reported the highest-performing carbon nanotube transistors ever demonstrated.
the UW-Madison team drew on cutting-edge technologies that use polymers to selectively sort out the semiconducting nanotubes,
Additional authors on the ACS Nano paper include UW-Madison materials science and engineering graduate students Gerald Brady, Yongho Joo and Matthew Shea,
Purdue University researchers had created previously uperlatticesfrom layers of the metal titanium nitride and the dielectric, or insulator, aluminum scandium nitride.
which rely on the use of noble metals such as gold and silver, the new metamaterial is compatible with the complementary metalxideemiconductor manufacturing process used to construct integrated circuits.
#New catalyst process uses light not metal for rapid polymerization A team of chemistry and materials science experts from University of California,
Santa barbara and The Dow chemical Company has created a novel way to overcome one of the major hurdles preventing the widespread use of controlled radical polymerization.
In a global polymer industry valued in the hundreds of billions of dollars, a technique called Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization is emerging as a key process for creating well-defined polymers for a vast range of materials, from adhesives to electronics.
However, current ATRP methods by design use metal catalysts a major roadblock to applications for which metal contamination is an issue,
This new method of radical polymerization doesn involve heavy metal catalysts like copper. Their innovative, metal-free ATRP process uses an organic-based photocatalyst
How can we do this without any metals? said Craig Hawker, director of the Dow Materials Institute at UCSB. e looked toward developing an organic catalyst that is highly reducing in the excited state,
Their study was recently detailed in a paper titled etal-Free Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization, published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.
but the new metal-free rapid polymerization process ushes controlled radical polymerization into new areas and new applications, according to Hawker. any processes in use today all start with ATRP.
Controlling radical polymerization processes is critical for the synthesis of functional block polymers. As a catalyst, phenothiazine builds block copolymers in a sequential manner,
achieving high chain-end fidelity. This translates into a high degree of versatility in polymer structure,
as well as an efficient process. ur process doesn need heat. You can do this at room temperature with simple LED LIGHTS,
said Hawker. ee had success with a range of vinyl monomers, so this polymerization strategy is useful on many levels. he development of living radical processes,
such as ATRP, is arguably one of the biggest things to happen in polymer chemistry in the past few decades,
he added. his new discovery will significantly further the whole field. w
#Chemists one step closer to new generation of electric car battery Lithium sulphur (Li-S) batteries can theoretically power an electric car three times further than current lithium-ion batteries for the same weight at much
These are the reasons why carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPS) have still not yet found their path into wide-scale serial production so far to date.
however if composite materials have to be processed. his is why from a materials engineering perspective we optimize the surfaces of the fiberssays Endres.
Because when it comes to recycling fiber composite materials are a proverbial ough nut to crack.
Fibers inside these parts are embedded into a thermoplastic matrix#plastic that is which can be shaped at ultra-high temperatures
Solid Polymer Ionic Liquid (SPIL) electrolyte enables the ultra-thin lithium metal anode and improves the cell-level energy density by 50%compared to graphite anodes
parallel batches and then an array of them is transferred onto a thin sheet of glass or plastic.
and their wiring consists of acrylic plastic or Plexiglas, this system has the potential to be inexpensive to produce.
Even though the printed plastic lenses were not up to specification, they were able to demonstrate over 100 times solar concentration.
John A Rogers, professor of materials science and engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign; and Bram M. Meulblok, technical representative, LUXEXCEL Group B. V.,The netherlands.
They were then able to gently scrape some of the silver to leave behind two islands of metal as electrodes, with a strip of silicene between them.
The LED device was constructed by combining different 2d crystals and emits light from across its whole surface.
we show that they can provide the basis for flexible and semitransparent electronics. he range of functionalities for the demonstrated heterostructures is expected to grow further on increasing the number of available 2d crystals
By constructing tiny irrorsto trap light around impurity atoms in diamond crystals, the team dramatically increased the efficiency with
The new findings using a layer of one-atom-thick graphene deposited on top of a similar 2-D layer of a material called hexagonal boron nitride (hbn) are published in the journal Nano Letters.
they will be manufactured from polymer-lined 5 mm-thick carbon fibre in the finished model. The lightweight lithium-polymer hybrid fuel cell that converts the hydrogen gas into electricity to power the rotors was developed by a sister company,
called Horizon Energy systems. y removing the design silos that typically separate the energy storage component from UAV frame development,
But many of the advances rely on petroleum-based plastics and toxic materials. Yu-Zhong Wang, Fei Song and colleagues wanted to seek a reenerway forward.
semiconducting crystals made out of zinc and selenium. The paper glowed at room temperature and could be rolled
the team is also considering the use of other metals, such as zinc and magnesium that could serve as the anode in a battery of this type. e also expect that other organometallic compounds with multi-valence-state metal centers (redox centers) may also function as the anode,
surface smoothness and thermal expansion. ou don want it to expand or shrink too much. Wood is a natural hydroscopic material
Gong and her students also have been based studying bio polymers for more than a decade. CNF offers many benefits over current chip substrates, she says. he advantage of CNF over other polymers is that it a bio-based material and most other polymers are based petroleum polymers.
Bio-based materials are sustainable biocompatible and biodegradable, Gong says. nd, compared to other polymers,
CNF actually has a relatively low thermal expansion coefficient. The group work also demonstrates a more environmentally friendly process that showed performance similar to existing chips.
The majority of today wireless devices use gallium arsenide-based microwave chips due to their superior high-frequency operation and power handling capabilities.
a Swanlund Chair in Materials science and engineering, have developed a line of heat-triggered, self-destructing devices, a step toward greatly reducing electronic waste and boosting sustainability in device manufacturing.
In the normal non-superconducting phase, the electrons in most metals move independentlyhe scattering of electrons causes electrical resistance.
we noticed that it was almost invisible and very flexible like a polymer and could literally be sucked into a glass needle or pipette.
researchers lay out a mesh of nanowires sandwiched in layers of organic polymer. The first layer is dissolved then, leaving the flexible mesh,
who recently completed his Phd in materials science and engineering at Illinois. pin transfer torque has often been realized by passing electrical currents through magnetic layers.
The global market for polymers such as this approaches $7 billion, and there are estimates the U s. spends up to $120 billion a year on probiotic products such as yogurt, sour cream and buttermilk.
beginning in the early 1990s when a novel polymer with an ability to rapidly thicken milk was discovered by an OSU microbiologist.
The polymer is known as Ropy 352 and produced by a non-disease-causing bacterium. his is one of many naturally occurring,
never-before reported grouping of genes that code for a unique polymer that naturally thickens milk.
In basic research, wee also broadened our understanding of how and why non-disease-causing bacteria produce polymers.
This polymer appears to give fermented foods a smooth thick, creamy property, and may initially find uses in sour cream, yogurt, kefir, buttermilk, cream cheese and artisan soft cheeses.
And unlike other polymers that are used now commonly as thickeners, it may add probiotic characteristics to foods,
non-disease-causing bacterial strains that produce unique polymers with characteristics desirable and safe for food products,
One of the most common polymers, xanthum gum, has been in use since 1969 and is found in a huge range of food products, from canned foods to ice cream, pharmaceuticals and beauty products.
Trempy research program has determined the new polymer will thicken whole and nonfat milk, lactose-free milk, coconut milk, rice milk,
Beyond that, the polymer may have a wide range of applications such as thickening of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, fruit juices, cosmetics and personal care products.
In their broader uses, microbial polymers are used for food production, chemical production, detergents, cosmetics, paints, pesticides, fertilizers, film formers, lubricants, explosives, pharmaceutical production and waste treatment.
Polymer material produced by a 3-D printer includes soft, flexible material (clear or lighter tone) with particles of hard material (black) embedded, in predetermined arrangements.
involves a material that is composed of two different polymers with different degrees of stiffness: More rigid particles are embedded within a matrix of a more flexible polymer.
When squeezed, the material surface changes from smooth to a pattern determined by the spacing and shapes of the implanted harder particles;
or its reflectivity. But by arranging the distribution of the hard particles, it can also be used to produce highly complex surface textures for example,
#Centimeter-long origami robot At the recent International Conference on Robotics and Automation, MIT researchers presented a printable origami robot that folds itself up from a flat sheet of plastic
The middle layer always consisted of polyvinyl chloride, a plastic commonly used in plumbing pipes, which contracts when heated.
In the acetone-soluble prototype, the outer layers were polystyrene. Slits cut into the outer layers by a laser cutter guide the folding process.
If two slits on opposite sides of the sheet are of different widths then when the middle layer contracts, it forces the narrower slit edges together,
which a tiny layer of magnetic material is sandwiched between tantalum and tantalum-oxide layers. Long stripes of magnetic domains appear in the magnetic material on one side of a tiny channel.
When the scientists applied an electric current to the metal layers, the stripes stretched through the channel
have the right boiling point distribution and lubricity, and a very low pour point, meaning the fuel can become gelatinous in the cold temperatures of the stratosphere,
rare-earth metals are, as their name suggests, hard to come by. Mining and purifying them is an expensive,
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have pioneered now a process that could enable the efficient recycling two of these metals, neodymium and dysprosium.
and Patrick J. Carroll, director of the University of Pennsylvania X-ray Crystallography Facility, also contributed to the study.
the two metals need to be separated and remixed before they can be reused. t, in principle, easier to get the neodymium
The technique, known as liquid-liquid extraction, involves dissolving the composite material and chemically filtering the elements apart.
The process is repeated thousands of times to get useful purities of the rare-earth metals,
Rather than this liquid-liquid method, Schelter team has devised a way to separate the two metals by having neodymium stay dissolved in a solution
enabling the two metals to be separated easily. Once apart, an acid bath can strip the ligand off both metals,
enabling it to be recycled as well. f you have the right ligand, you can do this separation in five minutes,
so it is less likely to fall off before the metals are separated. Further modification of the ligand could enable other rare earths in technology products,
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