#Tiny metal illarssurvive 1, 100 degrees Celsius Scientists have produced a thin film out of a new class of metal alloys that can survive very high temperatures and extreme pressures.
Following heat treatment, micropillars made of the alloy perform significantly better in terms of strength and ductility than those made of pure tungsten.
This is despite the fact that the high-entropy alloy melting point is significantly lower than that of pure tungsten (around 2, 900 versus 3, 400 degrees Celsius.
The special feature of the alloy is that these individual crystals are tinyhis is referred to as a nanocrystalline material. lthough nanocrystalline materials have many desirable properties,
the alloy ability to withstand extreme temperatures may be related to the relatively disordered atomic distribution of the elements inside the material.
In particular, the researchers suspect that the disorder at the internal boundary surfaces of individual crystals in high-entropy alloys means the crystals tend to grow less than in other materials when heated.
That alloy is a shape-memory material this means that although it will stay in a shape that it's been bent into
#Snake skin-inspired steel could lead to better hard drives and more When it comes to human phobias,
With a fiber laser, they milled scales into a steel bolt of 8 mm in diameter.
With that in mind, researchers at KIT milled scales into a steel bolt 8 mm in diameter using a fiber laser.
Both designs were tested on lubricated (steel) and unlubricated (sapphire) contacts. For lubricated conditions, the untextured surface generated the least amount of friction
even with hard materials like steel and sapphire, it shows that scale-like texturing has potential application for dry-contact devices and/or environments that benefit from low friction and high wear resistance c
and the limited visibility that comes with being wrapped in a mobile fortress of ceramic and steel.
The little black bundles, framed by stainless steel, were promised to anyone who donated#50 or more.
because the alloys would melt. Already, today engines employ elaborate cooling mechanisms that divert air for cooling that otherwise would be used to power the plane.
"The key to the method and what makes it so innovative is the use of nanotechnology to micromanage at the tiniest of scales the construction of their metal alloys, layer by layer.
They can also be made stronger and lighter than steel, and resistant to temperature changes too. For example, the Defense department has approached the company with interest in the development of new armor that is both bulletproof and light enough to wear.
Ballantine's added a Rose gold mouthpiece to retain what it describes as"that evocative, cold touch on your lip as you drink."
#New ultra-strong, lightweight aluminum-steel alloy invented that rivals titanium Old-fashioned steel has been one of the most reliable and ubiquitous building materials for centuries,
so it might seem a bit outmoded to talk of a steel breakthrough. But researchers at Pohang University of Science and Technology in South korea may have made steel cool again, not to mention stronger and lighter, reports Popular Mechanics.
The researchers have devised a method for creating an aluminum-steel alloy that is more flexible, lightweight and stronger than any kind of steel ever made before.
This isn't the first time anyone has thought to add aluminum to the steel mix. Back in the 1970's
Soviet scientists recognized that by blending steel and aluminum they could forge an ultra-strong, lightweight metal,
but these advantages were always superseded by one major drawback: it was incredibly brittle. When significant force was applied,
it always broke rather than bent. The problem was that when you fuse aluminum and iron atoms together,
which are what make the aluminum-steel alloys so brittle. No one had ever found a way around this problem, until now.
if the B2 crystals could be dispersed properly throughout the steel, the surrounding alloy could insulate them from splintering."
"My original idea was that if I could somehow induce the formation of these B2 crystals,
I might be able to disperse them in the steel, "explained Kim. It's not as simple as it sounds.
and thinly rolling their steel in repeated attempts to control when and where B2 crystals were formed.
The result of all this work is a viable aluminum-steel alloy that is 13 percent less dense compared to normal steel,
and with a comparable strength-to-weight ratio compared to titanium alloys. That's significant,
and it could make aluminum-steel alloy the building material of the future.""Because of its lightness, our steel may find many applications in automotive
and aircraft manufacturing,"said Kim m
#How to save soldiers'lives with fizz One of the biggest challenges for medics on the battlefield is treating blood loss,
It is stronger than steel yet many times lighter more conductive than copper and more flexible than rubber.
Electrodes that so far have been used are made of very expensive elements such as platinum or platinum-iridium alloys.
Related to these goals, we are developing approaches to inject and print gallium-based liquid metal alloys into varied materials for stretchable and reconfigurable electronics.
the Wright-Patterson team has turned to liquid gallium alloys as an electrical interconnect material, Leever says."
"While these liquid alloys typically oxidize within minutes and become essentially useless, "he says, "the team has been able to dramatically reduce the effects of the oxidation through the use of ionic species confined to the walls of microvascular channels within the flexible substrates."
Research paves the way for alloys that are 3x stronger than steel yet bend like gum Abstract:
Metallic glass alloys, however, have disordered a highly structure, with the atoms arranged in a non-regular way."
But until now, discovering alloy compositions that form these materials has required a lengthy process of trial and error in the laboratory,
They have used their model to successfully predict more than 200 new metallic glass alloys based on magnesium
"Metallic glass alloys are expensive to manufacture and to date have only been used in niche products,
Despite the high performance of metallic implants, including titanium and its alloys, in human body, the relatively weak corrosion resistance of the implants in the body and their inappropriate compatibility has resulted in a great challenge in the application of metallic alloys.
Therefore, Iranian researchers studied a type of composite nanocoating to obtain modified properties of biomaterials to be used in human body.
#Single atom alloy platinum-copper catalysts cut costs, boost green technology: New generation of catalysts demonstrated for selective hydrogenation of butadiene Abstract:
We call such materials single atom alloys, "said Sykes. The Tufts chemists used a specialized low temperature scanning tunneling microscope to visualize the single platinum atoms and their interaction with hydrogen."
such as platinum-copper single atom alloy nanoparticles supported on an alumina substrate, and then tested them under industrial pressure and temperatures."
Together we embarked on a new direction involving single atom alloys as catalysts for selective hydrogenation reactions.
"Sykes and Flytzani-Stephanopoulos have used this approach to design a variety of single atom alloy catalysts that have,
and properties of single atom alloy surfaces and then applied this knowledge to develop a working catalyst.
Additionally, ZDDP does not work as well on the lightweight engine materials eyed as potential replacements for steels."
and quickly wear down due to very high local stresses through direct steel-on-steel contacts. The resulting debris can further increase the friction between the surfaces
"The film that grows is not as stiff as the steel. When you push on a stiff surface,
and the Center for Mechatronics and Automation Technology (Zema) is using a new technology based on the shape memory properties of nickel-titanium alloy.
Shape-memory alloy (SMA) wires offer significant advantages over other techniques, says Stefan Seelecke. Up until now, artificial hands,
The team's work is the first demonstration that shows elastocaloric materials such as a nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy can be loaded cyclically
Tuek and colleagues also stabilized the Ni-Ti alloy to ensure a reproducible effect, which is crucial for practical applications,
and created a uniform elastocaloric effect for the alloy. While heat pumps, air conditioners and refrigerators are most likely to benefit from elastocaloric technology,
In actual alloy nanowires though, atoms of the same element might cluster together to form short sections composed of the same elements.
"Their results suggest that heat conduction in a nanowire does not just depend on the relative concentrations of the alloy atoms and the difference in their masses;
high-frequency phonons could travel much further than the average length of the ordered regions in the alloy.
In contrast, a random distribution of alloy atoms resulted in a higher resistance over triple that of the ordered case for a 2. 5-micrometer-long wire.
or Antimony-Telluride (Sb2te3) alloys and had a peak efficiency (zt) of 1. 1, meaning the electricity going in was only slightly less than the heat coming out.
Since the 1960's there have been incremental advancements in alloy technology used in Peltier devices.
and Materials science department at California Institute of technology California, USA have formulated a new method for creating a novel and much more efficient TE alloy.
TE alloys are special because the metals have an incredibly high melting point. Instead of melting the metals to fuse them,
which combined all three antimony, bismuth and telluride granules into one alloy (Bi0. 5sb1. 5te3).
Additional melted tellurium was used as the liquid between the Bi0. 5sb1. 5te3 granules to help fuse them into a solid alloy,
Institute for Basic Science) By creating the alloy this way, the joints between the fused grains,
This new thermoelectric alloy paves the way for the future of modern TE devices s
but lets water through (Nanowerk News) The unassuming piece of stainless steel mesh in a lab at The Ohio State university doesn't look like a very big deal,
They sprayed a fine dusting of silica nanoparticles onto the stainless steel mesh to create a randomly bumpy surface
and stainless steel are all nontoxic and relatively inexpensive, said Brown. He estimated that a larger mesh net could be created for less than a dollar per square foot.
It is stronger than steel yet many times lighter more conductive than copper and more flexible than rubber.
"The findings reveal a unique model that enables fast and accurate prediction of novel alloy materials for efficient chemical conversions.
thus allowing arge scale exploration alloy materials space, according to their article. They specifically concentrated on the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide on metal electrodes ecause of the current interest in this process for sustainable production of fuels and value added chemicals,
Metallic glass alloys, however, have disordered a highly structure, with the atoms arranged in a non-regular way."
But until now, discovering alloy compositions that form these materials has required a lengthy process of trial and error in the laboratory,
They have used their model to successfully predict more than 200 new metallic glass alloys based on magnesium
"Metallic glass alloys are expensive to manufacture and to date have only been used in niche products,
#Super-slick material makes steel better, stronger, cleaner Steel is ubiquitous in our daily lives.
We cook in stainless steel skillets, ride steel subway cars over steel rails to our offices in steel-framed building.
Steel screws hold together broken bones, steel braces straighten crooked teeth, steel scalpels remove tumors.
Most of the goods we consume are delivered by ships and trucks mostly built of steel.
While various grades of steel have been developed over the past 50 years, steel surfaces have remained largely unchanged--and unimproved.
The steel of today is as prone as ever to the corrosive effects of water and salt and abrasive materials such as sand.
Steel surgical tools can still carry microorganisms that cause deadly infections. Now researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS) have demonstrated a way to make steel stronger, safer and more durable.
Their new surface coating, made from rough nanoporous tungsten oxide, is the most durable antifouling and anti-corrosive material to date,
capable of repelling any kind of liquid even after sustaining intense structural abuse. The new material joins the portfolio of other nonstick,
antifouling materials developed in the lab of Joanna Aizenberg, the Amy Smith Berylson Professor of Materials science and core faculty member of the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard university.
Aizenberg's team developed Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces in 2011 and since then has demonstrated a broad range of applications for the super-slick coating, known as SLIPS.
The new SLIPS-enhanced steel is described in Nature Communications("Extremely durable biofouling-resistant metallic surfaces based on electrodeposited nanoporous tungstite films on steel"."
""Our slippery steel is orders of magnitude more durable than any antifouling material that has been developed before,
"said Aizenberg.""So far, these two concepts-mechanical durability and antifouling-were at odds with each other.
The biggest challenge in the development of this surface was to figure out how to structure steel to ensure its antifouling capability without mechanical degradation.
The team solved this by using an electrochemical technique to grow an ultrathin film of hundreds of thousands of small and rough tungsten-oxide islands directly onto a steel surface."
"Electrochemical deposition is already a widely used technique in steel manufacturing, said Aizenberg.""I don't want to create another line that would cost millions
The team tested the material by scratching it with stainless steel tweezers, screwdrivers, diamond-tipped scribers,
and show anti-biofouling behavior but the tungsten oxide actually made the steel stronger than steel without the coating.
Medical steel devices are one of the material's most promising applications, said Philseok Kim,
and bile from a cow stomach brewed in a brass cauldron and let sit for nine days before use. take cropleek and garlic,
let it stand nine days in the brass vessel, wring out through a cloth and clear it well,
and movement/fusion of gallium alloy droplets (e). Tsinghua University scientists led by Jing Liu, have discovered a'smart'liquid metal alloy that moves on its own.
The liquid metal is a mixture of gallium, indium and tin. It stays liquid at temperatures above-2 degrees Fahrenheit(-19 Celsius),
In 2014, both Tsinghua University and North carolina State university discovered that applying electrical currents to gallium alloys (like the liquid metal) would allow for controlled shape-shifiting in the metal
including power generation, iron and steel, and chemicals. Regional cap-and-trade programs already exist in China.
and focussed on a steel pipeline carrying a eat transfer solution (HTF) that is warmed to 393c as it snakes along the trough before coiling into a heat engine.
take down scaffolding and wrap rockwool insulation around steel pipelines. They bustle past in yellow and orange bibs,
and safety protection as a frame made out of steel, "said Brad Balzer, the lead designer on the project.
By using carbon fiber instead of steel or aluminum for the body, the entire vehicle only weighs 1400 pounds (635kg),
"It stores data using the same material that found in rewritable CDS and DVDS-a phase-change alloy of germanium-antimony-tellurium known as GST."
#Scientists figure out how to make flexible materials 3 times stronger than steel Australian scientists have published an'instruction manual'that makes it a whole lot easier and cheaper to create metallic glass-a type of flexible
but ultra-tough alloy that's been described as"the most significant materials science innovation since plastic".
but when it cools it's three times stronger than steel. Researchers have been dabbling with the creation of metallic glass-or amorphous metal-for decades,
"Until now, discovering alloy compositions that form these materials has required a lengthy process of trial and error in the laboratory,
Metallic glass alloys, on the other hand, have disordered a highly structure, with their atoms arranged irregularly. The new model,
the UNSW researchers have predicted already successfully more than 200 new metallic glass alloys based on magnesium, silver,
What's really exciting about it is that it might finally make the bulk production of these awesome materials commercially viable. etallic glass alloys are expensive to manufacture
or Antimony-Telluride (Sb2te3) alloys and had a peak efficiency (zt) of 1. 1, meaning the electricity going in was only slightly less than the heat coming out.
Since the 1960's there have been incremental advancements in alloy technology used in Peltier devices.
and Materials science department at California Institute of technology California, USA have formulated a new method for creating a novel and much more efficient TE alloy.
TE alloys are special because the metals have an incredibly high melting point. Instead of melting the metals to fuse them,
which combined all three antimony, bismuth and telluride granules into one alloy (Bi0. 5sb1. 5te3).
Additional melted tellurium was used as the liquid between the Bi0. 5sb1. 5te3 granules to help fuse them into a solid alloy,
By creating the alloy this way, the joints between the fused grains, also known as the grain boundaries, took on a special property.
This new thermoelectric alloy paves the way for the future of modern TE devices s
Initially working with Lew Meixler on a federal Cooperative Research and development Agreement in the Plasma Surface Laboratory, she solved the problem by treating the metal (steel or titanium) with a plasma.
#Efficient method of producing metallic nanoparticles VTT's aerosol technology reactor for nanoparticle production can generate a variety of pure metal particles, particles of various alloys and carbon-coated particles.
wind turbines Karl A. Gschneidner and fellow scientists at the U s. Department of energy's Ames Laboratory have created a new magnetic alloy that is an alternative to traditional rare-earth permanent magnets.
The new alloy--a potential replacement for high-performance permanent magnets found in automobile engines and wind turbines--eliminates the use of one of the scarcest and costliest rare earth elements, dysprosium,
The result, an alloy of neodymium, iron and boron co-doped with cerium and cobalt
and Mahmud Khan (now at Miami University) demonstrated that the cerium-containing alloy's intrinsic coercivity--the ability of a magnetic material to resist demagnetization--far exceeds that of dysprosium-containing magnets at high temperatures.
which an alloy loses its permanent magnet properties. But the research team discovered that co-doping with cobalt allowed them to substitute cerium for dysprosium without losing desired magnetic properties.
It's a lot like attaching a drop of solder on the string of a guitar--it changes its vibration frequency and also its tone."
"And it can stick tightly to stainless steel, even when the surgical instrument is cleaned.""As a result, he said,
Graphene, roughly 200 times stronger than steel by weight, is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb pattern.
Graphene, roughly 200 times stronger than steel by weight, is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb pattern.
including brain tissue from surgical steel. Cleaning instruments between patients is critical to avoid transmission of agents leading to conditions such as Creutzfeldt-jakob disease.
polymer coated nickel-titanium (nitinol) alloy stent frame specially designed to prevent leakage. To implant the device,
multicomponent alloys that are constructed at the nano scale within a limited number of alloy systems.
In the new paper, Schroers demonstrates a method for applying metallic glass nanostructures to a broad range of glass-forming alloys.
and composition of alloys at the nanoscale. ontrolling size and reaching the smallest 10 nanometer dimensions 1/10,
and realize all this in a very wide range of alloys. Expanding the chemistries of metallic glass also expands the possible uses for the materials,
It a lot like attaching a drop of solder on the string of a guitar it changes its vibration frequency
such as extraordinary strength (it is about 200 times stronger than steel by weight), almost transparent nature and conductivity of heat and electricity with great efficiency.
The results, published in the journal Bioinspiration and Biomimetics, describe the array as consisting of five superelastic wires made from nitinol, an alloy of nickel and titanium.
and make steel? In the new study, the researchers have shown how to alter the behaviour of nonmagnetic materials by removing some electrons using an interface coated with a thin layer of the carbon molecule C60,
and antifouling Researchers from the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS) have developed a new coating for steel,
The coating is applied using an electrochemical technique that deposits an ultrathin film of tungsten oxide islands on to the steel.
and the steel retains both its durability and its antifouling properties. During testing, the team scratched the material with stainless steel tweezers, screwdrivers, diamond-tipped scribers
and pummeled it with hundreds of thousands of hard, heavy beads. A variety of liquids was applied then to the material to test its repellency,
with the tungsten oxide actually making the steel stronger than steel without the coating. It is claimed the material could have a wide range of applications,
Historically platinum and its alloys have frequently been used as anodic and cathodic catalysts in fuel cells
The explanation for the very high efficiency is the unique morphology of the alloy It is neither a homogeneous alloy nor a fully segregated two-phase system but rather something in between.
By advanced experimental and theoretical investigations the researchers show that the alloy is composed of metallic Pd-islands embedded in the Pd-W alloy.
Metal alloys help make orthopedic implants stronger and more durable. But people with sensitivity to these metals which include nickel cobalt
An important material used in their construction is electrical steel. Researchers have found a way to improve the performance of electrical steel
and manufacture it more efficiently using an optimized laser process. Transformers convert the standard voltage from the wall outlet into the lower voltages required by electronic devices.
To minimize the energy loss associated with this process special types of iron-silicon alloy known as electrical steel are used to make the core.
In their native state these alloys have a grainoriented structure which determines their magnetic properties.
which in turn alters the magnetic structure of the steel. This results in a lower heat development and thus reduces the material's hysteresis loss says Dr. Andreas Wetzig who heads the laser ablation
While the steel sheet measuring around one meter in width moves forward at a rate of more than 100 meters per minute a focused laser beam travels at very high speed (approximately 200 meters per second) from side to side
In a further effort to reduce hysteresis loss in electrical steel the researchers have started recently working with a new type of solid-state laser:
that of expanding the applications of their technology to electrical steel for engine components. However unlike transformer steel these materials do not have oriented a grain structure
and therefore possess different magnetic properties. This means that we cannot transfer our process one-to-one without modification explains Wetzig.
The benefits of laser processing in the case of non-grain-oriented electrical steel vary according to the working point of the specific engine or motor.
#Analyzing gold and steel--rapidly, precisely Optical emission spectrometers are used widely in the steel industry but the instruments currently employed are relatively large and bulky.
But goldsmiths are not the only users of these instruments the tools are more frequently found in steel foundries
and car factories where they help engineers to determine the characteristics of steel materials analyze their chemical composition
In order to analyze a piece of steel for example it has to generate sparks at regular intervals.
which it is possible to derive information on the composition of the steel sample. Experts refer to this result as a space-resolved measurement.
#How metallic alloys reorganize during microscale laser melting processes: Elements of successful connections High-power lasers that can selectively cut
Researchers investigating the feasibility of 3d printed implant materials often turn to magnesium-aluminum (Mg-Al) alloys
Recently, the A*STAR team demonstrated that laser surface melting of these alloys enhances their corrosion resistance as a result of a notable enhancement in the surface concentration of aluminum.
however, to make the link between the initial alloy composition and the final product after laser processing,
which molten alloy elements are ejected into the laser plume. They positioned a thin silicon substrate perpendicular to a Mg-Al-based alloy a few millimeters from the laser firing point.
Laser pulses then generated a plume that deposited onto the silicon surface. When the researchers used a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to examine the deposits,
such as an alloy of gallium and indium, combined with an electrolyte could cause the liquid metal to spread
it a hoto batterywhere the anode itself is made of titanium nitride and ambient light. Under artificial light, this prototype battery has a capacity of 77.8 mah/g. Itl quite happily power a small fan or LED light for about 30 seconds,
But now scientists say theye overcome that problem The heart of the new device is a sheet only nanometers thick made of a semiconducting alloy of zinc, cadmium, sulfur, and selenium.
The researchers grew this alloy in stages, carefully varying the temperature and other growth conditions over time.
It mounted on a thick steel post, and equipped with a tracking mechanism that continuously points it at the sun. The slab is made of over 100,000 small lenses
and the large amount of steel and concrete needed to keep the apparatus steady makes the approach expensive.
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