PNNL scientist Jian Zhi Hu displays a tiny experimental battery mounted in NMR apparatus used to observe the chemical reaction inside.
and gather data about reactions that can be observed only as they are happening inside a battery("Probing Lithium Germanide Phase Evolution and Structural Change in a Germanium-in-Carbon nanotube Energy storage system").
"Why It Matterslithium-ion batteries have many uses besides powering cell phones and laptops. Developing safer, more powerful cells with longer life is a worldwide challenge,
Using the"core-shell"structure, however, the battery can be discharged and charged thousands of times.
Computations made by the group of Professor Thomas Heine from Jacobs University Bremen, which is involved also in the project,
Wrights team is now looking to find out how easy it is for users. The USAID competition was intended actually for systems built for individual farms,
Jaeyoun (Jay) Kim, an Iowa State university associate professor of electrical and computer engineering and an associate of the U s. Department of energy's Ames Laboratory."
and computer engineering and is moving to postdoctoral work at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. The paper describes how the engineers fabricated microtubes just 8 millimeters long and less than a hundredth of an inch wide.
And they had to use computer modeling to find a way to create more coiling.
and store a steadily increasing amount of data, faster and faster, and in less space.
the computer industry has used various materials stacked on top of each other in a filigree structure to achieve this effect.
This material class therefore has enormous potential for future applications in information technology. n
#Sweeping lasers snap together nanoscale geometric grids Down at the nanoscale, where objects span just billionths of a meter,
and touchscreen electronics. The scientists synthesized the materials at Brookhaven Lab's Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN)
and x-ray scattering at the National Synchrotron Light Sourceoth DOE Office of Science User Facilities.
#Toward tiny, solar-powered sensors The latest buzz in the information technology industry regards he Internet of thingsthe idea that vehicles, appliances, civil-engineering structures, manufacturing equipment,
and even livestock would have embedded their own sensors that report information directly to networked servers,
an MIT graduate student in electrical engineering and computer science and first author on the new paper. e need to regulate the input to extract the maximum power,
#Scientists present III-V epitaxy and integration to go below 14nm IBM scientists in Zurich and Yorktown Heights,
Researchers from the IBM Materials Integration and Nanoscale Devices group demonstrated a novel, robust and yet versatile approach for integrating III-V compound semiconductor crystals on silicon wafers a novel and an important step
IBM scientist Lukas Czornomaz is presenting a solution for large scale and controlled integration of high quality Ingaas on bulk Silcon (Si)
Both papers are part of IBM $3 billion five year investment to push the limits of silicon technology to 7 nanometers and below.
More specifically, IBM scientists are motivated to integrate III-V materials on silicon for faster and more powerful devices.
IBM is betting that future chips made of these materials will create more energy efficient and powerful cloud data centers and consumer devices d
#Mirrorlike display creates rich color pixels by harnessing ambient light (Nanowerk News) Using a simple structure comprising a mirror
researchers have developed a display technology that harnesses natural ambient light to produce an unprecedented range of colors
An article describing their innovative approach appears today in The Optical Society's new high-impact journal Optica("Continuous Color Reflective Displays Using Interferometric Absorption".
"This display technology, which could greatly reduce the amount of power used in multiple consumer electronics products,
the new design helps solve many key problems affecting mobile displays such as how to provide an always-on display function without requiring more frequent battery charging
and blue (RGB) of earlier display technologies.""We have developed an entirely new way of creating a color display,
"said John Hong, a researcher with Qualcomm MEMS Technologies, Inc. and lead author on the Optica paper."
"The incredibly efficient display is able to create a rich palette of colors using only ambient light for viewing,
"Harnessing Ambient light Typical color displays are essential yet power-hungry components of virtually every digital product with a human-machine interface, from cell phones and computers to home televisions and massive displays
engineers have been exploring ways to replace emissive technologies with displays that can reflect ambient light. Earlier attempts to create reflective light color displays,
however, presented a number of vexing problems. The designs required using three separate pixels to produce the red
green and blue of a traditional display. Though adequate for certain applications, the fact that only one-third of the incoming light can be reflected back toward the viewer in a typical reflective RGB format limits the gamut of colors and brightness of the display.
The new display reported in Optica is able to overcome these hurdles by reflecting more of the incoming light
and enabling the full spectrum of visible light to be displayed, including bright white and deep black.
Hong and his colleagues were able achieve these results by using a property of light they call interferometric absorption to create a broad spectrum of colors.
Each pixel therefore behaves as a colored mirror, with the color tunable across the entire visible spectrum.
Extending Power and Saving Energy Depending on how the display is used, the power savings can exceed current backlit technologies tenfold.
when a particular image is retained on the display, which then operates like a form of analog memory in a virtually power-free display mode.
The design presented in the paper consists of a panel that is about 1. 5 inches across
and contains approximately 149, 000 pixels. Both the resolution and area of the display, however, can be scaled to match those of various mobile devices such as Internet-of-Things (Iot) enabled wearables and smartphones.
Fabrication can be achieved in one piece, with the MEMS, upper layer, and lower layer created using the same deposition,
lithography and etching processes that are used to create liquid crystal displays.""Our goal is to improve the technology
and design so it can be integrated easily into manufacturing processes at existing factories.""said Hong.
The researchers believe that this technology has the potential to change the smartphone experience and that of other personal devices."
"No more squinting at a hard to read display outdoors where we spend much of our time,"noted Hong."
which is probably the best display experience that one can expect, with only the light behind you shining on the page
'Our group has pioneered the idea of using lithium-ion batteries to search for catalysts, 'Cui said.'
'Our hope is that this technique will lead to the discovery of new catalysts for other reactions beyond water splitting.'
'In conventional water splitters, the hydrogen and oxygen catalysts often require different electrolytes with different phone acidic,
is actually more stable than some commercial catalysts made of precious metals.''We built a conventional water splitter with two benchmark catalysts, one platinum and one iridium,
'Wang said.''At first the device only needed 1. 56 volts of electricity to split water,
interconnected grain boundaries that become active sites for the water-splitting catalytic reaction, 'Cui said.'
'We believe that electrochemical tuning can be used to find new catalysts for other chemical fuels beyond hydrogen.
while charging, different processes are at work in the two identical pieces of carbon pongewhich function as the electrodes in these devices, in contrast to earlier computer simulations.
They are used also in flashes in mobile phones and as a complementary technology to batteries in order to boost performance.
Previous theories had been made by computer simulations no one observed this in eal lifebefore. What the experiments showed is that the two electrodes behave differently.
painless patch could lower blood glucose in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes for up to nine hours.
the researchers inserted a core of solid insulin and enzymes specially designed to sense glucose.
The researchers tested the ability of this approach to control blood sugar levels in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes.
#Nanostructure design enables pixels to produce two different colors (Nanowerk News) Through precise structural control,
A*STAR researchers have encoded a single pixel with two distinct colors and have used this capability to generate a three-dimensional stereoscopic image("Three-dimensional plasmonic stereoscopic prints in full colour").
including ultrahigh-definition three-dimensional color displays and state-of-the-art anti-counterfeiting measures. So they set about designing a nanostructure architecture that could provide more bang for the buck. Having previously used plasmonic materials to generate color prints at the optical diffraction limit by carefully varying the nanostructure size and spacing
Goh and Yang trialed two aluminum nanostructures as pixel arrays: ellipses and two squares separated by a very small space (known as coupled nanosquare dimers.
Each pixel arrangement had its own pros and cons. While the ellipses offered a broader color range
Furthermore, the researchers used these pixel arrays to generate a three-dimensional stereoscopic image. They achieved this by using ellipses as pixel elements,
carefully offsetting the images and choosing background colors that minimized cross-talk. Being able to print two images onto the same area and,
"Quantum dots, which have use in diverse applications such as medical imaging, lighting, display technologies, solar cells, photocatalysts, renewable energy and optoelectronics, are typically expensive and complicated to manufacture.
supplied by Lehigh's Faculty Innovation Grant (FIG) and Collaborative Research Opportunity Grant (CORE) programs.
The counterpart is curved a strongly mirror on the end facet of an optical fibre. Laser light is coupled into the resonator through this fibre.
but now they have an app for tablets to collect data directly from the field.
In this way, previous data and the data gathered through apps and sensors are channelled into the same database,
says Molino, and it allows facts about different years to be compared. This research has involved also a company based in Ivrea,
A software program builds a mosaic made up of hundreds of images, which shows in a single 3d picture the field flown over.
All the data are was sent by digital mobile radio allowing agronomists and farmers to check the results in real time.
flexible thin-film reflective display. Chanda research was inspired by nature. Traditional displays like those on a mobile phone require a light source, filters and a glass plates.
But animals like chameleons, octopuses and squids are born with thin flexible, color-changing displays that don need a light source their skin. ll manmade displays LCD, LED,
CRT are rigid, brittle and bulky. But you look at an octopus, they can create color on the skin itself covering a complex body contour,
and create a skin-like display? As detailed in the cover article of the June issue of the journal Nature Communications("Polarization-independent actively tunable colour generation on imprinted plasmonic surfaces),
full-color tunable display. His method is groundbreaking. It a leap ahead of previous research that could produce only a limited color palette.
And the display is only about few microns thick, compared to a 100-micron-thick human hair.
Such an ultrathin display can be applied to flexible materials like plastics and synthetic fabrics. The research has major implications for existing electronics like televisions,
computers and mobile devices that have considered displays thin by today standards but monstrously bulky in comparison.
But the potentially bigger impact could be whole new categories of displays that have never been thought of. our camouflage
Researchers used a simple and inexpensive nano-imprinting technique that can produce the reflective nanostructured surface over a large area. his is a cheap way of making displays on a flexible substrate with full-color generation,
and even computers that harness quantum mechanical effects,"said Abram Falk, the lead author of the report on the research,
#High-performance microscope displays pores in the cell nucleus with greater precision An active exchange takes place between the cell nucleus and the cytoplasm:
When the new iphone came out, customers complained that it could be bent--but what if you could roll up your too big 6 Plus to actually fit in your pocket?
Consumers also demand phones to be lighter, faster, smaller, more flexible, wearable, bendable, etc. Yet silicon is also rigid--one can't bend your smart phone or computer.
These physical limitations have driven the race for new materials that can be used as semiconductors in lieu of silicon.
In addition, the researchers anticipate that it could also lead to important improvement for devices that monitor the environment."
the common computer chip material (Nature Communications, "Experimental evidence of new tetragonal polymorphs of silicon formed through ultrafast laser-induced confined microexplosion").
The work will be of interest to those considering graphene elements in flexible touchscreens or memories that store bits by controlling electric dipole moments of carbon atoms
Advanced models allow researchers to convert AFM data into properties about the cells internal scaffolding,
and models convert the data to reveal information about the materials composition. Previous applications of AFM microscopy to study live cells provided feedback on the amplitude and frequency of the vibrating cantilever,
like a landline phone connection, rather than sending a broadcast signal, researchers at University of Michigan Life sciences Institute and University of Texas Southwestern Medical center have discovered.
#Better memory with faster lasers DVDS and Blu-ray disks contain so-called phase-change materials that morph from one atomic state to another after being struck with pulses of laser light, with data"recorded"in those two atomic states.
Using ultrafast laser pulses that speed up the data recording process, Caltech researchers adopted a novel technique, ultrafast electron crystallography (UEC),
In doing so, they discovered a previously unknown intermediate atomic statene that may represent an unavoidable limit to data recording speeds.
By shedding light on the fundamental physical processes involved in data storage the work may lead to better, faster computer memory systems with larger storage capacity.
The research, done in the laboratory of Ahmed Zewail, Linus Pauling Professor of Chemistry and professor of physics, will be published in the July 28 print issue of the journal ACS Nano("Transient Structures and Possible Limits of Data
Recording in Phase-change Materials"."When the laser light interacts with a phase-change material, its atomic structure changes from an ordered crystalline arrangement to a more disordered,
These two states represent 0s and 1s of digital data.""Today, nanosecond lasersasers that pulse light at one-billionth of a secondre used to record information on DVDS and Blu-ray disks,
by driving the material from one state to another, "explains Giovanni Vanacore, a postdoctoral scholar and an author on the study.
The speed with which data can be recorded is determined both by the speed of the laserhat is,
the researchers believe that it represents a physical limit to how quickly the overall transition can occurnd to how fast data can be recorded,
"Despite revealing such limits, the research could one day aid the development of better data storage for computers,
Right now, computers generally store information in several ways, among them the well-known random-access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM.
RAM, which is used to run the programs on your computer, can record and rewrite information very quickly via an electrical current.
whenever the computer is powered down. ROM storage, including CDS and DVDS, uses phase-change materials and lasers to store information.
Although ROM records and reads data more slowly, the information can be stored for decades. Finding ways to speed up the recording process of phase-change materials
and understanding the limits to this speed could lead to a new type of memory that harnesses the best of both worlds.
and then rewrite a DVD. Although these applications could mean exciting changes for future computer technologies,
and an Argonaute protein at its core and cleaves the target RNA. However, there were no suitable tools to directly monitor the RNAI reaction
a multipurpose sensor Glass fibres can do more than transport data. A special type of glass fibre can also be used as a high-precision multipurpose sensor,
as researchers at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light (MPL) in Erlangen have demonstrated now("Flying particle sensors in hollow-core photonic crystal fibre").
which can literally sense different physical quantities such as electric field, temperature or vibrations through the inside of this hollow-core photonic crystal fibre.
which flies through the hollow channel in the interior of a photonic crystal fibre to measure different physical quantities, for example the electric field along the optical fibre.
The glass fibres which we owe particular thanks to for high rates of data transmission and thus a fast Internet, have an inner channel made of glass with a high refractive index, surrounded by a cladding of glass with a low refractive index.
The difference in refractive index ensures that the light beam is reflected at the interface to the cladding.
It thus remains trapped in the core like water in a pipe and follows the glass fibre,
More precisely, they trap light in the inner channel similar to the different types of glass in conventional optical fibres.
however, enable several applications that are not possible with conventional optical fibres. The fact that the fibres have a hollow core was a crucial aspect for the team.
As the air-filled cavity cannot be darkened by radioactive radiation the researchers see PCFS as an interesting alternative to conventional fibre-optic sensors in order to ultimately measure radioactivity as well.
whether hollow-core photonic crystal fibres are suitable as sensors by initially using the fibres to measure electric fields, vibrations and temperatures.
The discovery lays the base for developing designed enzymes as catalysts to new chemical reactions for instance in biotechnological applications.
Its a bit like a camera with very small pixels.""Left: The scanning quantum dot micrograph of a PTCDA molecule reveals the negative partial charges at the ends of the molecule as well as the positive partial charges in the centre.
or protein subunits that have multiple sites for inactivation, but that are linked inextricably, this method allows for killing
"said Boubacar Kant, a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer engineering at the UC San diego Jacobs School of engineering and the senior author of the study."
The researchers used Computer-aided design software with electromagnetic simulation to design and optimize the cloak. The cloak was modeled as a thin matrix of Teflon in
"Our computer simulations show how our cloaking device would behave in reality. We were able to demonstrate that a thin cloak designed with cylinder-shaped dielectric particles can help us significantly reduce the object's shadow.""
Abbey Liebman 10 created a dress using conductive cotton threads capable of charging an iphone.
With ultrathin solar panels for trim and a USB charger tucked into the waist, the Southwest-inspired garment captured enough sunshine to charge cell phones
and other handheld devices allowing the wearer to stay plugged in. The technology may be embedded into shirts to measure heart rate
Dr. Zhang, Padmos and their collaborators from Northwestern University and University of California, Riverside combined a powerful x-ray from a mile-sized synchrotron facility with computer modelling based on density functional theory.
and environmentally benign method to combat bacteria by engineering nanoscale particles that add the antimicrobial potency of silver to a core of lignin,
In a study published in Nature Nanotechnology("An environmentally benign antimicrobial nanoparticle based on a silver-infused lignin core),
The remaining particles degrade easily after disposal because of their biocompatible lignin core, limiting the risk to the environment.
and environmentally responsible method to make effective antimicrobials with biomaterial cores. The researchers used the nanoparticles to attack E coli
In a paper published July 10 in the journal Physical Review Letters("Extraordinarily large optical cross section for localized single nanoresonator"),Zongfu Yu, an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering,
-actin mrna in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Sticky-flares are built upon another technology from Mirkin's group called Nanoflares,
it takes a great deal of energy to excite electrons from one level to another--and only displays photocatalytic properties under ultraviolet light.
When light strikes Tio2 and excites one of its electrons the silver will pull that electron away
Nanoparticles made from these polymers have a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic shell. Due to molecular-scale forces
BPA, another endocrine-disrupting synthetic compound widely used in plastic bottles and other resinous consumer goods, from thermal printing paper samples;
The user draws the desired structure in the form of a polygon object, in 3d software normally used for computer-aided design or animation.
Graph-theoretic algorithms and optimization techniques are used then to calculate the DNA sequences needed to produce the structure.
When the synthesized DNA sequences are combined in a salt solution, they assemble themselves into the correct structure.
and we can do it in the same way as one might draw a 3d structure for printing out in macroscopic scale,
Advanced computing methods are likely to be a key enabler in the scaling of DNA NANOTECHNOLOGY from fundamental studies towards groundbreaking applications,
New ways of generating spin currents may be important for low-power high-speed spin based computing (spintronics),
"said Anand Bhattacharya, a physicist in Argonne's Materials science Division and the Center for Nanoscale Materials (a DOE Office of Science user facility),
"The scientists also want to look for other materials that display this effect.""We think that there may be other new physics working here,
At its most basic level, your smart phone's battery is powering billions of transistors using electrons to flip on and off billions of times per second.
and transmit data, computers could operate even faster. But first engineers must build a light source that can be turned on and off that rapidly.
While lasers can fit this requirement they are too energy-hungry and unwieldy to integrate into computer chips.
Duke university researchers are now one step closer to such a light source. In a new study, a team from the Pratt School of engineering pushed semiconductor quantum dots to emit light at more than 90 billion gigahertz.
"said Maiken Mikkelsen, an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at Duke.""We can now start to think about making fast-switching devices based on this research,
#A new type of modulator for the future of data transmission In February 1880 in his laboratory in Washington the American inventor Alexander graham bell developed a device
which he himself called his greatest achievement, greater even than the telephone: the"photophone"."Bell's idea to transmit spoken words over large distances using light was the forerunner of a technology without
which the modern internet would be unthinkable. Today, huge amounts of data are sent incredibly fast through fibre optic-cables cables as light pulses.
For that purpose they first have to be converted from electrical signals, which are used by computers and telephones, into optical signals.
In Bell's days it was a simple, very thin mirror that turned sound waves into modulated light.
Modern telecommunications use laser light with a wavelength of one and a half micrometers, which accordingly is the lower limit for the size of a modulator.
and thus to create the pulses necessary for data transfer, the researchers use the working principle of an interferometer.
As such a modulator is much smaller than conventional devices it consumes very little energy-only a few thousandth of Watts at a data transmission rate of 70 Gigabits per second.
given that the amount of energy used worldwide for data transmission is considerable-after all, there are modulators in every single fibre optic line.
Every year increasing amounts of data need to be transmitted at ever higher speed, which leads to an increasing energy consumption.
A hundredfold energy saving would, therefore, be more than welcome.""Our modulator provides more communication with less energy,
and one oxygen atom) can be polymerized to form polycarbonates in reactions that use special catalysts.
and progenitor cells isolated from the fetal liver of a mouse in Tan's lab. As Tan explained,"
In optical communications, laser pulses are used to transmit information along fiber-optic cables for telephone service, the Internet and cable television.
Both the data stream and the control signals are optical pulses.""Being able to modulate the amount of light reflected is necessary for potential industrial applications such as data transmission."
"We can engineer the film to provide either a decrease or an increase in reflection,
working with a team of researchers led by Alexandra Boltasseva, an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering,
and Vladimir M. Shalaev, scientific director of nanophotonics at Purdue's Birck Nanotechnology Center and a distinguished professor of electrical and computer engineering."
or a decrease in the reflection to encode data. It just depends on what you are trying to do.
"Findings were detailed in a research paper appearing in July in the journal Optica("Epsilon-near-zero Al-doped Zno for ultrafast switching at telecom wavelengths"),published by the Optical
#How to look for a few good catalysts Two key physical phenomena take place at the surfaces of materials:
The discovery could make it easier to find new catalysts for particular applications, among other potential benefits.
Ideally, this understanding helps us design new catalysts, Stoerzinger says. If a given material has a lower affinity for water,
#Light switches on a DVD There could be more to DVDS than has been assumed to date. The material comprised of germanium, antimony and tellurium in
which data media store information may also be suitable as an extremely fast light switch for optical communication or data processing.
"The storage mechanism in DVDS is based on the fact that laser pulses rearrange the structure of the material,
While DVDS are likely to soon become a thing of the past, this may not apply to their storage material.
This is because the data media, which have become familiar mainly as media for films, are increasingly being replaced by other storage techniques.
The material owes its job to the fact that, in rewritable DVDS, laser pulses can convert it very quickly from a strongly reflective crystalline state into a much less reflective disordered version..
The two states then encode the zeros and ones of digital information. The work we have done shows that the material can also be used for applications other than data storage,
as Ralph Ernstorfer, Research Group Leader at the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society in Berlin states.
this time is sufficient to qualify the material for uses other than data storage. Since the realignment of the atoms causes stress and eventually fractures in the material, the atomic lattice of a substance cannot be rearranged infinitely often.
which forms part of the specification profile for a rapid switch in the optical data stream. If we succeed in quickly removing the energy
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011