#Vision system for household robots Researchers at MIT's Computer science and Artificial intelligence Laboratory believe that household robots should take advantage of their mobility
In a paper appearing in a forthcoming issue of the International Journal of Robotics Research the MIT researchers show that a system using an off-the-shelf algorithm to aggregate different perspectives can recognize four times as many objects as one that uses a single
They then present a new algorithm that is just as accurate but that in some cases is 10 times as fast making it much more practical for real-time deployment with household robots.
and computer science and lead author on the new paper. One way around that is just to move around
Wong and his thesis advisors--Leslie Kaelbling the Panasonic Professor of Computer science and Engineering and Toms Lozano-Prez the School of engineering Professor of Teaching Excellence--considered scenarios in which they had 20 to 30
The first algorithm they tried was developed for tracking systems such as radar which must also determine
For each pair of successive images the algorithm generates multiple hypotheses about which objects in one correspond to which objects in the other.
To keep the calculation manageable the algorithm discards all but its top hypotheses at each step.
In hopes of arriving at a more efficient algorithm the MIT researchers adopted a different approach.
Their algorithm doesn't discard any of the hypotheses it generates across successive images but it doesn't attempt to canvass them all either.
Suppose that the algorithm has identified three objects from one perspective and four from another. The most mathematically precise way to compare hypotheses would be to consider every possible set of matches between the two groups of objects:
Instead the researchers'algorithm considers each object in the first group separately and evaluates its likelihood of mapping onto an object in the second group.
The algorithm could conclude that the most likely match for object 3 in the second group is object 3 in the first
So the researchers'algorithm also looks for such double mappings and reevaluates them. That takes extra time
In this case the algorithm would perform 32 comparisons--more than 20 but significantly less than 304 4
resulting in more aggressive cells that can spread to other sites or cause regrowth of primary tumors.
thereby allowing the tumor to spread to a new organ site. They used a large screening approach
and then bring them together explains Faraz Najafi a graduate student in electrical engineering and computer science at MIT and first author on the new paper.
If multiple qubits are entangled meaning that their quantum states depend on each other then a single quantum computation is in some sense like performing many computations in parallel.
For that reason optical systems are a promising approach to quantum computation. But any quantum computer--say one whose qubits are trapped laser ions
Because ultimately one will want to make such optical processors with maybe tens or hundreds of photonic qubits it becomes unwieldy to do this using traditional optical components says Dirk Englund the Jamieson Career development Assistant professor in Electrical engineering and Computer science at MIT and corresponding author on the new paper.
It's not only unwieldy but probably impossible because if you tried to build it on a large optical table simply the random motion of the table would cause noise on these optical states.
which is led by Karl Berggren an associate professor of electrical engineering and computer science and of which Najafi is a member.
The MIT researchers were joined also by colleagues at IBM and NASA's Jet propulsion laboratory. The researchers'process begins with a silicon optical chip made using conventional manufacturing techniques.
Results from two infant clinical studies in Ghana and Mali and vaccine introduction impact data were presented to THE WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) in October 2014
and an affiliate of the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at Illinois. He also holds affiliate appointments in the departments of bioengineering, chemistry, electrical and computer engineering,
and algorithm programming. I don't think there are many places in the world where one finds the level of interdisciplinary cooperation that exists in our Center for Neuroprosthetics."
#New algorithm will allow better heart surgery experts say A new technique to help surgeons find the exact location of heart defects could save lives,
Now the team at Manchester have come up with a new algorithm which will enable medics to exactly find the area of concern before any surgery takes place.
the algorithm will detect the origin of the heart defect, cutting the amount of time in surgery for some patients.
Professor Henggui Zhang describes how the new algorithm had a success rate of 94%.%Using 3d computer modelling of the human heart,
it correctly identified the origin of the problems in 75/80 of the simulations, a much better rate than current technology.
Using this new algorithm ECG map can help diagnose the location of cardiac disorder in a way which is better for the patients and more cost effective for health services
The new study determined that mouse TESI is highly similar to the TESI derived from human cells
#Quantum optical hard drive breakthrough The team's record storage time of six hours is a major step towards a secure worldwide data encryption network based on quantum information
which could be used for banking transactions and personal emails. We believe it will soon be possible to distribute quantum information between any two points on the globe said lead author Manjin Zhong from the Research School of Physics and Engineering (RSPE) at The Australian National University (ANU.
Their solid-state technique is a promising alternative to using laser beams in optical fibres an approach which is used currently to create quantum networks around 100 kilometres long.
what is the best way to distribute quantum data Ms Zhong said. Even transporting our crystals at pedestrian speeds we have less loss than laser systems for a given distance.
So we are thinking of our crystals as portable optical hard drives for quantum entanglement. After writing a quantum state onto the nuclear spin of the europium using laser light the team subjected the crystal to a combination of a fixed and oscillating magnetic fields to preserve the fragile quantum information.
The ANU group is excited also about the fundamental tests of quantum mechanics that a quantum optical hard drive will enable.
The research also suggests that Graphexeter could extend the lifetime of displays such as TV screens located in highly humid environments including kitchens.
The same team have discovered now that Graphexeter is also more stable than many transparent conductors commonly used by for example the display industry y
Samples collected from the site of an outbreak are transported therefore over long distances to laboratories for testing.
professor in the Department of chemistry and core member of the Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics at Georgia State, organized a research team,
They sent the crystals to Argonne National Laboratory for remote data collection. The X-ray diffraction patterns collected there were used to create an electron density map, a 3-D, atomic-level resolution of the molecule's shape.
"Information from the study has been deposited in the protein database, which can be accessed by other scientists.
Co-first author Alice Eunjung Lee, Phd, from the lab of Peter Park, Phd, at the Center for Biomedical Informatics at Harvard Medical school, developed the study's retrotransposon analysis tool,
which detects somatic retrotransposon mutations in single-cell sequencing data. Mirroring these findings, study published by Walsh's lab in 2014 used single-neuron sequencing to detect copy number variants--another type of mutation affecting the number of copies of chromosomes or chromosome fragments.
Neuroscience has assumed long that these little nubs serve as sites for single synapses. But this study which appeared early online last month in the open access journal elife shows that in the brains of newborn mice some of the spines initially receive two or more inputs.
The spines that receive multiple synapses tend to be occupied by both cortical and thalamic connections at the same time suggesting that these spines are sites for synaptic competition.
The study is published in Science Signaling. ur data that Bub1 is involved at the receptor level is unexpected completely,
Ph d.,developed a way to screen for genes that regulate the TGF-beta receptor. When 720 genes from the human genome were screened against lung cancer and breast cancer cells,
In the mouse study the insulin-producing cells were placed under the kidney capsule--a thin membrane layer that surrounds the kidney--where they developed into an organ-like structure with its own blood supply.
and are used for displays, communications as well as scientific instruments.""The capabilities of laser beam shaping and steering are crucial for many optical applications,
#Computing: Common'data structure'revamped to work with multicore chips Today hardware manufacturers are making computer chips faster by giving them more cores or processing units.
But while some data structures are adapted well to multicore computing others are not. In principle doubling the number of cores should double the efficiency of a computation.
With algorithms that use a common data structure called a priority queue that's been true for up to about eight cores
--but adding any more cores actually causes performance to plummet. At the Association for Computing Machinery's Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming in February researchers from MIT's Computer science and Artificial intelligence Laboratory will describe a new way of implementing priority queues that lets them keep pace with the addition of new cores.
In simulations algorithms using their data structure continued to demonstrate performance improvement with the addition of new cores up to a total of 80 cores.
A priority queue is a data structure that as its name might suggest sequences data items according to priorities assigned them
when they're stored. At any given time only the item at the front of the queue--the highest-priority item--can be retrieved.
Priority queues are central to the standard algorithms for finding the shortest path across a network
and for simulating events and they've been used for a host of other applications from data compression to network scheduling.
With multicore systems however conflicts arise when multiple cores try to access the front of a priority queue at the same time.
The problem is compounded by modern chips'reliance on caches--high-speed memory banks where cores store local copies of frequently used data.
As you're reading the front of the queue the whole front of the queue will be in your cache says Justin Kopinsky an MIT graduate student in electrical engineering
and computer science and one of the new paper's co-authors. All of these guys try to put the first element in their cache
and then do a bunch of stuff with it but then somebody writes to it and it invalidates everybody else's cache.
their advisor professor of computer science and engineering Nir Shavit; and Microsoft Research's Dan Alistarh a former student of Shavit's relaxed the requirement that each core has to access the first item in the queue.
If the items at the front of the queue can be processed in parallel --which must be the case for multicore computing to work anyway--they can simply be assigned to cores at random.
But a core has to know where to find the data item it's been assigned
which is harder than it sounds. Data structures generally trade ease of insertion and deletion for ease of addressability.
You could for instance assign every position in a queue its own memory address: To find the fifth item you would simply go to the fifth address.
Each element of a linked list consists of a data item and a pointer to the memory address of the next element.
if multiple cores are trying to modify data items simultaneously. Say that a core has been assigned element five.
It goes to the head of the list and starts working its way down. But another core is already in the process of modifying element three
so the first core has to sit and wait until it's done. The MIT researchers break this type of logjam by repurposing yet another data structure called a skip list.
The skip list begins with a linked list and builds a hierarchy of linked lists on top of it.
Only say half the elements in the root list are included in the list one layer up the hierarchy.
But the MIT researchers'algorithm starts farther down the hierarchy; how far down depends on how many cores are trying to access the root list.
Each core then moves some random number of steps and jumps down to the next layer of the hierarchy.
It repeats the process until it reaches the root list. Collisions can still happen particularly
when a core is modifying a data item that appears at multiple levels of the hierarchy
However, epidemiological and molecular data have suggested that events leading to insulin resistance might also take place in the nucleus,
One such piece of evidence comes from an observation surrounding fetal programming, says Rosen.""Fetal programming centers on a person's exposure in utero,
"he explains.""So, for example, whether a fetus has received too few or too many nutrients from the mother can lead to a person becoming obese or diabetic in adulthood,
we could discern which epigenomic events might be at the core of insulin resistance.""Because the types of epigenomic changes being analyzed occur at locations where transcription factors bind,
the team was able use their data to infer which transcription factors might be involved in the development of insulin resistance."
Most importantly, these data tell us that we have an awful lot still to learn about the basic mechanisms by which diabetes is triggered
#Blood test for prostate cancer investigated Mitchell believes the technique will be transformative in providing improved cancer diagnostics that can both predict treatment outcomes and monitor patient responses to therapy.
Based on the reported data and work in progress I believe the'liquid biopsy'will revolutionize cancer diagnostics
Robust mutation panels vastly improve monitoring since cancer cells are constantly deleting chromosomal DNA and liquid biopsies with only one or two mutations will allow cancer cell escape variants to go undetected he said.
To accomplish that Duke university researchers used software they developed to predict a constantly-evolving infectious bacterium's countermoves to one of these new drugs ahead of time before the drug is tested even on patients.
When the researchers treated live bacteria with the new drug two of the genetic changes actually arose just as their algorithm predicted.
This gives us a window into the future to see what bacteria will do to evade drugs that we design before a drug is deployed said co-author Bruce Donald a professor of computer science and biochemistry at Duke.
and Amy Anderson at the University of Connecticut used a protein design algorithm they developed called OSPREY to identify DNA sequence changes in the bacteria that would enable the resulting protein to block the drug from binding
The researchers are now using their algorithm to predict resistance mutations to other drugs designed to combat pathogens like E coli and Enterococcus.
The software they developed called OSPREY is open-source and freely available for any researcher to use e
But it takes time to recruit these cells (to the wound site. We now show that the fat stem cells are responsible for protecting us.
Ling Zhang Phd the first author of the paper exposed mice to S. aureus and within hours detected a major increase in both the number and size of fat cells at the site of infection.
Working in a mouse model the research team led by Drs. Nicolas Bazan Boyd Professor and Director of the LSU Health New orleans Neuroscience Center of Excellence and Alberto Musto Assistant professor of Research Neurosurgery and Neuroscience found that brief small electrical microbursts
The EU DAISIE project undertook important preliminary work in this field Between 2005 and 2008 researchers created a database,
It simply does not make sense to impose an arbitrary number before the Member States have provided their data.
The new EU regulation thus represents a core element of the EU strategy for the conservation of biodiversity passed in 2011.
#Using 3-D printing clinicians repair tracheal damage Mr. Goldstein a Phd candidate at the Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of medicine has been working with a team of surgeons at the North Shore
or computer code to make things living cells from skin muscle or cartilage are the raw material.
We actually found designs to modify the printer on Makerbot's Thingiverse website to print PLA with one extruder and the biomaterial with the other extruder.
We 3d printed the needed parts with our other Makerbot Replicator Desktop 3d printer and used them to modify the Makerbot Replicator 2x Experimental 3d printer
If we had to send out these designs to a commercial printer far away and get the designs back several weeks later we'd never be where we are today.
One special bio printer cost $180000 an amount that the Institute would not allocate. They wanted to test their concept
and is a size that fits on a desktop. Originally Mr. Goldstein thought that he would need special PLA to maintain sterility
and other parts on their Makerbot Replicator Desktop 3d printer to produce a brand new bioreactor.
Now he is the Feinstein Institute's 3d printing specialist printing models of organs for preoperative planning
and walkers--to design core interchangeable components which work together like Meccano and just like the toy can be easily
By being so adaptable the walking aid will be able to meet the user's exact needs
because the walking aid will gradually evolve with the user rather than having to get an entirely new aid each time their condition changes.
Put together in sequence these p-n junctions form transistors which can in turn be combined into integrated circuits microchips and processors.
but we were surprised at how rapidly a mild reduction in food intake could improve outcome in a mouse malaria model,
but also in activating adaptive immune and inflammatory responses--is increased upon infection in a mouse model of cerebral malaria,
Living in such a hostile environment Halanaerobium hydrogeninformans has metabolic capabilities under conditions that occur at some contaminated waste sites.
This reduces the need for trial and error experimentation in the lab. Using a supercomputer at Argonne National Laboratory we are able to use our computer simulations to compress decades of research in the lab into a total of about a day's worth of computing said lead researcher Ilja
Predicting the zeolites'performance required serious computing power efficient computer algorithms and accurate descriptions of the molecular interactions.
The team's software can utilize Mira a supercomputer with nearly 800000 processors to run in a day the equivalent computations requiring about 10 million hours on a single-processor computer.
The computations identified zeolites to attack two complex problems. The first problem researchers tackled is the current multi-step ethanol purification process encountered in biofuel production.
and catalysts for all of the complex mixtures involved in creating these products is of paramount importance
The consortium known as the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) shared results from analyses of genetic data
ENIGMA's scientists screen brain scans and genomes worldwide for factors that help or harm the brain said ENGIMA cofounder Professor Paul Thompson from University of Southern California.
This crowdsourcing and sheer wealth of data gives us the power to crack the brain's genetic code.
and genetic data to make this kind of study possible. By working together in large collaborative projects we can tackle these types of problems and further our understanding of the biology of the brain.
which is important for movement and reinforcement learning. This variant is located within the KTN1 gene that encodes the protein Kinectin a receptor important for cell function.
#Major breakthrough in reading ancient scrolls A breakthrough not only in digital imaging techniques the first-of-its-kind software could also have profound impacts on history and literature.
Without unrolling the scrolls Seales'software will run extremely high-resolution images from the tangled surfaces making sense of the jumbled letters into words and words into passages.
The software will combine novel methods for finding the scroll surfaces together with a user-guided interface for correcting mistakes
In other words it will pull out a page that displays writing from the data they currently have
Because of this Seales his team partners and physicists will be able to optimize the scanning process on site allowing them to see an entire page unwrapped without ever leaving the facility.
We have a ton of data from all of our preliminary work and from the 2009-2010 work.
We're using that data to build software so that we can pull out large sections and flatten them said Seales.
The software we're building will be the first to visualize data in that way and it's crucial to uncovering the works inside the Herculaneum scrolls.
Supported by a three-year $500000 National Science Foundation grant and by Google where Seales spent his sabbatical in 2012-2013 the computer science professor has begun working to develop the software.
Seales'sabbatical at Google was crucial to the new imaging method and he credits Google as the impetus for being unstuck in the project. UK students are also driving the progress.
The computer science professor is working on the software with a team of UK undergraduate and graduate students including:
In addition to UK students Seales is working with Seth Parker video editor at the UK Center for Visualization
The scans will utilize Seales'software as well as the new x-ray technique. Seales said the project plan is to release working software
and datasets as soon as possible for scholars to examine. By project's end the team hopes to have created a software tool
and a set of scans of scrolls that together will transform the hopelessly damaged Herculaneum collection into new literary discoveries he said.
#NASA Microsoft collaboration will allow scientists to'work on Mars'NASA and Microsoft have teamed up to develop software called Onsight,
a new technology that will enable scientists to work virtually on Mars using wearable technology called Microsoft Hololens.
Developed by NASA's Jet propulsion laboratory in Pasadena, California, Onsight will give scientists a means to plan and,
"Onsight will use real rover data and extend the Curiosity mission's existing planning tools by creating a 3-D simulation of the Martian environment where scientists around the world can meet.
Until now, rover operations required scientists to examine Mars imagery on a computer screen, and make inferences about
The Onsight system uses holographic computing to overlay visual information and rover data into the user's field of view.
Holographic computing blends a view of the physical world with computer-generated imagery to create a hybrid of real and virtual.
members of the Curiosity mission team don a Microsoft Hololens device, which surrounds them with images from the rover's Martian field site.
They then can stroll around the rocky surface or crouch down to examine rocky outcrops from different angles.
"Previously, our Mars explorers have been stuck on one side of a computer screen. This tool gives them the ability to explore the rover's surroundings
The joint effort to develop Onsight with Microsoft grew from an ongoing partnership to investigate advances in human-robot interaction.
"The data from the studies have been shared with federal regulators, he added, with the aim of launching a clinical trial to test the system at UPMC this year."
https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=7jifnfoj3oy&feature=youtu. b b
#Medicaid'fee bump'to primary care doctors associated with better access to appointments The increase in Medicaid reimbursement for primary care providers,
and gives policymakers some concrete data to consider moving forward.""The other study authors include Michael Richards, MD, Phd,
and genetic data worldwide to pinpoint genes that enhance or break down key brain regions in people from 33 countries.
"ENIGMA's scientists screen brain scans and genomes worldwide for factors that help or harm the brain--this crowdsourcing and sheer wealth of data gives us the power to crack the brain's genetic code,
The MRI analysis focused on genetic data from seven regions of the brain that coordinate movement, learning, memory and motivation.
creating 12 research hubs across the United states to improve the utility of biomedical data. USC's two BD2K centers of excellence, including ENIGMA,
"said Philip Bourne, Ph d.,associate director for data science at the NIH.""This'Big data'alliance shows what the NIH Big data to Knowledge (BD2K) Program envisions achieving with our 12 Centers of Excellence for Big data Computing
#Erectile dysfunction drugs could protect liver from sepsis-induced damage Infection can lead to the release of chemicals that cause whole-body inflammation
The researchers found in a mouse model of sepsis that sildenafil more commonly known as Viagra induced the liver to produce greater amounts of a protein called CYCLIC GMP
these core/shell particles self-assemble into a thin film upon water removal. The whole procedure takes less then 24 hours.
which was developed by researchers from the University's Optoelectronics Research Centre (ORC) has potential applications in a number of fields that use pulsed lasers including telecommunications metrology sensing and material processing.
Through the precise control of the amplitude and phase of each laser's output it is possible to produce complex pulsed optical waveforms with a huge degree of user flexibility.
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