Among other applications of this sensor, mention can be made of desulfurization of petroleum products, production of jet fuel and launching of aircrafts and other aerospace applications.
Eindhoven researchers make important step towards a solar cell that generates hydrogen A solar cell that produces fuel rather than electricity.
The material gallium phosphide enables their solar cell to produce the clean fuel hydrogen gas from liquid water.
If this generates a fuel then one speaks of solar fuels-a hugely promising replacement for polluting fuels.
One of the possibilities is to split liquid water using the electricity that is generated (electrolysis.
Among oxygen, this produces hydrogen gas that can be used as a clean fuel in the chemical industry
But many of the advances rely on petroleum-based plastics and toxic materials. Yu-Zhong Wang, Fei Song and colleagues wanted to seek a greener way forward.
fuel consumption can be reduced. Systematic application of our new method could save more than 100 billion liters of fuel each year over the next ten years
says Prof. Andreas Leson from the Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS in Dresden, referencing a study that was published in the journal Tribology International in 2012.
The automotive and motorcycle manufacturer BMW is working intensively on the industrial-scale implementation of ta-C engine components in its various vehicle models with the aim of reducing their fuel consumption.
For each sector, they then analyzed the current amount and source of the fuel consumed-coal oil, gas, nuclear,
renewables-and calculated the fuel demands if all fuel usage were replaced with electricity. This is a significantly challenging step-it assumes that all the cars on the road become electric,
and that homes and industry convert to fully electrified heating and cooling systems. But Jacobson said that their calculations were based on integrating existing technology,
So the overall cost spread over time would be roughly equal to the price of the fossil fuel infrastructure, maintenance and production."
"When you account for the health and climate costs-as well as the rising price of fossil fuels-wind,
stabilize fuel prices, reduce pollution-related health problems and eliminate emissions from the United states. There is very little downside to a conversion, at least based on this science."
It would also eliminate U s. emissions of greenhouse gases produced from fossil fuel, which would otherwise cost the world $3. 3 trillion a year by 2050 0
ethanol and isopropanol, ordered by decreasing polarity. There wasn't much agglomeration in methanol; bunches got about 30 percent bigger than they were in water.
But in ethanol and isopropanol, the clumps got 400 percent and 600 percent bigger, respectivelyreally humongous bunches.
Water splitting combines sunlight and water in a chemical reaction in order to harvest clean hydrogen energy. By smoothing the surface of hematite,
ranging from the catalysts used for the generation of energy-dense fuels from sunlight and carbon dioxide, to how bridges and airplanes rust."
-burning hydrogen fuel for transportation and industry. Stanford scientists have invented a device that produces clean-burning hydrogen from water 24 hours a day
'Clean hydrogen Hydrogen has long been promoted as an emissions-free alternative to gasoline. Despite its sustainable reputation, most commercial-grade hydrogen is made from natural gas,
a fossil fuel that contributes to global warming. As an alternative, scientists have been trying to develop a cheap and efficient way to extract pure hydrogen from water.
A conventional water-splitting device consists of two electrodes submerged in a water-based electrolyte.
'We believe that electrochemical tuning can be used to find new catalysts for other chemical fuels beyond hydrogen.
"The friction between the tire and the ground consumes about 10 percent of a vehicle's fuel,
it could give us very good improvement in fuel efficiency.""The nanogenerator relies on an electrode integrated into a segment of the tire.
#Fuel and chemicals from steel plant exhaust gases (Nanowerk News) Carbon monoxide-rich exhaust gases from steel plants are only being reclaimed to a minor extent as power or heat.
They successfully produced fuel and specialty chemicals from these exhaust gases on a laboratory scale.
Fuels and specialty chemicals can be procured from these. Image: Fraunhofer IME) The exhaust gas masses that arise from steel manufacturing plants are gigantic:
and recycled into fuels and specialty chemicals. With the aid of genetically modified bacterial strains, the research team ferments the gas into alcohols and acetone, convert both substances catalytically into a kind of intermediary diesel product,
and from this they produce kerosene and special chemicals. Participants include the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular biology and Applied Ecology IME in Aachen,
Business model instead of problem From our viewpoint, the quantities of carbon alone which rise as smoke from the Duisburg steelworks as carbon dioxide would suffice to cover the entire need for kerosene of a major airline.
and, like fats and oils, can be converted through hydrogenation into diesel fuel for cars or kerosene for planes.
which already can now directly replace petroleum-based products. For example, amines can be used in the pharmaceutical industry or the production of tensides and dying agents.
The products synthetically produced by us can be used both as fuels as well as speciality chemicals. Exactly like this has worked until now with petroleum as the raw material source
states Jennewein. In the next stage, the scientists strive to demonstrate that their technology also works with large quantities.
Our goal is to apply for certification processes for the fuels. That is how its viability for practical use will be validated officially.
and for kerosene about three years, Axel Kraft adds s
#Researchers develop new storage cell for solar energy storage, nighttime conversion (Nanowerk News) A University of Texas at Arlington materials science and engineering team has developed a new energy cell that can store large-scale solar energy even
The work opens the door for scientists to manipulate such organisms to produce compounds useful as fuels or medicines."
"In Pacific Northwest National Laboratorys Microbial Cell Dynamics Laboratory, scientists produce microorganisms for biofuels and alternative fuel research.
and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carcinogenic compounds formed from incomplete combustion of fuels, from contaminated soil. The process is irreversible
Not only does desalination use fossil fuels which emit the very same carbon emissions that the California government insists caused the drought in the first place,
and 5500 metres up and can lift more than 3000kg of payload and fuel. That gives tactical planners incredible flexibility
According to them, natural gas and oil are so much part of the problem. However, gas produced by many oil companies release about half the CO2 EMISSIONS of coal fired plants and lower levels of air pollution.
He also called natural gas a clean-burning ally to renewable such as solar and wind. Counterstrikes against fellow fossil fuels industries have been resisted by the coal industry.
It has opted instead to draw attention to new technologies that improve the efficiency of coal fired power plants or capture their CO2 EMISSIONS.
They don want fossil fuel industries to influence the climate policy i
#A blood test can detect every virus that ever infected you A test has been developed to detect every known human virus using just a single drop of blood.
unlike a lot of the petroleum-based alternatives that manufacturers use to build the bases of modern computer chips.
A Science article commenting on the new superlubricated surface mentions that"nearly one-third of a vehicle's fuel energy is spent on overcoming engine
reduce the amount of fuel used. When the diamond nanoparticles came in contact with the thin sheets of graphene (carbon that's only an atom thick) the graphene rolled up around the diamond nanoparticles,
the startup says they can save a lot of fuel on fishing vessels and improve the chances of big game for line fishers.
While a single footstep will not solve our fossil fuel problems or give enough energy to even move the car by an inch,
instead, relying on kerosene generators, battery-powered lamps or candles for light during the night.
Kerosene and candles are both fire risks, and kerosene produces toxins that can poison people in the short term,
and cause lung problems in the long term. Batteries contain strong acids, and pollute ground and water when disposed of.
distinguished professor of chemical and petroleum engineering, and Steven P. Levitan, Ph d.,John A. Jurenko professor of electrical and computer engineering, integrated models for self-oscillating polymer gels and piezoelectric micro-electric-mechanical systems to devise a new
and petroleum engineering and lead author on the paper, the researchers developed design rules for creating a hybrid"BZ-PZ"material."
#Audi has made a synthetic, high-grade fuel from plant sugars Just last month, German car manufacturer Audi invented a carbon-neutral diesel fuel,
made from water, carbon dioxide and renewable energy sources, and they say their pilot plant in Dresden will pump out 160 litres of the of the stuff every day in the coming months to power their Audi a8 cars.
Now, theye announced the development of another new type of environmentally friendly, petroleum-free synthetic fuel,
the fuel is produced by converting corn-derived glucose-a renewable source of biomass sugar-into isobutane gas.
and used to produce various types of fuels, plastics and elastomers. In this case, the team at Global Bioenergies refined it into a clear, high-grade,'unleadedfuel."
"Some of it was sent then to Germany to be converted into isooctane fuel, creating a pure, 100 octane gasoline."
"That last point refers to the octane rating of the fuel, which is the standard measure for how much compression a type of engine
or aviation fuel can withstand before it ignites. While a low octane rating is better for diesel engines,
a high rating is required for gasoline engines, and the higher the rating, the more efficient it is to use.
The team says their Isooctane fuel can be used as an additive to regular unleaded fuel to make it more efficient,
or can be used on its own as a fuel. And because their new fuel contains no benzene or sulphur
they say it burns very cleanly. While the next step of the process will be figuring out how to produce the fuel in large quantities,
the company also aims to modify the manufacturing process so that no biomass is required-just water, hydrogen,
CO2 and sunlight, like how they're producing their new'e-diesel'fuel.""We're thinking we're bringing greenness to a field that desperately needs greenness,"Rick Bockrath,
and projects dedicated to getting'e-ethanol Audi'e-diesel'and Audi'e-benzin'on the market in the coming years,
so in making petroleum-based fuels a thing of the past
#Science has found a gene for pain Scientists have identified a gene essential to the ability to sense pain, a discovery
#Scientists figure out how to make solar cells produce fuel AND electricity A new type of solar cell can convert liquid water into clean hydrogen fuel 10 times more effectively than any other technology,
and uses 10,000 times less precious material in the process. Invented by researchers in The netherlands,
Over the past few years, scientists have been figuring out how to take things one step further by using solar cells to produce both fuel and electricity.
Previous studies have shown that connecting an existing silicon solar cell to a water-splitting battery can produce hydrogen fuel,
because if it not cheaper than what we already get from fossil fuels, no one going to use it no matter how much better for the environment it is.
So far admixture of hydrogen in the natural gas grid has been limited to a few percent as storage distribution
and storage of natural gas and the standard appliances can be used further without any modifications or readjustments being required.
Via an effective methanation wind and solar power can be fed into the natural gas grid without any limitations.
and construction materials to keep fuel-generated warmth inside. Cui's team wanted to take a different approach
The infrastructure isn't in place now for hydrogen to replace gasoline as a fuel for planes trains and automobiles.
But if hydrogen becomes an alternative to gasoline Halanaerobium hydrogeniformans mass-produced on an industrial scale might be one solution
#Researchers identify materials to improve biofuel petroleum processing The University of Minnesota has two patents pending on the research
and upgrade fuel and chemical feedstock from petroleum-based and renewable resources. There are more than 200 known zeolites and hundreds of thousands predicted zeolite variations.
The first problem researchers tackled is the current multi-step ethanol purification process encountered in biofuel production.
One of the last steps involves the separation of ethanol from water. Researchers found a few all-silica zeolites with superior performance that contain pores
and channels with the ability to accommodate ethanol molecules but to shun hydrogen bonding with water molecules.
and materials science professor Michael Tsapatsis'lab was found to be so effective that it could change the ethanol/water separation process from a multi-step distillation process to a single-step adsorptive process.
The second problem researchers examined targets the upgrading of petroleum compounds into higher-value lubricant and diesel products.
which affect the pour point and viscosity of lubricants and other petroleum products. Researchers say defining appropriate sorbents
The"fuel"used is wastewater, and the products of the process are purified water droplets and electricity.
The approach could provide a pathway to eventual expansion of biofuels production beyond the current output limited to ethanol derived from corn.
C5 FUEL#,engineered by researchers at Mascoma and BESC, features fermentation and ethanol yields that set a new standard for conversion of biomass sugars from pretreated corn stover--the non-edible portion of corn crops such as the stalk--converting up to 97 percent
of the plant sugars into fuel. Researchers announced that while conventional yeast leaves more than one-third of the biomass sugars unused in the form of xylose,
Mascoma's C5 FUEL#efficiently converts this xylose into ethanol, and it accomplishes this feat in less than 48 hours.
The finding was presented today at the 31st International Fuel Ethanol Workshop in Minneapolis."The ability to partner the combined expertise at Mascoma
and BESC in engineering microbes to release and convert sugars from lignocellulosic biomass has accelerated greatly the translation of basic research outcomes to a commercial product,
and continued efforts through BESC could go a long way toward reducing the cost of ethanol and growing the number of commercial-level ethanol production plants.
which significantly increases overall sugar yield and thereby increases the level of ethanol produced. In fact
it could be considered for other sites where uranium was processed for nuclear arsenals or power plant fuel. While the problem isn't widespread,
#Protein discovery fuels redesign of mosquito-based malaria vaccine A promising type of vaccine designed to eradicate malaria by blocking parasite transmission could be a step closer,
'Arrayhydrogen has long been promoted as an emissions-free alternative to gasoline. Despite its sustainable reputation, most commercial-grade hydrogen is made from natural gas,
a fossil fuel that contributes to global warming. As an alternative, scientists have been trying to develop a cheap and efficient way to extract pure hydrogen from water.
A conventional water-splitting device consists of two electrodes submerged in a water-based electrolyte.
'We believe that electrochemical tuning can be used to find new catalysts for other chemical fuels beyond hydrogen.
system-level process of clostridial acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation, "explained Ting Lu, an assistant professor of bioengineering at Illinois."Simultaneously,
Ph d.,distinguished professor of chemical and petroleum engineering, and Steven P. Levitan, Ph d.,John A. Jurenko professor of electrical and computer engineering, integrated models for self-oscillating polymer gels and piezoelectric micro-electric-mechanical systems to devise a new
and petroleum engineering and lead author on the paper, the researchers developed design rules for creating a hybrid"BZ-PZ"material."
And yet, PLA is considered not yet a full alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics, as it is costly to produce.
However, PLA is not yet a full alternative for petroleum-based plastics due to its cost. The production process for PLA is expensive because of the intermediary steps."
Of course, PLA will never fully replace petroleum-based plastics. For one thing, some objects, such as toilet drain pipes, are meant not to be biodegradable.
Considering that nearly one-third of every fuel tank is spent overcoming friction in automobiles, a material that can achieve superlubricity would greatly benefit industry and consumers alike.
The doctoral student initially made a suspension of silver nanowires in ethanol using wet-chemistry techniques. She then transferred this suspension with a pipette onto a substrate, in this case a silicon solar cell.
The study is also a reminder that the burning of fossil fuels remains the main cause of global warming.
Burning fuel produces about four times more climate pollution every year than forestry and agriculture combined figure that is growing.
Such impacts are harder to quantify accurately than are the pollution impacts of burning fuel.
"Less fuel-burn lowers the cost to get up there, plus it enhances spacecraft operational flexibility, survivability and longevity."
such as those used to measure natural gas flowing in pipelines, by applying a fundamental physical principle:
However, diesel fuel is expensive to deliver to these locations, and diesel generators, though inexpensive to install,
engineers have been working with alternative fuels. A Norwegian engineer is currently pursuing a new approach: With Vindskiptm, he has designed a cargo ship that is powered by wind and gas.
Starting from 2020, ships will only be allowed to use fuel containing maximum 0. 1 percent sulfur in their fuel in certain areas.
Shipping companies are thus facing a major challenge in reducing their fuel costs while complying with the emission guidelines.
A new way of reducing fuel consumption, emissions and bunker expenses is being pursued by the Norwegian engineer Terje Lade,
and cost-effective propulsion machinery running on liquefied natural gas (LNG). With the combination of wind and liquefied natural gas as an alternative fuel to heavy fuel oil,
the fuel consumption is estimated to be only 60 percent of a reference ship on average. Carbone dioxide emissions are reduced by 80 percent, according to calculations by the Norwegian company.
Weather routing module determines the optimal course For efficient operation, it is critical that the available wind energy is used in the best possible way.
in order to consume as little fuel as possible. As a result costs are reduced. After all, bunker expenses account for the largest part of the total costs in the shipping industry,
Due to its very low fuel consumption, Vindskip#can utilize liquefied natural gas (LNG) as fuel and still be capable in the worst case of 70 days of steaming between bunkering.
it can meet all of today and tomorrow challenges with regards to fuel economy and emission control.
multi-rotor UAV (Unmanned aerial vehicle) that uses its own structural elements to store fuel. e realized that the structures of these drones were hollow inside,
According to HUS, this amount of hydrogen fuel should provide as much energy as 3 kg worth of lithium batteries.
Researchers hope that as the new HUS Hycopter hits the market later this year (no word on the pricing yet), hydrogen fuel cell technology,
But many of the advances rely on petroleum-based plastics and toxic materials. Yu-Zhong Wang, Fei Song and colleagues wanted to seek a reenerway forward.
CNF offers many benefits over current chip substrates, she says. he advantage of CNF over other polymers is that it a bio-based material and most other polymers are based petroleum polymers.
While biofuels have proven to be an effective, renewable, low-carbon alternative to gasoline and diesel, jet fuels pose unique challenges.
and the BP energy company. ee combined chemical catalysis with life-cycle greenhouse gas modeling to create a new process for producing bio-based aviation fuel as well as automotive lubricant base oils,
a chemical engineer with joint appointments at Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley. he recyclable catalysts we developed are capable of converting sugarcane biomass into a new class of aviation fuel and lubricants with superior cold
The paper is titled ovel pathways for fuels and lubricants from biomass optimized using life-cycle greenhouse gas assessment.
The concentrations of carbon and other greenhouse gases in Earth atmosphere are now at their highest levels in the past three million years, primarily as a result of the burning of petroleum and other fossil fuels.
jet fuels have stringent requirements that must be met. et fuels must be oxygen-free, have the right boiling point distribution and lubricity,
meaning the fuel can become gelatinous in the cold temperatures of the stratosphere, Bell says. iofuel solutions,
such as farnesane, mixed directly with petroleum jet fuel have been tested, but offer only modest greenhouse gas reduction benefits.
the IPCC pointed out that drop in biofuels are the only viable alternative to conventional jet fuels,
she says. f we want to reduce our dependence on petroleum, air travel is going to require renewable liquid fuels
because batteries and fuel cells simply aren practical. The process developed at EBI can be used to selectively upgrade alkyl methyl ketones derived from sugarcane biomass into trimer condensates with better than 95-percent yields.
These cycloalkane compounds can be tailored for the production of either jet fuel or automotive lubricant base oils.
Lubricant base oils can produce even more greenhouse gas emissions on a per-mass basis than petroleum-derived fuels
if even a fraction of the lubricant is repurposed as fuel. The ability of the EBI process to yield jet fuel
or lubricants should be a significant advantage for biorefineries. ugarcane biorefineries today produce ethanol, sugar and electricity, says PNAS paper co-author Gokhale, a chemical engineer,
who is managing the research project from BP side. xpanding the product slate to include aviation fuels
and lubricant base oils could allow for operators to manage their market risks better, which is exactly how petrochemical refinery complexes operate today.
the fibrous residue that remains after juice is extracted from sugarcane stalk, into fuels and other products.
This new EBI process for making jet fuel and lubricants could also be used to make diesel
and additives for gasoline as Gokhale explains. ith some minimal modifications to both the catalysts
Although the goal of this study was to develop a strategy for the flexible production of jet fuels and lubricant base oils in a Brazilian sugarcane refinery,
Anna C. Balazs, Phd, Distinguished Professor of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Steven P. Levitan, Phd, John A. Jurenko Professor of Electrical and Computer engineering, integrated models for self-oscillating polymer gels and piezoelectric micro-electric-mechanical systems to devise a new
By working with Dr. Victor V. Yashin, Research Assistant professor of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and lead author on the paper,
it could give us very good improvement in fuel efficiency Improving fuel efficiency would benefit everyone it would help automotive industry meet new strict regulations for emissions,
However, scientists estimated that fuel efficiency could be improved by as much as 10%,given 50%friction energy conversion efficiency.
and 10%savings in terms of fuel consumption are pretty big leap forward. But, as usual, we will have to wait
It widely utilized in an eclectic collection of fields spanning anthropology, fuel science, physiology and meteorology.
Sustainable, low-carbon fuel Hydrogen presents a significant opportunity as a sustainable, low-carbon alternative to fossil-based transport fuels.
how to keep milk cold without burning diesel fuel. Theye been selling refrigerators in India for two years;
The dairy collection center in Chetawala, in the state of Rajasthan, estimates that it saves around 40,000 rupees ($628) a month on diesel fuel and reduced milk spoilage since installing a Rapid Milk Chiller
The idea is that instead of making chips from petroleum-based plastic, we'd be able to use cellulose nanofibril-a flexible,
contaminated a 4-mile stretch from El Refugio State Beach to El Capitan State Beach with more than 20,000 gallons (500 barrels worth) of crude oil before the leak was stopped in the afternoon.
This summer, United airlines will starting flying planes using fuel derived from farm animal poop and fats.
The effort is an attempt to curb the greenhouse gas emissions produced by burning jet fuel in commercial aircraft.
The animal-based propellent is produced by California-based Altair Fuels. Wee not letting our animal waste go to wastethe initiative doesn stop there.
but this marks the biggest ever investment in alternative fuels by a major commercial airline, reports The New york times. Eventually, United plans to integrate biofuels into its entire fleet.
Typical fossil fuels used in aviation are formed from the organic remains of dead plants and animals that have been buried deep within the Earth.
Burning these fuels is great for combustion but it also releases the organic materialscarbon components into the atmosphere,
and measure the concentration of carbon dioxide and ethanol molecules being exhaled from the body. These molecules give off a certain wavelength
The sensors will act as a tracking system to measure the ratio of carbon dioxide molecules to ethanol molecules produced by the driver.
If the ratio hits a certain threshold of ethanol to carbon, the car won't start.
including ethanol levels in the tissue. If the levels register as 0. 08%or more, the car won't start.
The machine will only be setup to analyze ethanol levels, and take multiple readings to ensure an accurate conclusion.
#Scientists Invented Bionic Leaf to Convert Solar energy into Liquid fuel Aided by a new technique, a team of researchers has found a way of converting solar energy into liquid fuel.
which can better handle liquid fuels. Harvard researchers have invented a bionic leaf an integrated system, in which sunlight can be used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen.
to form the liquid fuel isopropanol. Researcher Pamela Silver stated his is a proof of concept that you can have a way of harvesting solar energy and storing it in the form of a liquid fuel.
It is a small leaf sized solar device which is submerged in water to produce hydrogen.
June 24, 2015-One of the knocks against hydrogen fuel cells comes from the way we create hydrogen by burning natural gas.
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