However, epidemiological and molecular data have suggested that events leading to insulin resistance might also take place in the nucleus,
One such piece of evidence comes from an observation surrounding fetal programming, says Rosen.""Fetal programming centers on a person's exposure in utero,
"he explains.""So, for example, whether a fetus has received too few or too many nutrients from the mother can lead to a person becoming obese or diabetic in adulthood,
we could discern which epigenomic events might be at the core of insulin resistance.""Because the types of epigenomic changes being analyzed occur at locations where transcription factors bind,
the team was able use their data to infer which transcription factors might be involved in the development of insulin resistance."
Most importantly, these data tell us that we have an awful lot still to learn about the basic mechanisms by which diabetes is triggered
#Blood test for prostate cancer investigated Mitchell believes the technique will be transformative in providing improved cancer diagnostics that can both predict treatment outcomes and monitor patient responses to therapy.
Based on the reported data and work in progress I believe the'liquid biopsy'will revolutionize cancer diagnostics
Robust mutation panels vastly improve monitoring since cancer cells are constantly deleting chromosomal DNA and liquid biopsies with only one or two mutations will allow cancer cell escape variants to go undetected he said.
To accomplish that Duke university researchers used software they developed to predict a constantly-evolving infectious bacterium's countermoves to one of these new drugs ahead of time before the drug is tested even on patients.
When the researchers treated live bacteria with the new drug two of the genetic changes actually arose just as their algorithm predicted.
This gives us a window into the future to see what bacteria will do to evade drugs that we design before a drug is deployed said co-author Bruce Donald a professor of computer science and biochemistry at Duke.
and Amy Anderson at the University of Connecticut used a protein design algorithm they developed called OSPREY to identify DNA sequence changes in the bacteria that would enable the resulting protein to block the drug from binding
The researchers are now using their algorithm to predict resistance mutations to other drugs designed to combat pathogens like E coli and Enterococcus.
The software they developed called OSPREY is open-source and freely available for any researcher to use e
But it takes time to recruit these cells (to the wound site. We now show that the fat stem cells are responsible for protecting us.
Ling Zhang Phd the first author of the paper exposed mice to S. aureus and within hours detected a major increase in both the number and size of fat cells at the site of infection.
Working in a mouse model the research team led by Drs. Nicolas Bazan Boyd Professor and Director of the LSU Health New orleans Neuroscience Center of Excellence and Alberto Musto Assistant professor of Research Neurosurgery and Neuroscience found that brief small electrical microbursts
The EU DAISIE project undertook important preliminary work in this field Between 2005 and 2008 researchers created a database,
It simply does not make sense to impose an arbitrary number before the Member States have provided their data.
The new EU regulation thus represents a core element of the EU strategy for the conservation of biodiversity passed in 2011.
#Using 3-D printing clinicians repair tracheal damage Mr. Goldstein a Phd candidate at the Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of medicine has been working with a team of surgeons at the North Shore
or computer code to make things living cells from skin muscle or cartilage are the raw material.
We actually found designs to modify the printer on Makerbot's Thingiverse website to print PLA with one extruder and the biomaterial with the other extruder.
We 3d printed the needed parts with our other Makerbot Replicator Desktop 3d printer and used them to modify the Makerbot Replicator 2x Experimental 3d printer
If we had to send out these designs to a commercial printer far away and get the designs back several weeks later we'd never be where we are today.
One special bio printer cost $180000 an amount that the Institute would not allocate. They wanted to test their concept
and is a size that fits on a desktop. Originally Mr. Goldstein thought that he would need special PLA to maintain sterility
and other parts on their Makerbot Replicator Desktop 3d printer to produce a brand new bioreactor.
Now he is the Feinstein Institute's 3d printing specialist printing models of organs for preoperative planning
and walkers--to design core interchangeable components which work together like Meccano and just like the toy can be easily
By being so adaptable the walking aid will be able to meet the user's exact needs
because the walking aid will gradually evolve with the user rather than having to get an entirely new aid each time their condition changes.
Put together in sequence these p-n junctions form transistors which can in turn be combined into integrated circuits microchips and processors.
but we were surprised at how rapidly a mild reduction in food intake could improve outcome in a mouse malaria model,
but also in activating adaptive immune and inflammatory responses--is increased upon infection in a mouse model of cerebral malaria,
Living in such a hostile environment Halanaerobium hydrogeninformans has metabolic capabilities under conditions that occur at some contaminated waste sites.
This reduces the need for trial and error experimentation in the lab. Using a supercomputer at Argonne National Laboratory we are able to use our computer simulations to compress decades of research in the lab into a total of about a day's worth of computing said lead researcher Ilja
Predicting the zeolites'performance required serious computing power efficient computer algorithms and accurate descriptions of the molecular interactions.
The team's software can utilize Mira a supercomputer with nearly 800000 processors to run in a day the equivalent computations requiring about 10 million hours on a single-processor computer.
The computations identified zeolites to attack two complex problems. The first problem researchers tackled is the current multi-step ethanol purification process encountered in biofuel production.
and catalysts for all of the complex mixtures involved in creating these products is of paramount importance
The consortium known as the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) shared results from analyses of genetic data
ENIGMA's scientists screen brain scans and genomes worldwide for factors that help or harm the brain said ENGIMA cofounder Professor Paul Thompson from University of Southern California.
This crowdsourcing and sheer wealth of data gives us the power to crack the brain's genetic code.
and genetic data to make this kind of study possible. By working together in large collaborative projects we can tackle these types of problems and further our understanding of the biology of the brain.
#Major breakthrough in reading ancient scrolls A breakthrough not only in digital imaging techniques the first-of-its-kind software could also have profound impacts on history and literature.
Without unrolling the scrolls Seales'software will run extremely high-resolution images from the tangled surfaces making sense of the jumbled letters into words and words into passages.
The software will combine novel methods for finding the scroll surfaces together with a user-guided interface for correcting mistakes
In other words it will pull out a page that displays writing from the data they currently have
Because of this Seales his team partners and physicists will be able to optimize the scanning process on site allowing them to see an entire page unwrapped without ever leaving the facility.
We have a ton of data from all of our preliminary work and from the 2009-2010 work.
We're using that data to build software so that we can pull out large sections and flatten them said Seales.
The software we're building will be the first to visualize data in that way and it's crucial to uncovering the works inside the Herculaneum scrolls.
Supported by a three-year $500000 National Science Foundation grant and by Google where Seales spent his sabbatical in 2012-2013 the computer science professor has begun working to develop the software.
Seales'sabbatical at Google was crucial to the new imaging method and he credits Google as the impetus for being unstuck in the project. UK students are also driving the progress.
The computer science professor is working on the software with a team of UK undergraduate and graduate students including:
In addition to UK students Seales is working with Seth Parker video editor at the UK Center for Visualization
The scans will utilize Seales'software as well as the new x-ray technique. Seales said the project plan is to release working software
and datasets as soon as possible for scholars to examine. By project's end the team hopes to have created a software tool
and a set of scans of scrolls that together will transform the hopelessly damaged Herculaneum collection into new literary discoveries he said.
#NASA Microsoft collaboration will allow scientists to'work on Mars'NASA and Microsoft have teamed up to develop software called Onsight,
a new technology that will enable scientists to work virtually on Mars using wearable technology called Microsoft Hololens.
Developed by NASA's Jet propulsion laboratory in Pasadena, California, Onsight will give scientists a means to plan and,
"Onsight will use real rover data and extend the Curiosity mission's existing planning tools by creating a 3-D simulation of the Martian environment where scientists around the world can meet.
Until now, rover operations required scientists to examine Mars imagery on a computer screen, and make inferences about
The Onsight system uses holographic computing to overlay visual information and rover data into the user's field of view.
Holographic computing blends a view of the physical world with computer-generated imagery to create a hybrid of real and virtual.
members of the Curiosity mission team don a Microsoft Hololens device, which surrounds them with images from the rover's Martian field site.
They then can stroll around the rocky surface or crouch down to examine rocky outcrops from different angles.
"Previously, our Mars explorers have been stuck on one side of a computer screen. This tool gives them the ability to explore the rover's surroundings
The joint effort to develop Onsight with Microsoft grew from an ongoing partnership to investigate advances in human-robot interaction.
"The data from the studies have been shared with federal regulators, he added, with the aim of launching a clinical trial to test the system at UPMC this year."
https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=7jifnfoj3oy&feature=youtu. b b
#Medicaid'fee bump'to primary care doctors associated with better access to appointments The increase in Medicaid reimbursement for primary care providers,
and gives policymakers some concrete data to consider moving forward.""The other study authors include Michael Richards, MD, Phd,
and genetic data worldwide to pinpoint genes that enhance or break down key brain regions in people from 33 countries.
"ENIGMA's scientists screen brain scans and genomes worldwide for factors that help or harm the brain--this crowdsourcing and sheer wealth of data gives us the power to crack the brain's genetic code,
The MRI analysis focused on genetic data from seven regions of the brain that coordinate movement, learning, memory and motivation.
creating 12 research hubs across the United states to improve the utility of biomedical data. USC's two BD2K centers of excellence, including ENIGMA,
"This'Big data'alliance shows what the NIH Big data to Knowledge (BD2K) Program envisions achieving with our 12 Centers of Excellence for Big data Computing
The researchers found in a mouse model of sepsis that sildenafil more commonly known as Viagra induced the liver to produce greater amounts of a protein called CYCLIC GMP
these core/shell particles self-assemble into a thin film upon water removal. The whole procedure takes less then 24 hours.
which was developed by researchers from the University's Optoelectronics Research Centre (ORC) has potential applications in a number of fields that use pulsed lasers including telecommunications metrology sensing and material processing.
Through the precise control of the amplitude and phase of each laser's output it is possible to produce complex pulsed optical waveforms with a huge degree of user flexibility.
and the computer uses the reading to calculate the glucose concentration. The process is repeated then with UV LIGHT.
The computer then uses these two different readings to calculate the premature baby's blood sugar level.
or radio waves from bouncing at interfaces between materials,"said physicist Charles Black, who led the research at Brookhaven Lab's Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN), a DOE Office of Science User Facility.
Preventing reflections requires controlling an abrupt change in"refractive index, "a property that affects how waves such as light propagate through a material.
and began working on a screen for molecules that tweak cell shape. Most drug screens look for an effect on a specific biochemical pathway that has been linked to disease;
by contrast Surcel explains this screen is based on the end result for a whole cell--in this case the amoeba Dictyostelium
which closely resembles a number of mammalian cell types. After treating the cells with a molecule Robinson's team looked for out-of-the-ordinary numbers of cells with two or more nuclei.
A screen of thousands of molecules turned up 25 with the effect the team was looking for Further studies revealed that one of them 4-HAP affected myosin II a building block of the cell skeleton.
Mohs and co-authors report on their prototype system that combines a fluorescent dye that localizes in tumors with a real-time imaging system that allows the surgeon to simply view a screen to distinguish between normal tissue and the ightedmalignant tissue.
an urban research and business park specializing in biotechnology, materials science and information technology. Wake Forest Baptist clinical, research and educational programs are ranked annually among the best in the country by U s. News & World Report u
of mouse Ngly1 gene expression. Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science the paper details how lack of the Ngly1 protein results in the incomplete removal of the sugar portion of glycoproteins--a process called deglycosylation.
In mouse models, deletion of the gene that codes for a protein that promotes the production of camp resulted in spontaneous bronchial asthma,
"Raz noted that the genetic mouse model developed for the research shares multiple similarities with human allergic asthma,
#New laser for computer chips: International team of scientists constructs first germanium-tin semiconductor laser for silicon chips The transfer of data between multiple cores as well as between logic elements and memory cells is regarded as a bottleneck in the fast-developing computer technology.
Data transmission via light could be the answer to the call for a faster and more energy efficient data flow on computer chips as well as between different board components.
Signal transmission via copper wires limits the development of larger and faster computers due to the thermal load and the limited bandwidth of copper wires.
The clock signal alone synchronizing the circuits uses up to 30%of the energy--energy which can be saved through optical transmission explains Prof.
Some long-distance telecommunication networks and computing centres have been making use of optical connections for decades.
Through optical fibres signal propagation is almost lossless and possible across various wavelengths simultaneously: a speed advantage
Along with computer chips completely new applications that have not been pursued so far for financial reasons may
In the future cost-effective portable sensor technology--which may be integrated into a smart phone--could supply real-time data on the distribution of substances in the air
It provides data on the gene expression profiles of hundreds of individual cells in a single experiment producing an exact picture of the individual cell types.
However the fundamental complexity of single-cell transcriptome profiles has posed a major challenge to making sense of the data.
If all you have is gene expression data from single cells you need a way to identify
#New high-speed 3-D microscope--SCAPE--gives deeper view of living things Her study is published in the Advance Online Publication (AOP) on Nature Photonics's website on January 19 2015.
The emergence of fluorescent proteins and transgenic techniques over the past 20 years has transformed biomedical research even delivering neurons that flash as they fire in the living brain.
and her collaborators have used already the system to observe firing in 3d neuronal dendritic trees in superficial layers of the mouse brain.
and Information system) the GFZ has started to observe the volcano eruption and to provide support on data acquisition and interpretation.
Our team the GFZ Hazard and Risk Team HART works in close collaboration with the University of Cape verde the Volcano Observatory of the Canary islands and the German Aerospace Centre says GFZ-volcanologist Dr
. Thomas Walter. On one hand we are analysing data from the newest remote sensing satellites to develop models of the magma ascent path.
On the other we are collecting data on the lava flows directly in the field by installing volcano monitoring instruments.
The satellite data which is acquired by the European space agency's Sentinel-1 satellite enables the measurement of ground movements associated with the volcano eruption.
This remote sensing data is complemented by an expedition team that is making different types of measurements.
This data allows us to quantify the erupted lava volumes and also to better assess the hazard associated with lava flows to come.
and repurposed from other tissue types by transposons--ancient mobile genetic elements sometimes thought of as genomic parasites.
Lynch and his colleagues used high-throughput sequencing to catalog genes expressed in the uterus of several types of living animals--placental mammals (a human, monkey, mouse, dog, cow, pig, horse and armadillo
Many of the ancient mammalian transposons possessed progesterone binding sites that regulate this process. By randomly inserting themselves into other places in the genome,
All samples were sent immediately to Stanford's Human Immune Monitoring Core which houses the latest immune-sleuthing technology under a single roof.
software specialist Sanchita Bhattacharya; and MD/Phd student Cesar Lopez Angel. The study was funded by the National institutes of health (grants U19ai057229 U19ai090019 DA011170 DA023063 AI057229 AI090019 ES022153 and UL1 RR025744) SRI the Howard hughes medical institute the Wenner-Gren Foundation and the Sweden-America Foundation.
With the help of specific mouse models we demonstrate that the expression of Fra-2 in keratinocytes induces the expression of genes in the EDC the authors write.
computer chips, and the nanomaterials involved in energy conversion or storage. But this also means that the X-rays pass straight through conventional lenses without being bent or focussed.
a postdoctoral fellow in Kipnis'lab. The vessels were detected after Louveau developed a method to mount a mouse's meninges--the membranes covering the brain--on a single slide
Sorted according to species and sites of capture, the scientists combined the captured mosquitoes into 432 mixed samples.
the researchers inserted the equivalent of a computer programme into the DNA of the bacterial cells.
Jérôme Bonnet's team in Montpellier's Centre for Structural Biochemistry (CBS) had the idea of using concepts from synthetic biology derived from electronics to construct genetic systems making it possible to"programme"living cells like a computer.
the cornerstone of genetic programming The transistor is the central component of modern electronic systems. It acts both as a switch and as a signal amplifier.
In informatics, by combining several transistors, it is possible to construct"logic gates, "i e. systems that respond to different signal combinations according to a predetermined logic.
such as smartphones, rely on the use of transistors and logic gates. During his postdoctoral fellowship at Stanford university in the United states
"Qihong and his colleagues have found a target that could result in a more accurate test than any method that's been used to screen for non-small cell lung cancer to date,
"This is the second time Wistar has identified a potential method for creating a blood test to screen for lung cancer.
Positive interim data for this test was presented recently at the American Thoracic Society International Conference e
and accumulate at the tumor site. However, tests of these nanodrugs show that only between one and 10 percent of the drugs are delivered to the tumor site
with the majority of the remainder being diverted to the liver and spleen.''The body's immune system, especially the liver and spleen, has been one of the biggest stumbling blocks in developing nanoscale chemotherapy drug delivery systems,
The researchers believe that this increased availability will allow more of the drug to reach the tumor site,
The discovery is the latest development in a long investigation sparked by a chance observation in an unusual mouse strain.
Years of subsequent research involving the MRL mouse led Heber-Katz and colleagues to theorize that the HIF-1a pathway,
of which is increased markedly before and after injury in the MRL mouse. Under normal oxygen conditions, HIF-1a is degraded by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDS.
their group found that it was possible to achieve healthy tissue regrowth in a mouse model in situ, without the use of stem cells."
However, no such tools yet exist for mining the fast-growing mountain of published experimental data in regeneration
Lobo and Levin developed an algorithm that would use evolutionary computation to produce regulatory networks able to"evolve"to accurately predict the results of published laboratory experiments that the researchers entered into a database."
so that the head-tail patterning outcomes of simulated experiments would match the published data, "Lobo said.
Tufts biologists devloped an algorithm that used evolutionary computation to produce regulatory networks able to"evolve"to accurately predict the results of published research on planarian regeneration.
The algorithm compared the resulting shape from the simulation with real published data in the database.
gradually the new networks could explain more experiments in the database comprising most of the known planarian experimental literature regarding head vs. tail regeneration.
Arraythe researchers ultimately applied the algorithm to a combined experimental dataset of 16 key planarian regeneration experiments to determine
After 42 hours, the algorithm returned the discovered regulatory network, which correctly predicted all 16 experiments in the dataset.
Lobo and Levin are trained both in computer science and bring an unusual perspective to the field of developmental biology.
Levin majored in computer science and biology at Tufts before earning his Ph d. in genetics. Lobo earned a Ph d. in the field before joining the Levin lab. The paper represents a successful application of the growing field of"robot science
"While the artificial intelligence in this project did have to do a whole lot of computations, the outcome is a theory of
not only data mining but also inference of meaning of the data.""This work was supported with funding from the National Science Foundation grant EF-1124651, National institutes of health grant GM078484, USAMRMC grant W81xwh-10-2-0058,
Computation used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by NSF grant OCI-1053575,
and a cluster computer awarded by Silicon Mechanics s
#Your viral infection history in a single drop of blood With Virscan, scientists can run a single test to determine which viruses have infected an individual,
A similar approach could also be used to screen for antibodies against other types of pathogens s
and may also help the food industry screen against contamination with harmful pathogens, according to researchers. A new way of rapidly identifying bacteria,
and may also help the food industry screen against contamination with harmful pathogens, according to researchers at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) in Daejeon, South korea.
and computer software to analyze the images and identify them by comparing them to other, known bacteria.
The software uses a machine-learning algorithm--the sort computers connected to security cameras might use for automated facial recognition.
They then applied software they designed to the analysis, which used a conventional approach to statistical classification known as machine learning--a sorting strategy based on pattern similarities that has been used extensively in applications like facial recognition software.
This was the first time anyone had applied machine learning to Fourier Transform light scattering data, Park said. They are now looking to extend their initial work to see
if they can distinguish between several types of bacterial subgroups--to identify the most drug resistant or virulent strains from the innocuous ones.
In principle, the approach could be scaled up to screen for contaminated food or suspicious packages s
#New approach for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Arrayprof. Dr. Oliver Eickelberg and Dr. Claudia Staab-Weijnitz of the Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) at Helmholtz Zentrum München and their colleagues at LMU University Hospital in Munich and Yale university
The researchers analyzed microarray data of samples from German patients and from an IPF cohort of the Lung Tissue Research Consortium in the U s. The analysis revealed elevated levels of the protein FKBP10
#Ultrasound, algorithms to diagnose bacterial meningitis in babies Three researchers from Spain and one from UK, Javier Jiménez, Carlos Castro, Berta Martí and Ian Butterworth,
-which already has a prototype-was to"facilitate the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis using imaging technologies and algorithms."
The image obtained is analysed then by image-processing algorithms to determine the presence of cells indicating infection
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