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Those fitted with magnetometers like the ones that provide your smartphone compass will transmit data about the Earth magnetic field.
#Earlier this year, for example, China's space agency said it launched three satellites to clean up space debris orbiting the Earth:
Jet-rocket hybrideventually, mankind will see long distance travel-London to Sydney, for example-taking place outside the Earth's atmosphere.
The early space systems will probably involve gliding back to Earth #which may mean our airports will have to be redesigned to make them useable by these different designs.
One shot onlycurrently due for launch in 2018, the JWST will be stationed 1 million miles (1. 5 million km) from Earth#some five times further away from us than the Moon.
Most are much bigger than Earth and almost certainly Jupiter-like gas giants, making making them quite unlikely for hosting life.
which made it impossible to send any data back to Earth. In June 2013, The french Space agency announced it would switch the satellite off
a planet has to be similar to Earth in size, rocky, and located in the so-called Goldilocks zone#an area of space around a parent star that is not too cold or too hot,
"With the E-ELT, we believe that we will be able to directly see exoplanets similar to Earth out to a distance of about 20 light years,
they would be receiving light from Earth from today. To them, Armazones would still look intact.
it spotted the first exoplanet to be observed directly, 2m1207b, approximately 170 light-years from Earth in the constellation Centaurus.
The technology corrects for the blurriness caused by turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere that makes stars twinkle
The Hubble space telescope has been circling Earth since 1990 and has spotted a few planets #and also helped determine what some extra-solar worlds are made probably of.
which will allow it to"probe down to smaller planetary sizes than Hubble, to roughly two-to-three times larger than Earth,
whether these extra-solar worlds are so-called"super-Earths##rocky planets that could potentially be habitable#or miniature versions of Neptune,
and dubbed Corot-7b had a rocky surface and a mass only five times of our Earth.
to determine whether they are super-earths or micro-Neptunes.""The big ground-based telescopes can work with it
#But to really find a habitable Earth-twin orbiting a star just like our Sun,
The catalysts are cheap, earth-abundant materials and form by self-assembly, which should make manufacture cheaper.
The collected data will be made available through the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS. New technologies and approaches to water management are being tested
This has led already to a sharp increase in price for rare-earth metals (such as Neodymium (Nd),
Considering the resource distribution of rare-earth metals, European car manufactures have to face the problem of restrictive and vulnerable supply chains for rare earth metals
and then combining them to detect sub-centimetre-scale height differences on the Earth surface.
DORIS has proved it can record Earth movements and deformation over time. he ability to construct long time series,
As it user friendly and doesn cost the earth, this could really change the way we farm
The discovery reported in the journal Science lends weight to the idea that biologically crucial molecules like amino acids that are commonly found in meteorites are produced early in the process of star formation even before planets such as Earth are formed.
The goal is to find ways to produce some of the world s largest-volume chemicals from a sustainable carbon source that the Earth not only has in excess
#Material snags CO2 from natural gas Rice university rightoriginal Studyposted by Mike Williams-Rice on June 9 2014scientists have created an Earth-friendly way to separate carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas from natural gas right
#Exoplanet weather forecast calls for clouds University of Chicago rightoriginal Studyposted by Steve Koppes-Chicago on December 31 2013a team of scientists report they have characterized definitively the atmosphere of a super-Earth class
which is known as GJ1214B is classified as a super-Earth type planet because its mass is intermediate between those of Earth and Neptune.
Recent searches for planets around other stars (xoplanets have shown that super-Earths like GJ 1214b are among the most common type of planets in the Milky way galaxy.
Because no such planets exist in our solar system the physical nature of super-Earths is largely unknown.
Previous studies of GJ 1214b yielded two possible interpretations of the planet s atmosphere. Its atmosphere could consist entirely of water vapor
and first author of the new paper. his advance lays the foundation for characterizing other Earths with similar techniques.?
GJ 1214b is located just 40 light-years from Earth in the direction of the constellation Ophiuchus.
Because of its proximity to our solar system and the small size of its host star GJ 1214b is the most easily observed super-Earth.
Models of super-Earth atmospheres predict clouds could be made out of potassium chloride or zinc sulfide at the scorching temperatures of 450 degrees Fahrenheit found on GJ 1214b. ou would expect very different kinds of clouds to form than you would expect say on Earthkreidberg says.
Gravitational lensing it has long been predicted can twist E modes into B modes as photons pass by galaxies and other massive objects on their way toward earth.
(or isotope) of argon we discovered in the crab nebulasays Gomez. e now know that it is different from argon we see in rocks on the Earth.
in the department of earth and planetary sciences at University of California Davis. Saying it was a ake-up callyin says the Chelyabinsk meteorite the largest strike
Based on viewing angles from videos of the fireball researchers calculated that the meteoroid entered Earth s atmosphere at just over 19 kilometers per second slightly faster than had previously been reported. ur meteoroid entry modeling showed that the impact was caused by a 20-meter sized
and isotopic analysis of the meteorites and Ken Verosub professor in the department of earth and planetary sciences measured the magnetic properties of metallic grains in the meteorite.
Chelyabinsk belonged to a bigger ubble pileasteroid that broke apart 1. 2 million years ago possibly in an earlier close encounter with Earth Jenniskens speculates.
and earth-abundant elements unlike compound semiconductor materials currently used in efficient thin-film solar cell technology. he research was supported by the Energy Commercialization Institute of Ben Franklin Technology Partners the Department of energy's Office of Basic Sciences
By contrast only approximately 0. 023 percent of the Earth s mass is water. Evidence for water outside our solar system has previously been found in the atmosphere of gas giants
These deep earthquakes occur in older and colder areas of the oceanic plate that gets pushed into the earth s mantle.
because seismologists could not find a seismic signal in the Earth that could confirm the results.
The ability to do such experiments allows scientists like Green to simulate the appropriate conditions within the Earth
and found the arthquakesonly within a narrow temperature range that simulates conditions where the real earthquakes occur in Earth. sing synchrotron X-rays to aid our observations we found that fractures nucleate at the onset of the olivine to spinel transitiongreen says. urther these fractures propagate dynamically
the massive elliptical galaxy NGC 4649 also called M60 about 54 million light years from Earth.
This would make the density of stars about 15000 times greater than that found in Earth's neighborhood in the Milky way. raveling from one star to another would be a lot easier in M60-UCD1 than it is in our galaxystrader says. ince the stars are so much closer in this galaxy
#Earth s inner core spins faster than rest of planet University of Leeds rightoriginal Studyposted by Ben Jones-U. Leeds on September 17 2013the Earth s
Although Edmund Halley who also discovered the famous comet showed the westward-drifting motion of the Earth s geomagnetic field in 1692 it is the first time that scientists have been able to link the way the inner core spins to the behavior of the outer core.
because it is responding to the Earth s geomagnetic field. The findings published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences help scientists to interpret the dynamics of the core of the Earth the source of our planet s magnetic field.
In the last few decades seismometers measuring earthquakes travelling through the Earth s core have identified an eastwards
or superrotation of the solid inner core relative to Earth s surface. he link is explained simply in terms of equal and opposite actionsays Philip Livermore of the School of Earth
and Environment at the University of Leeds. he magnetic field pushes eastwards on the inner core causing it to spin faster than the Earth
but it also pushes in the opposite direction in the liquid outer core which creates a westward motion. he solid iron inner core is about the size of the Moon.
The fact that the Earth s internal magnetic field changes slowly over a timescale of decades means that the electromagnetic force responsible for pushing the inner and outer cores will itself change over time.
The authors used a model of the Earth s core that was run on the giant supercomputer Monte Rosa part of The swiss National Supercomputing Centre in Lugano Switzerland.
Using a new method they were able to simulate the Earth s core with an accuracy about 100 times better than other models.
#Earth s wobble fixes food for ocean creatures Princeton university rightoriginal Studyposted by Catherine Zandonella-Princeton on September 16 2013the cyclic wobble of the Earth on its axis controls the production of ixednitrogen
and fell in a pattern that closely matched the changing orientation of Earth s axis of rotation or axial precession.
and arises because the Earth wobbles slightly as it rotates similar to the wobble of a toy top.
and geophysical sciences at Princeton university. y studying the response of nitrogen fixation to different environmental changes in the Earth s past we have found connections that may ensure that the ocean s fixed nitrogen level will always reboundsigman says. his suggests that an ocean over time has a relatively stable nutrient reservoir
a science fiction idea of a space elevator that could connect an orbiting satellite to Earth by a long cord that might consist of sheets of CVD graphene,
#Earth-friendly alternativewhile Roman concrete is durable it#s unlikely to replace modern concrete because it is not ideal for construction where faster hardening is needed.
But the researchers are now finding ways to apply their discoveries about Roman concrete to the development of more earth-friendly and durable modern concrete.
When this weather heads in the direction of Earth it can damage satellites endanger astronauts on the International space station and cause power grid outages on the ground.
Chances are the weather data you use to determine the answer comes from the roughly 20 satellites orbiting Earth that monitor weather systems.
Spire will have 20 satellites orbiting Earth by the end of this year, and at least 100 3. 5 years from now if all goes according to plan.
temperature and pressure the three main ingredients of weather forecasting of Earth atmosphere. The sensors are attached to satellites designed to only last a few years.
which is 50 million times weaker than the Earth's magnetic field.""By making an inexpensive system you could have one in every hospital to test for traumatic brain injuries
#NASA probe will reveal 3d architecture of forests from space NASA is developing a laser-based instrument for deployment on the International space station that will probe the depths of Earth's forests from space in a bid to reveal more about their role in the planet's carbon cycle.
After its completion in 2018, this Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) lidar will join the likes of the Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite in studying Earth's vegetation on a global scale."
"GEDI will be a tremendous new resource for studying Earth's vegetation, "said Piers Sellers, deputy director of the Sciences and Exploration Directorate at NASA'S GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER."
when combined with the historical record of changes captured by the U s. longstanding program of Earth-orbiting satellites, such as Landsat and MODIS."
and the other directed to earth, is connected by similar challenges, "says Carlos Ghosn, president and CEO of Nissan motor company."
Contrast that now to oil, black gold, one of the rarest of substances on the Planet Earth.
Oil is found perhaps in the most dangerous, volatile, unstable areas of the Planet Earth."
if there was any interruption at the earth station.####Aircraft can safely traverse the beam and tests have demonstrated that even the sensitive honeybee is unaffected,
Because electricity moves through the air as magnetic waves that are similar to the earth s magnetic waves,
The earth atmosphere is a far more elegant water distribution system than rivers, reservoirs, and underground waterways.
and video of Earth taken from afar. In announcing the deal Tuesday, Google#said#the buyout will help bolster Google maps by keeping the service accurate with up-to-date images.
Earth appetite for power continues to grow. Since the 1960s, power consumption has quadrupled around the globe,
and beaming it to earth has been around ever since Dr. Peter Glaser first proposed it in 1968.
neither the giant solar collectors in geosynchronous orbit nor the beaming microwaves, coming down to the island from 24,000 miles above Earth.
which will be closer to Earth, will experience more gravitational pull down toward the planet and less centrifugal force away from it,
the amount of sunlight that hits it varies greatly as the geosynchronous satellite and Earth spin.
#IBM creates a solar magnifying glass that could power the Earth IBM, the American multinational technology and consulting corporation are renowned the world over for being technology leaders
and reach across the most remote corners of earth. Although the total purchase sum was undisclosed,
The intention is to collect real-time, high-resolution images of the earth, and to bring greater depth
#Discovery of water-containing gem points to vast oceans beneath the Earth The Earth transition zone is the part of the Earth that exists between the upper and lower mantle.
there is water, possibly massive oceans of it, deep beneath the Earth surface. The tiny gem was an accidental find
exists deep within the Earth, at least 300 miles beneath its surface, in the transition zone.
Geologists believe that volcanic activity pushed this particular rock up to Earth surface. Having a piece of the Earth transition zone available,
geologists spent several years testing it. Their final results showed that the gem contained 1. 5 percent of its weight in water.
This discovery proves the theory that the Earth transition zone not only contains water but might also contain more water than every surface ocean combined.
Because it so difficult to dig a hole deep enough to reach even the upper mantle of the Earth
what we know about Earth and its composition o
#Controversy brews over use of autonomous killer robots in war People are promised their quality of life will improve with the advances of technology,
and recorded across hundreds of servers at all corners of the earth. Consultant Andreas M. Antonopoulos, echoing a 2012 white paper by software developer J. R. Willett,
The system then combines the field data with a diversity of public data from the National oceanic and atmospheric administration the National aeronautics and space administration and the U s. Geological Survey and private data from companies like Earth Networks.
U k. emissions from fossil fuel burning in 2010 were 494 million tons of CO2 said Pieter Tans of the U s. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Earth System Research Laboratory
and disappear back into Earth s environment. But bug parts break down in only a year or two.
The plant is set to be built by Abengoa SA (ABG) a Spanish company that offers global renewable energy solutions. his project will help prove the economic operation of concentrated solar power technology in the Earth sunbelt,
Powered by Landmark's Decisionspace next-generation earth modeling solution the workflow is unique to the industry in that it is capable of updating dynamically
What the work means for the carbon balance of the Earth is also not as obvious as it may seem.
whether the Earth's skies are dimming or brightening, how this affects the amount of sunlight reaching the planet's surface and what that means for climate change.
bacteria accounted for around 20%of all particles#biological and non-biological#a higher proportion than in the near-Earth atmosphere."
It took several minutes to fall to Earth, during which time it took a series of pictures of the Sun (see video).
Gisele Azimi and Adam T. Paxsona thin film made of a water-repelling ceramic material#here a rare-earth oxide#can help you stay dry.
"We still need really superhard materials to explore deeper and deeper into Earth s interior,
and eventually find their way to Earth. It s also the only known Martian sample On earth that hails from a critical period, about 2 billion years ago,
as the fate of a long-delayed mission to bring samples of Mars back to Earth is still uncertain.
#Ephemeral third ring of radiation makes appearance around Earth First discovered in 1958, the Van allen belts have been thought to comprise two reservoirs of high-speed,
electrically charged particles, corralled into separate doughnut-shaped rings by Earth s magnetic field. The outer ring orbits at a distance of some 10,000-60,000 kilometres above Earth,
and encircles an inner band of even more energetic particles, roughly 100-10,000 kilometres above Earth.
That s the configuration the belts were in when James Van allen first spotted them using satellite data half a century ago,
NASATHE two Van allen Probes orbit through the radiation belts that surround Earth, shown in cross section in this artist's impression.
In fact, it is just a shade larger than Earth s moon.""What makes this very interesting is this is a planet smaller than anything we see in our own inner solar system,
Mercury s diameter and 30 percent that of Earth. Kepler measures the diameters and orbital properties of exoplanets but is usually unable to pinpoint their masses.)
Kepler 37 c is 74 percent the diameter of Earth, and Kepler 37 d is roughly twice our planet s diameter.
Orbiting its star at one tenth the distance between Earth and the sun, tiny Kepler 37 b must be extremely hot."
Kepler was built to search for exo-Earths#rocky planets in cooler orbits than the uninhabitable worlds of the Kepler 37 system.
There is one catch in Kepler s search for worlds comparable with or smaller than Earth: Whereas giant Jupiter-size planets often exert a gravitational tug on their host stars that is detectable with Earth-based telescope spectrographs,
smaller exoplanet discoveries have proved difficult to confirm with observations other than Kepler s . So researchers have turned to statistical arguments
or for eye-popping views of the Earth
#Waterproof transistor takes cell's electric pulse Think of it as a medical monitor for the cell.
#Life found deep under the sea For the first time, scientists have discovered microbes living deep inside Earth s oceanic crust#the dark volcanic rock at the bottom of the sea.
The pits are among the largest and deepest pockmarks ever found in Earth lakes, the researchers said.
which would (hypothetically, at least) be repelled by magnetic forces from the Earth itself. Duru's real-life flying skateboard is a bit simpler than Mcfly's:
a rare-earth metal that is highly magnetic and sometimes given to patients to increase contrast in an MRI.
#China set to launch probe on round trip to the moon China is planning to launch an uncrewed spacecraft on a quick jaunt around the moon in a test of technology designed to return rocks from the lunar surface to Earth.
and return to Earth using a parachute to slow its decent through the atmosphere about 8 days later.
and dock with the orbiter for the return trip to Earth. China's most recent moon mission Chang'e 3 placed a lander and rover on the moon last year.
which is essential for surviving a high-speed re-entry into Earth's atmosphere. The country is following a path blazed by other major spacefaring nations:
When the Rosetta spacecraft sends its lander to the surface of a comet on 12 november the lander will follow prearranged orders from Earth to touch down safely
But because these bodies are far from Earth and the jets are not always active exploring them remotely is challenging.
The more the spacecraft can do without waiting for communication with Earth the better they can explore especially
#Martian methane sniffer adapted for Earth WHAT'S that gassy smell? The hypersensitive methane detector on NASA's Mars rover curiosity is being repurposed to ferret out gas leaks On earth.
and Earth observation privacy law to ensure that people can wield authentic imagery that stands up in court.
But most of the work will involve images taken by orbiting satellites especially as recent earth observation start-ups like Planet Labs
These images show the carbon monoxide gas detected in neighbouring galaxies 40 to 600 million light years from Earth in their final stages of merging.
or for making fuel on Mars to power a rocket back to Earth. It is unclear
because no type IA had gone off near Earth in recent decades. That changed on 21 january
These exoplanets are rocky like Earth but are rich in carbon rather than silica and may contain large layers of diamond.
and his team used a technique called gravitational microlensing to study a binary system with two red dwarfs small stars that are dimmer than the sun. The distance between the stars is about 10 to 15 times that of Earth
and the sun. The team found a planet about twice the mass of Earth orbiting just one of the two stars at about the same distance as we are to our home star.
As one star passes in front of another as seen from Earth light from the background star is bent gravitationally
The mysterious rock may be known the first piece of the bullet that sparked an explosion of life on early Earth.
when Earth experienced a mysterious burst of new species. Now miners working in the Swedish quarry have found a meteorite fragment that is not an L chondrite.
The larger object spawned the cloud of L chondrites that bombarded Earth for about 10 million years.
Earth and Planetary science Letters DOI: 10.1016/j. epsl. 2014.05.03 3
#How to cash in on cheap Earth-watching satellites THERE ARE some big plans brewing for small satellites. With hordes of cheap orbiters filling the skies researchers
and start-ups are promising a powerful new perspective on earthly activities that range from global commerce to perfecting the art of mining landfills for recyclable materials.
Then there are rare-earth metals that could be retrieved from discarded electronics along with bits of tin copper and gold.
Several hundred million years after Earth formed when life was emerging our young planet had an atmosphere oceans and primordial continents.
but there have been countless space rock strikes in Earth's history. That raised a whole bunch of questions about
whether the unique geology of impact craters could have been a good UV shield on the early Earth says Casey Bryce a member of Cockell's lab. Bryce
The bacteria received radiation doses far more intense than conditions on early Earth. When the samples were returned to the lab the microbes in the glass discs were dead.
#Impossibly heavy planet is the first'mega-Earth'Sly Stallone has nothing on this rocky heavyweight.
Twice the size of Earth and with 17 times our planet's mass Kepler-10c is so unusual that it has been placed in a brand new class of exoplanet.
It has a radius slightly more than double that of Earth's a size that led astronomers to assume it was a shrunken version of gassy planet Neptune
which is four times larger than Earth. Now Xavier Dumusque of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge Massachusetts and his colleagues have used the HARPS-N telescope in the Canary islands to pin down Kepler-10c's mass.
They found it is actually 17 times as heavy as Earth: more or less the same mass as Neptune.
Calculations by geophysicists previously suggested that gravity should compress planets so much that rocky worlds can't get bigger than twice Earth's size says Kepler team member Geoff Marcy at the University of California Berkeley.
This suggestion of a rocky planet 2. 3 times the size of Earth blows me away he says.
The team has dubbed Kepler-10c a mega-Earth because it is too heavy to fit into the super-Earth class of exoplanets
which are bigger than our home world but much lighter than Neptune. It is made probably from the same materials as Earth water silicates
and iron but in different proportions says Dumusque. Kepler-10c is denser than Earth but still it is far from being made of pure iron
which would be the physical limit for planets he says. Neighbouring planet Kepler-10b was already famous among planet hunters for being confirmed the first rocky world outside our solar system.
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