It turns out that most atmospheres have lost a lot of gas over their lifetimes. On Mars it may be as much as 99 per cent.
The sun is currently zipping through one of the Milky way's spiral arms at a relative speed of about 23 kilometres per second ploughing through thin clouds of interstellar dust and gas.
The laser pulse ionises inert helium gas generating a stream of high-speed electrons. This electron beam is directed at a thin metallic foil
Some of these clumps begin gathering gas from the disc and become the cores of gas giants like Jupiter.
According to models of this process as the clumps get larger they feel more drag as they move through the gas and dust.
or larger one that sees smaller dust grains only about 50 micrometres wide and one that sees cold gas.
The team found that the gas and the small dust grains form rings of evenly distributed material all the way around Oph IRS 48.
If the idea is sound there must be a way to make vortices without first making giant planets perhaps involving the star heating the gas until it creates a region of instability.
When this article was published first on 6 june 2013 it mistook the temperature of the gas that Nienke van der Marel
Instead of climbing into a conventional bulky gas-pressurized suit an astronaut may don a lightweight stretchy garment lined with tiny musclelike coils.
thus avoiding the gas pressure altogether. We combine passive elastics with active materials. Ultimately the big advantage is mobility and a very lightweight suit for planetary exploration.
and oil and gas industries are now using the Akselos software. The startup is also providing software for an MITX course on structural engineering.
which electricity runs through a gas to produce light. These are very bright but can be as large as trucks
#A new way to detect leaks in pipes Explosions caused by leaking gas pipes under city streets have made frequently headlines in recent years,
In addition to their potential for dangerous explosions, leaking gas pipes can be a significant contributor to global warming:
Methane, the primary constituent of natural gas, is a greenhouse gas 25 times more potent than carbon dioxide.
and should be effective in gas, water, and oil pipes. MIT mechanical engineering professor Kamal Youcef-Toumi, a co-author of the research papers,
People in rural Alaska rely on gas and diesel generators for power paying upward of $1 per kilowatt-hour for electricity.
while producing small amounts of burnable methane, have gained popularity in the last few decades but such systems only function under specific circumstances,
The sensors detected changes in oxygen pressure as small as 15 millimeters of mercury and it took less than 10 minutes to see the effects of a change in inhaled gas.
they also modified plants to detect the gas nitric oxide. Together these represent the first steps in launching a scientific field the researchers have dubbed lant nanobionics. lants are very attractive as a technology platform,
Lean green machines The researchers also showed that they could turn Arabidopsis thaliana plants into chemical sensors by delivering carbon nanotubes that detect the gas nitric oxide,
and charging them requires plug-in infrastructure that s still sparse in the United states. Now MIT spinout XL Hybrids is upfitting (and retrofitting) gas and diesel commercial vans and trucks with fuel-saving add-on electric powertrains
But XL Hybrids innovation comes from targeting commercial fleet vehicles with a good value proposition all around Hynes says offering low-cost equipment quick installation savings on gas and oil and easy integration.
supplying them with the essential gas. This blood deoxygenation causes the hemoglobin in sickle cells to form long fibrous chains,
Oxygen diffuses from the gas compartment to the microfluidic channel, allowing researchers to control how much oxygen cells are exposed to.
which companies typically produce from natural gas a high-cost process that consumes valuable gas resources and releases high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2).
but spreads out to fill a confined space as a gas does. Add oil to supercritical water (SCW) and stir,
The sulfur combines with hydrogen atoms to form hydrogen sulfide, a gas that can easily be removed and dealt with using existing technology.
Those results define for the first time the key roles played by water in the SCW system. e confirmed that the hydrogen atoms needed to convert the sulfur to hydrogen sulfide can be provided by water rather than by hydrogen gas,
While this can be achieved through biological conversion (using bacteria to convert the nitrate to nitrogen gas),
and exposed to sunlight produces hydrogen gas. The scientists say that the technique could allow their technology to be scaled up at low cost.
Nanoporous carbon materials can also adsorb gas pollutants work as environmental filters or be used in water treatment.
You put a hydrogen-containing gas on one side apply small electric current and collect pure hydrogen on the other side.
"The first tests conducted with Biogàsplus demonstrated that product increases up to 200%the production of this combustible gas.
boilers or gas dispensers, said López Cuellar. Manufacturing methods of the alloys are very specific,
Scaling this research up in the future may mean that you could replace the gas in your cars and generators with hydrogen greener option,
we were able to demonstrate an energy-rich biologically-inspired alternative to gas.""This research,"Photoinduced Electron Transfer pathways in Hydrogen-Evolving Reduced graphene oxide-Boosted Hybrid Nano-Bio Catalyst,
a laboratory usually devoted to studying fuel cellshe kind that run on methane or hydrogened by Shriram Ramanathan, Associate professor of Materials science at the Harvard School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS.
652 F). Hydrogen gas was passed then through the chamber and the evaporated atoms from one of the materials were carried toward a cooler region of the tube
This represents a strong limitation for flexible electronics in a wide range of applications from active matrix displays to ultrafast light detectors and gas sensors.
It manufactures the material by blowing out gas called the source gas onto the board.
"In a liquid and gas, it's mobile and people understand that, but in a solid we don't expect this behavior.
This new form of solid stable light-sensitive nanoparticles called colloidal quantum dots could lead to cheaper and more flexible solar cells as well as better gas sensors infrared lasers infrared light emitting diodes and more.
In the type of integrated solar fuel generator that JCAP is striving to produce two half-reactions must take placene involving the oxidation of water to produce oxygen gas;
the other involving the reduction of water yielding hydrogen gas. Each half-reaction requires both a light-absorbing material to serve as the photoelectrode
Later on sky cities wafting through the Venusian atmosphere (oxygen is a lifting gas on that planet so technically a simple Nitrogen/Oxygen atmosphere
while different sensors above the ground monitor for elevated amounts of gas byproducts of the bomb-making process in the area.
during the last step, bacteria produce primarily carbon dioxide and methane gas. The Biffa plant separates the methane from the carbon dioxide,
then uses the resulting biomethane just like natural gas mined from the ground to produce electricity.
The robot fish is able to swish from side to side as onboard gas inflates
and gas are the backbone of intercontinental trade and the shipping industry represents an annual estimated average of more than#300bn worldwide.
We also lost our gas supply (from Egypt) for electricity. Jordan government had to replace gas with diesel at five times the cost.
Facing that crisis kicked the country into high gear. he government went straight into a macroeconomic stability program
The current prototype is quieter than a neighbor mowing the lawn with a gas-powered motor."
The research team says it confirmed a black hole in the galaxy's center by measuring the speed of the gas swirling around it.
The Mars Curiosity rover, for instance, has detected methane on the surface of Mars, as well as other chemical signatures suggesting the possibility of past or present life.
Instead, they used gas to push the chemical components together. It worked! The result was a transparent glass nearly as strong as steel
#A new look at superfluidity MIT physicists have created a superfluid gas, the so-called Bose-Einstein condensate, for the first time in an extremely high magnetic field.
Within this magnetic field, the researchers could keep a gas superfluid for a tenth of a second just long enough for the team to observe it.
the researchers were able to keep the superfluid gas stable for a tenth of a second.
either through a mechanical plunger or compressed gas to produce a more uniform flow, and thus a more uniform width to the extruded filament of glass.
and natural gas industries were derived using a model that analyzed year-to-year economic activity and energy production occurring within each sector of the two industries to estimate gains or losses in employment that supported electricity generation.
which are simpler in design, quieter and more environmentally friendly than conventional compressed-gas systems currently used."
This"solid state"cooling process is significantly more energy efficient than the conventional, compressed gas systems currently on the market today."
and air conditioning that can reduce the use of harmful gas fluorocarbons.""We are excited about the potential applications that are available for Dr. Stadler's technology,
argon gas is introduced. In the presence of a large voltage the argon becomes ionized and vaporizes the metals through sputtering.
Creating the alloy particles in the gas phase provides a host of benefits. The conventional solution-based approach often results in clumps of the different metals
Furthermore, the kinetically limited gas-phase approach also enables the deposition of intermediate species that would react away in solution."
One such instrument is the gas chromatography system used in a number of scientific, medical,
has used a National Science Foundation award to develop a credit-card-sized gas chromatography platform that can analyze volatile compounds within seconds."
He explained that the research community has pursued more actively"the hybrid integrated approach"for the development of micro gas chromatography system
"The manual assembly of the individual components is really a cumbersome job and increases the overall weight and footprint of the micro gas chromatography system.
the hybrid integrated approach is inconsistent with the purpose of micro gas chromatography research since further improvement in terms of size, cost,
and performance can be achieved by the single chip or monolithic integration of micro gas chromatography components"he added.
and Dr. Hamza Shakeel (Rawalpindi, Pakistan), developed a unique gas chromatography-on-chip module.""The experimental results are really encouraging
"The gas chromatography on-a-chip provides highly efficient separations and detection, reduced analysis times using temperature and flow programming,
as well as fast detection response times suitable for high-speed gas chromatography.""The system's reliability was also impressive.
#MIT Physicists Create a Superfluid in a Record-High Magnetic field Physicists from MIT have created a superfluid gas, the so-called Bose-Einstein condensate, for the first time in an extremely high magnetic field.
Within this magnetic field, the researchers could keep a gas superfluid for a tenth of a second just long enough for the team to observe it.
In the end, the researchers were able to keep the superfluid gas stable for a tenth of a second.
the whole accretion disk made of surrounding hot gas would glow in ultraviolet rays. Instead, the ultraviolet glow of the dusty disk abruptly drops off toward the center.
The infalling gas fuels the black holesngine triggering outflows and gas turbulence that incites a firestorm of star birth.
The binary black holes are predicted to spiral together and collide within a few hundred thousand years. Mrk 231 is located 600 million light-years away.
either through a mechanical plunger or compressed gas to produce a more uniform flow, and thus a more uniform width to the extruded filament of glass.
These findings could one day lead to super-dense low-power circuits as well as ultra-sensitive biosensors and gas sensors, the investigators added.
and ultra-sensitive and low-power biosensors and gas sensors to enhance the Internet of things. However, Banerjee cautions that TFETS are designed not for speed
software, and cloud system lets enterprises customize drones to check on gas pipelines, survey farm land, inspect cell towers, patrol property,
Industrial applications in everything from medical and pharma to oil and gas are huge s
as well as spikes of methane. It has also roved into an ancient streambed where liquid once flowed,
They're made from a carbon seed placed in a microwave chamber with methane or another carbon-containing gas and superheated into a glowing plasma ball.
That creates particles that crystallize into diamonds, a process that can take 10 weeks. The technology has progressed to the point that experts need a machine to tell synthesized gems apart from those extracted from mines or rivers.
A research team has created an artificial leaf that produces methane, the primary component of natural gas, using a combination of semiconducting nanowires and bacteria.
and bioplastics (derived from renewable biomass sources such as corn or biogas methane). As part of a"cradle-to-cradle"approach, the researchers will explore the fate of these materials
and bioplastics (derived from renewable biomass sources such as corn or biogas methane). As part of a"cradle-to-cradle"approach, the researchers will explore the fate of these materials
flow-gating mechanisms have also proved very useful for many practical applications designed by humans, such as gas and liquid separations, dialysis,
or extract materials is valuable for uses such as separating components of oil, gas and wastewater,
leading to high costs and risk of gas accidentally escaping into the environment. Additionally, the tunable pressurization and antifouling properties could result in more than 50-percent energy savings compared to current methods."
"Basic fluid mechanics dictate the precise extraction and output of a wide variety of liquid and gas mixtures according to easily-calculated pressure adjustments."
and may also serve as storage systems of this gas. It is a novel technology since it uses graphene for the first time as a support of organometallic compounds.
Peidong Yang, a professor of chemistry at Berkeley and co-director of the school's Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute, leads a team that has created an artificial leaf that produces methane
#Archaeal Gas Vesicle Nanoparticles Hold Potential to Develop Powerful Malaria Vaccine In a recent breakthrough to combat malaria,
Shiladitya Dassarma's laboratory at the University of Maryland School of medicine, Baltimore, USA, who has developed Archaeal gas vesicle nanoparticles (GVNPS.
oil and gas pipelines and nuclear plants has been developed by researchers at the University of Strathclyde with inspiration from the natural world.
such as gas chromatography or mass spectroscopy. hese are good ways to detect smell molecules, but they require a large amount of work before the sample is even ready to test,
An alternative fuel could be liquefied natural gas such as super-cold liquid methane; when stored as a liquid it needs far less space than gas. f a market for small business jets existed,
Precisely because there will be a shortfall in electricity generation as a result of existing nuclear-and coal and gas-power stations shutting down.
In theory, it could simply increase power generation from traditional fossil fuels such as coal and gas, but stringent, legally-binding carbon dioxide emissions targets mean this is not possible.
There is some room for an increase in gas-generated power but as we import most of this gas,
the government has concerns about energy security-it wants us to generate our own power, not rely on others for it.
Tiny"microbubbles"of gas boosted the power of the low-frequency sound waves.""The microbubbles grow and shrink in tune with the ultrasound pressure waves,
is characterized by a cluster of confounding symptoms that include chronic bloating, abdominal pain, gas, and bouts of relentless diarrhea, constipation, or both.
gas-generating calcium carbonate micro-particles that can be applied in powder form to stop critical bleeding.
The particles work by releasing carbon dioxide gas, like antacid tablets to propel them toward the source of bleeding.
"Attacks by Iranian hackers have targeted the military, oil and gas, energy and utilities, transportation, airlines, airports, hospitals and aerospace industries, among others,
and oil and gas pipelines) had been attacked by Russian hackers using Blackenergy malware, ABC reported. It was not the first time hackers tried to cripple vital US infrastructure in 2012,
which reacts with the inner platinum surface of the micromotors to generate a stream of oxygen gas bubbles that propel the micromotors around.
Ladee spacecraft confirms presence of the gas for the first time The presence of neon in the moon atmosphere has been a subject of speculation for decades.
Now, for the first time, scientists have confirmed the gas is not only present, but abundant on the moon. The discovery was made by analysing data sent back from Nasa Lunar Atmosphere and Dust environment Explorer,
While the gas is used in electric signs On earth, there is not enough neon to make the moon glow visibly,
the readings showed that some gas comes from lunar rocks. For example, Argon-40 comes from the decay of naturally occurring radioactive potassium-40,
Dr Benna believes this transient source of argon may be the result of enhanced outgassing-the release of a gas that was dissolved,
They throw 100 times more superheated gas, ash and rock into the atmosphere than run-of-the-mill eruptions-enough to blanket continents and plunge the globe into decades-long volcanic winters.
when they become a super-eruption, the resulting gigantic volcanic outbursts that throw 100 times more superheated gas,
The reaction also yields excess hydrogen gas, which can be stored and harnessed as energy in a fuel cell.
An additional 1. 9 million gallons of diesel per year will be offset by injecting the remaining renewable gas produced by the digester into the National grid natural gas pipeline on Long island.
This will enable the gas to be used to fuel compressed natural gas vehicles in other areas. The project is part of the Cleaner, Greener Communities program, a statewide initiative encouraging communities to incorporate sustainability goals and principles into local plans and projects.
"Xylochemistry could represent an important alternative to the climate-damaging use of the earth's finite resources of natural oil and gas in the production of chemicals."
This technique flows a mixture of methane, hydrogen and argon gases into a tube furnace.
At high temperatures, methane decomposes into carbon atoms that settle onto the germanium's surface to form a uniform graphene sheet.
Instead of the combustion of volatile chemicals, ion engines operate with chemically inert xenon gas. Using an electrostatic field,
the ionized gas is accelerated out of the nozzle, propelling the craft forward. This is the same type of thruster technology used on NASA Dawn spacecraft,
If a dangerous gas is detected in the air, or if a person using a restroom leaves it odorous,
generating protons and electrons as well as oxygen gas. The photocathode recombines the protons and electrons to form hydrogen gas.
NO EXPLOSIONS A key part of the design is the plastic membrane, which keeps the oxygen and hydrogen gases separate.
you burn a little bit of gas.""By offloading some of the clutching muscle forces from the calf to the passive-elastic device,
#Finnish tech could let smartphones"see"gas Smartphones are already able to monitor things such as light, sound, movement and geographical location.
if a given gas is present, and in what amount. Among other things, it has been suggested that the device could be used to measure carbon dioxide concentrations.
San diego are also all working on smartphone gas sensors s
#Aluminum"yolk"nanoparticles deliver high-capacity battery recipe Researchers at MIT and Tsinghua University in China have found a way to more than triple the capacity of the anodes,
#Boron-doped graphene to enable ultrasensitive gas sensors As an atom-thick, two-dimensional material with high conductivity,
and may eventually lead to detectors with such sensitivity that they could detect infinitesimally tiny amounts of gas in the order of parts per quadrillion.
the researchers created sensors that are able to detect gas molecules at exceptionally low concentrations;
where they were compared then with known highly sensitive gas sensors. At the same time, the Novoselov lab at the University of Manchester, UK (where graphene was synthesized first
"This multidisciplinary research paves a new avenue for further exploration of ultrasensitive gas sensors, "says Dr. Avetik Harutyunyan,
or the detection of NOX leaks in automotive or industrial areas where exhaust fumes from engines containing the gas can prove lethal in confined spaces.
The scientists also believe that their theoretical research points towards using boron-doped graphene to improve such things as lithium-ion batteries by controlling generated gas levels for optimum efficiency y
Faiad discovered a cheap and plentiful catalyst called aluminisilicate that drastically reduces the cost of converting plastic waste into gases like methane and propane,
As part of the experiment, the worms were surrounded by fluid containing tiny gas-filled bubbles. Low-intensity ultrasound waves he same type used in sonography ere amplified by the bubbles before propagating into the worms.
It will also almost certainly be used in gas-fired power plants and perhaps in nuclear reactors as well.
a pollutant gas commonly found in vehicle exhaust that also results from fossil fuel combustion. Prolonged exposure to nitrogen dioxide can be dangerous to human health,
and filter harmful gas from air.""This sensor can bring a significant change to our daily life
unlike the gas sensors invariably developed with the existing solid substrates, "says Hyung-Kun Lee,
including a small polymer panel that literally goes"poof,"changing from a solid into a gas.
Modumetal's corrosion-resistant metal laminates have won already over the oil and gas industry, which require longer-lasting materials for the construction of oil rigs.
But in gas sensing applications, copper oxide was much less widely investigated compared to other metal oxide materials.
The researchers detected carbon monoxide indirectly, by measuring the change in the resulting circuit electrical resistance in presence of the gas.
Compared to other options being explored in gas sensing which are bulky and difficult to miniaturize,
nanowire gas sensors will be cheaper and potentially easier to mass produce. The main energy cost in operating this kind of a sensor will be the high temperatures necessary to facilitate the chemical reactions for ensuring certain electrical response.
But in gas sensing applications, copper oxide was much less widely investigated compared to other metal oxide materials.
The researchers detected carbon monoxide indirectly, by measuring the change in the resulting circuit electrical resistance in presence of the gas.
Compared to other options being explored in gas sensing which are bulky and difficult to miniaturize,
nanowire gas sensors will be cheaper and potentially easier to mass produce. The main energy cost in operating this kind of a sensor will be the high temperatures necessary to facilitate the chemical reactions for ensuring certain electrical response.
Synthesis of graphene via chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of methane gas onto a copper substrate is the most common way of producing the quantity
In this process, the researchers start with methane, which adsorbs to the germanium surface and decomposes to form various hydrocarbons.
when it explored dramatically slowing the growth rate of the graphene crystals by decreasing the amount of methane in the chemical vapor deposition chamber.
Their porous properties have led to proposed application in carbon capture, hydrogen storage and toxic gas separations,
to enable solid structures with uses in gas separation and storage. Dr Thomas Bennett from the Department of Materials science and Metallurgy at the University of Cambridge says:
#Butterfly wings help break the status quo in gas sensing The unique properties found in the stunning iridescent wings of a tropical blue butterfly could hold the key to developing new highly selective gas detection sensors.
has replicated the surface chemistry found in the iridescent scales of the Morpho butterfly to create an innovative gas sensor.
This selective response to vapour molecules is the key to this bio-inspired gas sensor.
and Air force Research Laboratory, produced these new kind of colorimetric sensors that favourably compete with conventional gas sensor arrays in simplicity, stability,
but meaningful gas leaks in a multitude of industrial processes remain an unmet environmental, health,
The research team believe this highly selective colorimetric sensor could represent a significant advancement in gas leak detection performance in the future.
This technique flows a mixture of methane, hydrogen, and argon gases into a tube furnace.
At high temperatures, methane decomposes into carbon atoms that settle onto the germanium's surface to form a uniform graphene sheet.
gas bubbles of hydrogen and oxygen are formed. If this voltage is generated by sunlight in a solar cell,
then you could store solar energy by generating hydrogen gas. This is because hydrogen is a versatile medium of storing
She uses a chemical vapour coating technique (sprayed ion-layer gas reaction/Spray-ILGAR) that was developed
The produced aerosol is directed over the heated substrate using a stream of nitrogen gas resulting into a polycrystalline thin film grown on the chalcopyrite substrate over time with embedded nanoparticles of platinum.
In this process, the researchers start with methane, which adsorbs to the germanium surface and decomposes to form various hydrocarbons.
when it explored dramatically slowing the growth rate of the graphene crystals by decreasing the amount of methane in the chemical vapor deposition chamber.
generating protons and electrons as well as oxygen gas. The photocathode recombines the protons and electrons to form hydrogen gas.
A key part of the JCAP design is the plastic membrane, which keeps the oxygen and hydrogen gases separate.
Scientists have developed a simple process to treat waste coffee grounds to allow them to store methane Scientists have developed a simple process to treat waste coffee grounds to allow them to store methane.
Scientists have developed a simple process to treat waste coffee grounds to allow them to store methane London,
Methane capture and storage provides a double environmental return-it removes a harmful greenhouse gas from the atmosphere that can then be used as a fuel that is cleaner than other fossil fuels.
if we can use this for methane storage?'"'"he continues. The absorbency of coffee grounds may be the key to successful activation of the material for carbon capture."
Activated carbon derived from waste coffee grounds for stable methane storage About Institute of Physics The Institute of Physics is a leading scientific society.
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