and a polymer solution on top of an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass ply that was used as the anode for the LED.
and deforming permanently due to plastic buckling. Elastic buckling honeycomb structures provide the materials needed so that a given item could stretch
The material is made from plastic tape coated with a micrometer-thick bacterial spore layer. This layer is formed with modified Bacillus subtilis spores,
University of Nebraska-Lincoln chemist Xiao Cheng Zeng found that the computer model predicted the crystals were incredibly conductive,
Sous-vide which involves vacuum sealing the food in plastic pouches and immersing them in a water bath at 65-85°C and cook-vide in
Alice Mougin Olivier Mauroux Walter Matthey-Doret Eugenia Maria Barcos Fernand Beaud Ahmed Bousbaine Florian Viton and Candice Smarrito-Menozz i
Professor Wass explains. arbon fiber composites have been used widely in Formula one and performance cars for many years,
which uses carbon fibre composites could benefit, Professor Wass notes. t the consumer end of the market that could be sports equipment, bike frames, and so on.
which uses flexible mobile devices made with Lycra or alloy displays. These can bend, stretch and change shape automatically.
Due to its high powered processing capabilities the technology can acquire the scan through aluminum plastic
#Researchers developed hydrophobic metals using laser Engineers have spent decades studying super-hydrophobic surfaces because of the plethora of real-life applications.
Researchers from the University of Rochester have developed a method to make metals hydrophobic or waterproof when they are treated with lasers.
researchers have been searching for polymers on which human pluripotent stem cells can be grown and differentiated in vast numbersillions at a time. he possibilities for regenerative medicine are still being researched in the form of clinical trials,
#How lasers make metal super water repellent Scientists have used lasers to turn metals into extremely water repellent materials without the need for temporary coatings.
-and nanoscale structures to give the metals their new properties. This work builds on earlier research by the team in which they used a similar laser-patterning technique that turned metals black.
Guo says that with this technique, they can create multifunctional surfaces that are not only super-hydrophobic but also highly-absorbent optically.
Guo adds that one of the big advantages of his team process is that he structures created by our laser on the metals are intrinsically part of the material surface.
And it is these patterns that make the metals repel water. he material is so strongly water-repellent,
Unlike Guo laser-treated metals, the Teflon kitchen tools are not super-hydrophobic. The difference is that to make water to roll off a Teflon coated material,
You can make water roll off Guo metals by tilting them less than five degrees. As the water bounces off the super-hydrophobic surfaces
but ultra-short laser pulses to change the surface of the metals. A femtosecond laser pulse lasts on the order of a quadrillionth of a second
MULTIFUNCTIONAL METALS Guo is keen to stress that this same technique can give rise to multifunctional metals.
Metals are naturally excellent reflectors of light. That why they appear to have a shiny luster.
The combination of light-absorbing properties with making metals water repellent could lead to more efficient solar absorbersolar absorbers that don rust
#Hybrid crystals fuse semiconductors and metal Tomorrow's computers and electronics will require extremely small high-quality circuits.
and metal the material has a special superconducting property at very low temperatures. The superconductor in this case is aluminium.
The atoms sit in a perfectly ordered lattice in the nanowire crystal not only in the semiconductor and the metal but also in the transition between the two very different components which is significant in itself explains Peter Krogstrup an assistant professor who helped develop the contact.
Krogstrup says it is the ultimate limit to how perfect a transition one could imagine between a nanowire crystal and a contact.
which are made polymers from natural materials like proteins or from human-made substances to make plastic,
rubber or fiber, including biodegradable materials. The new method, dubbed"magnetospinning, "provides a simple, scalable,
Ph d.,study co-author and the Georgia Power Professor of Polymers, Fibers and Textiles in UGA's college of family and consumer sciences."
"Currently, the most common nanofiber manufacturing technique, called electrospinning, uses high-voltage electricity and specially designed equipment to produce the polymer strings.
Polymer that has been melted or liquefied in a solution is mixed with biocompatible iron oxide or another magnetic material and placed inside a hypodermic needle.
This needle is positioned then near a magnet that is fixed atop a spinning circular platter. As the magnet passes by the tip of the needle,
a droplet of the polymer fluid stretches out and attaches to the magnet, forming a nanofiber string that winds around the platter as it continues to spin.
"The researchers can use this method to create a variety of nanofibers simply by changing the polymer placed in the syringe.
"We can use almost any kind of polymer with this platform, and we can tailor make the nanofibers for different applications,
Previous research has evaluated the use of microneedles made of silicon or metal, but they were shown not to be safe.
"Using X-ray crystallography, the team determined the three-dimensional structure of TOPLESS, both on its own and when linked with other molecules responsible for turning genes off, thereby regulating gene expression.
Ribo-T may be able to be tuned to produce unique and functional polymers for exploring ribosome functions
and perhaps one day even non-biological polymers, point out Dr. Mankin.""We felt like there was a very small chance Ribo-T could work,
or the interaction between light and free electrons on a metal's surface. When exposed to light,
gold is a popular metal for plasmonic photothermal heating since it is extremely efficient at absorbing light.
According the company, the new piezoelectric polymer converts pressure and vibration into electric energy with high efficiency,
ceramics and polymers. Both are based on the principle of using mechanical strain to generate electricity
Ceramics convert vibration to energy with high efficiency, but theye heavy, fragile, and often include toxic lead,
while polymers are lighter, more flexible, and more durable, but not very efficient. According to Ricoh, its new energy-generating rubber combines flexibility and high energy output.
It's not only less fragile than ceramics, but it's also more flexible and durable than other polymers;
surviving several million uses in testing. In addition, it's sensitive to light loads, yet generates high output under heavier ones.
but it does say that it's engaged in further research to produce a commercially viable version of the polymer for both sensors and energy applications o
when EL panels made from plastic are bent too sharply, fractures and a severely diminished output usually result.
or plastic coated with a transparent conductive coating, while the opaque rear electrode is made generally from a reflective metal foil.
Gaseous isobutane is a sort of raw material for the petrochemical industry that can then be refined into a variety of plastics, fuels and other applications.
of which is a shape-memory nickel/titanium alloy. Women will then have scanned their feet using a portable in store device called the DOME.
It consists of rolls of adhesive wallpaper made of flexible polymer film, which is embedded with Kevlar fibers in a crisscross pattern.
#3d printing breakthrough creates metal and copper structures The method developed at the University of Twente in The netherlands involves microscopic drops created from a thin metal film that is melted by a pulsed laser.
The key to this breakthrough in printing metals seems to be using a higher energy laser than in previous attempts.
creating drops of metal that maintained a more spherical shape and led to the creation of a stack that was less stable.
The team plans to look into this effect to improve printing capability not just in metals
Other efforts around the globe to print metals are also beginning to bear fruit, including hopes to exploit Australia's plentiful titanium reserves.
The key to this breakthrough in printing metals seems to be using a higher energy laser than in previous attempts.
creating drops of metal that maintained a more spherical shape and led to the creation of a stack that was less stable.
The team plans to look into this effect to improve printing capability not just in metals
Other efforts around the globe to print metals are also beginning to bear fruit, including hopes to exploit Australia's plentiful titanium reserves.
microminiature perforations are made in a multilayered structure consisting of two thin films of silver separated by a film of silica 45 nanometers thick.
where mixed color pigments are used, there is no color ink used in our structural printing process only different hole sizes on a thin metallic layer,
As the sandwiched silver/silica material acts as a plasmonic device, the Missouri S&t team believes that mechanical color printing on such materials provides a much higher printing resolution than conventional color printing.
Even plastics factory making small household items required as much manual labor as a metal works turning out petrol engines.
that are composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer. To make the tubes, the researchers start by dipping a rod-shaped cylindrical template in a bath of liquid PDMS.
gravity pulls much of the gelling elastomer down to the underside of the template, making the coating thinner on top and thicker on the bottom.
which is a compound of transition metal niobium and phosphorus, dramatically increases its resistance in a magnetic field.
and threads of metal soldered onto the surface) to exploit a phenomenon known as magnetoresistance to develop a high electric resistance,
the secondary component of the ink (used as a binder) is a biocompatible, biodegradable and hyperelastic polyester (PLG) that,
The ability to tune the elasticity of the material at will could prove important in manufacturing biomedical polymers that can,
In its present form, the dispenser is made mainly from a"super-tough steel alloy, "and can hold up to 60 tablets at once.
and had no toxic effects on living cells in the lab. The team also discovered that mixing the gel with silica nanoparticles gave it the ability to more effectively prevent bleeding,
super-luminescent hybrid crystal that they say will enable new records in power-to-light conversion efficiencies.
To create the crystal researchers in The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer engineering had to come up with a way to incorporate highly luminescent colloidal quantum dot nanoparticles into perovskite.
then grew the perovskite crystal around that shell so the two faces aligned, "said Dr. Zhijun Ning,
"When you try to jam two different crystals together, they often form separate phases without blending smoothly into each other,
"The resultant form is colored a black crystal whose light production depends on the perovskite matrix's ability to guide electrons into the quantum dots,
the researchers have designed also specifically their new crystal material to be suitable for use in solution-processing (that is the use of chemical deposition in a solution),
The device was assembled by taking a crystal of indium arsenide and placing 12 indium atoms laid out in a hexagonal shape on top of it, with a phthalocyanine molecule in the middle.
the central molecule is only weakly bound to the crystal surface beneath it, and this means that,
single electrons can tunnel between the surface of the crystal and the tip of the microscope.
so a North carolina State university team is developing a new lightweight shielding based on foam metals that can block X-rays, gamma rays,
foam metals have been around for over a century. In its simplest form a foam is made by bubbling a gas through molten metal to form a light froth that cools into a lightweight matrix.
This produces a foam that is lighter than conventional metals, but has comparable strength. Foams can also be made by milling or 3d printing,
but whatever the method, they are expensive and difficult to manufacture, so their uses are restricted to very specialized applications, such as spacecraft or advanced cooling systems.
The new foam metal being developed by the NC State team led by Afsaneh Rabiei, a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, was created originally as a strong,
The result was a high-Z steel-steel foam, which is made a composite of stainless steel with small amount of tungsten formed into hollow spheres
and introduced into the steel matrix to make a foam that was less dense than stainless steel.
According to the team, the foam metal was subjected to multiple tests, which showed that it was effective in blocking X-rays, various forms of higher and lower energy gamma rays, and neutron radiation.
Compared against bulk materials it demonstrated the same shielding properties for high-energy gamma rays, though its density was lower.
which is a metal alloy of nickel and titanium that can be moulded at a set curvature.
#Synthetic material mimics coral's ocean-cleaning attributes Researchers from China's Anhui Jianzhu University have developed a synthetic substance that mimics coral's ability to collect harmful heavy metals from water.
and even low levels of heavy metals can prove fatal. While this attribute is unfortunate for the coral,
the word changed from blue to red. a plastic dish imprinted with BMP-2 proteins that stimulate bone growth to control the direction of tissue growth. sodium ampicillin printed on a bacterial culture printed to test the effectiveness of a topographical distribution of the antibiotic
A substance called magnetite that lies within the zircon crystals contains information about the magnetic field record at the time the minerals cooled from their molten state a process that took over a billion years.
That coated metal foil then has to be dried in a series of ovens, before it sent off for further processing,
but hey had to have so much plastic to make that process possible, by the time theye done, they have a ton of inactive material,
By placing a positive or negative electrical voltage across the interface between the liquid metal and an electrolyte,
they found that they could cause the liquid metal to spread (flow into a capillary)
and radiation pattern. sing a liquid metal such as eutectic gallium and indium that can change its shape allows us to modify antenna properties such as frequency more dramatically than is possible with a fixed conductor,
The positive voltage lectrochemically deposits an oxide on the surface of the metal that lowers the surface tension,
These differences in surface tension dictate which direction the metal will flow. This advance makes it possible to emove
or regenerate enough of the xide skinwith an applied voltage to make the liquid metal flow into or out of the capillary.
which is much like an electrochemical pump for the liquid metal, Adams noted. Although antenna properties can be reconfigured to some extent by using solid conductors with electronic switches,
the liquid metal approach greatly increases the range over which the antenna operating frequency can be tuned. ur antenna prototype using liquid metal can tune over a range of at least two times greater than systems using electronic switches,
he pointed out. Previous liquid-metal designs typically required external pumps that can be integrated easily into electronic systems.
Liquid metal systems ield a larger range of tuning than conventional reconfigurable antennas, and the same approach can be applied to other components such as tunable filters,
In the long term, Adams and colleagues hope to gain greater control of the shape of the liquid metal in two-dimensional surfaces to obtain nearly any desired antenna shape. his would enable enormous flexibility in the electromagnetic properties of the antenna
and you get a fabric with 100 times the strength of reinforced steel but that is as soft and flexible as the most comfortable fabrics.
Still, Silicon valley is betting that Bolt silk could supplant petroleum-based textiles such as polyester, Lycra,
The conducting elastomers can be fabricated in diameters ranging from the very small about 150 microns
If crash helmets could self heal their durability could be increased massively (AFP/Getty) His team specialises in modifying carbon fibre composite materials,
Sports equipment such as golf clubs are made often from carbon fibre composites (Getty) Laboratory tests have established that the material is
at a elatively low costthe Bristol team advances could be applied to all kinds of carbon fibre composite materials meaning that self-healing golf clubs, tennis racquets,
when researchers at the University of Illinois in the US created a plastic capable of repairing itself
Last year, the same team created a polymer, inspired by the human blood-clotting system, which patched holes up to 3cm wide.
as they are damaged often by bird strikes (AFP/Getty) Professor Wass team at the University of Bristol has been focusing on the creation of self-healing versions of carbon fibre composite materials,
*The Airbus a380 passenger jet has a carbon fibre reinforced plastic fuselage for a lower fuel consumption. The researchers claim the new technology would allow wings to fix themselves in mid-flight,
*Sports equipment such as tennis racquets, fishing rods and golf clubs are made often from carbon fibre composites for the same reasons i
The composites they tested showed elasticity and stiffness comparable to knee-joint tissue, as well as the ability to support the growth
The secret ingredient in Shah ink is a mix of biocompatible elastomer and fast-evaporating solvents.
we render these capsules stimuli-responsive by incorporating gold nanorods into the polymer shell, allowing for highly selective photothermal rupture
which are supported by a steel frame. Natural gas on one side of the cell, and air on the other, says Rogers,
and encased in a sphere of silica and a polymer. The researchers'method of making the stars ensures that all of the particles are nearly identical
which lasers harden layers of liquid plastic, or resin, into three-dimensional shapes. This technique sets OWL's printers apart from other 3d printers on the market, such as Makerbot's Replicator or the Ultimaker 2, that use a process known as fused deposition modeling (FDM), not SLA.
In FDM, heated plastic is released layer by layer onto a platform to create a 3d object
The company's 3d printers have two extruders one that prints in conventional plastic filaments and another that squirts out highly conductive ink."
The flying toy was built in layers the structure of the device was printed in plastic with cavities carved out for the control logic board and the motors.
(which takes the place of wires) on top of the plastic, connecting these electrical components. The ink,
The electronics that ecoatm reclaims can be mined for the valuable and rare metals they contain.
and features a large blue-hued crystal embedded with sensors. Customers can buy a pendant necklace
"The clear crystal version of the Shine can't absorb quite as much light as the blue version,
and it is nearly impossible for these printers to produce semiconductors or single crystalline metals,
springy metal interconnect coils and antennas for soft electronic devices designed to integrate with the human body,
a form of carbon famous for being stronger than steel and more conductive than copper, can add another wonder to the list:
When billions of these spores were glued together on several plastic tapes called HYDRAS (hygroscopic-driven artificial muscles),
Yet-Ming Chiang, the Kyocera Professor of Ceramics at MIT, was of the view that the existing technology is not perfect
#Polymide aerogel combines toughness with light weight Claimed to be the first commercially available polyimide aerogel,
and toughness properties of plastic films with the insulation properties of aerogels, says Blueshift International Materials.
The 100%polyimide polymer construction eliminates dusting and the requirement for dangerous handling protocols, making it clean and safe.
and density is approximately 85%lower than traditional polyimides. It is provided in rolls up to 3ft wide and in varying lengths,
The energy-damping bellow is extruded using a Dupont Hytrel TPC-ET polyester thermoplastic elastomer with a tensile elastomer element made of a soft material with lower stiffness to deliver a low force response to the system.
This electron microscope image shows tiny nanoparticles of bismuth ferrite embedded in a polymer film. The film enhances the unique electric and magnetic properties of bismuth ferrite and preserves these properties even when bent.
The researchers describe the film in a paper published in Applied Physics Letters AIP Publishing.
and embedding them in flexible plastics. A team of physicists and engineers from South korea took the conventional approach of flexible design
and embed them in flexible plastics. The team used bismuth ferrite (Bifeo3. This material's electronic properties can be controlled by a magnetic field.
The researchers synthesized nanoparticles of bismuth ferrite and mixed them into a polymer solution. The solution was dried in a series of steps at increasing temperatures to produce a thin flexible film.
When the researchers tested the electric and magnetic properties of the film they found that their new material not only preserved
but improved the properties of bulk bismuth ferrite. Furthermore the improved properties remained even as the film was curved into a cylindrical shape.
Bulk bismuth ferrite has crucial problems for some applications such as a high leakage current which hinders the strong electric properties said Youngpak Lee a professor at Hanyang University in Seoul South korea.
Mixing nanoparticles of bismuth ferrite into a polymer improved the current-leakage problem and also gave the film flexible stretchable properties.
Multi-ferroric materials such as this could be used in high-density energy efficient memory and switches in wearable devices.
They also tested different shaped devices made out of glass, polystyrene, stainless steel, and polycaprolactone, a polyester, showing that the shape matters as well as the size e
#Injectable Hydrogel Material Serves as Scaffold to Heal Wounds At UCLA researchers have designed an injectable hydrogel scaffold that promotes wound healing by serving as a 3d platform within which new tissue can grow.
The corticosteroid DEX, a powerful ameliorator of inflammation, was released from the polymer by external application of an electromagnetic field for 2 h/day for a week.
and is particularly difficult for young children that don understand the purpose of it All the new technology relies on a special silica glass that has ions throughout that fluoresce in infrared in response to laser light.
and the chipsclear polymer allows scientists to watch the small-scale biological processes in real time. he organs-on-chips allow us to see biological mechanisms
In its current prototype, the elongated cone is made from a composite of fiberglass and carbon fiber,
The shortcoming of conventional honeycombs is that they lose their full protective properties after only one impact due to plastic buckling of the material.
He assembles sandwiches of graphene and boron nitride with various horizontal orientations.""The tricks we would use were making cleaner devices,
and hexagonal boron nitride created a unique bandgap in graphene, which could be a precursor to developing the material for functional transistors.
Hofstadter butterfly Graphene and boron nitride layers each have arranged atoms in a hexagonal, or six-sided, pattern.
When the lattice arrangement of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride layers are aligned closely, and the samples are exposed to a large out-of-plane magnetic field,
the graphene has to be aligned very closely to hexagonal boron nitride. When it's closely aligned,
"Gong and her students also have been based studying bio polymers for more than a decade. CNF offers many benefits over current chip substrates, she says."
"The advantage of CNF over other polymers is that it's a bio-based material and most other polymers are based petroleum polymers.
"And, compared to other polymers, CNF actually has a relatively low thermal expansion coefficient.""The group's work also demonstrates a more environmentally friendly process that showed performance similar to existing chips.
Scientists used revolutionary nanotechnology to work on small polymer layers inside implants which measure between 1 and 100 nanometers (nm) a human hair is approximately 100,
the risk of deep bone infection is reduced substantially. ur research shows that applying small quantities of antibiotic to a surface between the polymer layers
A number of crystals produce this effect, called frequency doubling or harmonic generation, to various degrees.
The strongest frequency doubler previously known is the synthetic crystal beta barium borate, but the nano-spirals produce four times more blue light per unit volume.
Because of the tiny quantities of metal actually used, they can be made inexpensively out of precious metals,
and energy to move around until it found its preferred spot in the metal crystalline structure.
the highest strengths ever measured in that crystal structure of metal so theye going to be attractive to use in all sorts of devices
Nanofibers-polymer filaments only a couple of hundred nanometers in diameter have a huge range of potential applications, from solar cells to water filtration to fuel cells.
a polymer solution is pumped through a small nozzle, and then a strong electric field stretches it out.
The cones are dipped in a polymer solution, and the electric field causes the solution to travel to the top of the cones,
and a dissolved polymer. When an electrode is mounted opposite the sawteeth and a voltage applied between them,
the water-ethanol mixture streams upward, dragging chains of polymer with it. The water and ethanol quickly dissolve, leaving a tangle of polymer filaments opposite each emitter, on the electrode.
The researchers were able to pack 225 emitters, several millimeters long, on a square chip about 35 millimeters on a side.
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