research shows Researchers at the University of Birmingham have shown how the development of coated silica nanoparticles could be used in restorative treatment of sensitive teeth
Previous attempts have used compounds of calcium fluoride, combinations of carbonate-hydroxypatite nanocrystals and bioactive glass, but all have seen limited success as they are liable to aggregate on delivery to the tubules.
and Zhitomirsky, a materials science and engineering professor, demonstrates an improved three-dimensional energy storage device constructed by trapping functional nanoparticles within the walls of a nanocellulose foam.
The type of nanocellulose used is called cellulose nanocrystals and looks like uncooked long-grain rice but with nanometer-dimensions.
semiconducting and insulating nanoparticles. Currently, printed conductive patterns use a combination of poorly conducting carbon with other materials, most commonly silver
shows considerable protection against malaria when displayed on Archaeal gas vesicle nanoparticles. A vaccine based on this motif could confer protection against all malaria parasites.
when displayed on novel nanoparticles. This approach has the potential to prevent the parasite from multiplying in the human host
Shiladitya Dassarma's laboratory at the University of Maryland School of medicine, Baltimore, USA, who has developed Archaeal gas vesicle nanoparticles (GVNPS.
The small unique segment of enolase was fused genetically to a nanoparticle protein and this conjugated system was used to vaccinate mice.
#Engineers design magnetic cell sensors MIT engineers have designed magnetic protein nanoparticles that can be used to track cells
"Ferritin, which is as close as biology has given us to a naturally magnetic protein nanoparticle,
"The new"hypermagnetic"protein nanoparticles can be produced within cells, allowing the cells to be imaged or sorted using magnetic techniques.
"Rather than actually making a nanoparticle in the lab and attaching it to cells or injecting it into cells,
Researchers have integrated silver nanoparticles into the thin plasma polymer coating, which is up to just 100 nanometers thick.
The silver nanoparticles dissolve over a period of several weeks, and during that time they continuously release small quantities of antimicrobial silver ions,
impregnated with silver nanoparticles. Following a postdoctoral stint at the University of Virginia (UVA), she was also able to dope the paper with relatively inexpensive copper nanoparticles. he paper is really thick and sturdy,
it has less than one weight percent of silver in it, explained Dankovich, speaking at the 250th ACS National Meeting & Exposition at Boston,
#Nanoparticles used to breach mucus barrier in lungs Proof-of-concept study conducted in mice a key step toward better treatments for lung diseases Nanotechnology could one day provide an inhaled vehicle to deliver targeted therapeutic genes
and Federal University of Rio de janeiro in Brazil have designed a DNA-loaded nanoparticle that can pass through the mucus barrier covering conducting airways of lung tissue proving the concept,
or replacement genes or drugs inside a man-made biodegradable nanoparticle rapperthat patients inhale could penetrate the mucus barrier
Suk says their work with nanoparticles grew out of failed efforts to deliver treatments to people with lung diseases.
but it also makes the airway mucus harder to overcome by inhaled therapeutic nanoparticles. Most of the existing drugs for CF help clear infections but do not solve the disease underlying problems.
or corrective genes via the mucus-penetrating DNA-loaded nanoparticles could mediate production of normal, unctionalproteins long term.
DNA-loaded nanoparticles possess positive charge that caused them to adhere to negatively charged biological environments, in this case the mucus covering the lung airways.
In other words, conventional nanoparticles are too sticky to avoid unwanted off-target interactions during their journey toward the target cells.
the team developed a simple method to densely coat the nanoparticles with a nonsticky polymer called PEG,
They showed that these nanoparticles retained their sizes at a physiological environment and are capable of rapidly penetrating human airway mucus freshly collected from patients visiting the Johns Hopkins Adult Cystic fibrosis Program directed by Michael Boyle,
They demonstrated that inhaled delivery of the genes via the mucus-penetrating nanoparticles resulted in widespread production of the protein to levels superior to gold-standard,
adding that the nanoparticles did not appear to show any adverse effects, such as increased lung inflammation.
Scientists curve nanoparticle sheets into complex forms Scientists have been making nanoparticles for more than two decades in two-dimensional sheets, three-dimensional crystals and random clusters.
But they have never been able to get a sheet of nanoparticles to curve or fold into a complex three-dimensional structure.
This highly magnified image of a folded gold nanoparticle scroll shows that even though researchers can fold the membrane,
the team got membranes of gold nanoparticles coated with organic molecules to curl into tubes when hit with an electron beam.
The scientists coat gold nanoparticles of a few thousand atoms each with an oil-like organic molecule that holds the gold particles together.
the staff scientist at the Center for Nanoscale Materials who led the project. ut it a very thin membrane made of a single layer of nanoparticles. rgonne researchers are able to fold gold nanoparticle membranes in a specific
so they end up distributing themselves in a nonuniform way across the top and bottom layers of the nanoparticle sheet.
to analyze the surface of the nanoparticles. They discovered that the amount of surface covered by the organic molecules
scientists could use this method to induce folding in any nanoparticle membrane that has an asymmetrical distribution of surface molecules.
SEM images (false colour) depicting the intricate gel fibre architecture They then discovered that intertwined amongst these microscopic fibres were a profusion of nanoparticles around 100 nanometres in size.
An X-ray diffraction technique confirmed that these were nanoparticles of KUST-1 a copper-based Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) notable for its very large surface area (exceeding 2000 square-metres in each gram.
his fascinating phenomenon is exceptionally rare for gel systems incorporating MOF nanoparticles; to the best of our knowledge this is the first example of its kind reported in the literature.
But it the promise of MOF nanoparticles suitable to make into thin films for sensors and microelectronics that is particularly alluring.
e discovered that copious amounts of high-quality HKUST-1 (MOF) nanoparticles can be harvested straightforwardly by breaking down the gel fibres using methanol. hese MOF nanoparticles can then be used as a recursor making it easy to fabricate multifunctional thin films on various substrates.
Thin film sensors created using MOF nanoparticles harvested from hybrid gels The team worked with Isis Innovation to patent the technology and Samsung Electronics
or photons, using an artificially constructed atom, known as a semiconductor quantum dot. Thanks to the enhanced optical properties of this system and the technique used to make the measurements,
In the Cambridge experiment, the researchers achieved this by shining a faint laser beam on to their artificial atom, the quantum dot.
This excited the quantum dot and led to the emission of a stream of individual photons.
By scattering faint laser light from the quantum dot, the noise of part of the electromagnetic field was reduced to an extremely precise and low level
Synthetic Exosomes Could Avoid Need for Neural Progenitor Cells n combination with synthetic nanoparticles that my laboratory is developing,
and TRAIL in a nanogel delivery system without the platelet membrane. e like to do additional preclinical testing on this technique,
semiconducting and insulating nanoparticles. Currently, printed conductive patterns use a combination of poorly conducting carbon with other materials, most commonly silver,
and engineering, allowing researchers to open new windows into phenomena as vast as the universe and as small as nanoparticles.
#Nanotechnology could spur new heart treatment for arrthymia A new nanoparticle developed by University of Michigan researchers could be the key to a targeted therapy for cardiac arrhythmia,
The major challenge of adapting the therapy to heart cells was developing a nanoparticle small enough to penetrate the tiny pores inside heart capillaries,
we used nanoparticles that were about 120 nanometers in size, says Kopelman. o work inside the heart,
The team tested a treatment that delivers the photo sensitizing chemical (made from algae) to the targeted cells by injecting nanoparticles loaded with both the chemical
and an amino acid-based peptide that causes the nanoparticles to be taken up only by the targeted cells.
The low-level light destroys only the cells that have absorbed the nanoparticles leaving the other heart cells unharmed.
The team is also working to devise a method for producing larger quantities of the nanoparticles at pharmaceutical-grade standards.
Previously, nanoparticle walkers were only able to walk on precise and programmed one-and two-dimensional paths.
These microcapsules, in turn, are packed with nanoparticles that can be filled with drugs. The university said in a statement that the microcapsules stick halfway out of the film, on the side of the film that touches a patient skin.
The drugs release slowly from the nanoparticles and are stored in the microcapsules. When the elastic film is stretched
After being stretched, the microcapsule is refilled by the drugs that continue to leak out of the nanoparticles. his can be used to apply drugs directly to sites on the skin
#Optimal particle size for anticancer nanomedicines discovered Nanomedicines consisting of nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery to specific tissues
There has been a major push recently in the field to miniaturize nanoparticle size using novel chemistry
and retention the researchers developed a mathematical model of the spatiotemporal distribution of nanoparticles within a spherically symmetric tumor.
and Chinese researchers show how a unique nano-alloy composed of palladium nano-islands embedded in tungsten nanoparticles creates a new type of catalysts for highly efficient oxygen reduction the most important reaction in hydrogen fuel cells.
To stabilize the nanoparticles in practical applications they are anchored on ordered mesoporous carbon. The anchoring keep the nanoparticles stable over long time by hindering them from fusing together in the fuel cell tests.
The unique formation of the material is based on a synthesis method which can be performed in an ordinary kitchen microwave oven purchased at the local supermarket.
#Nanoparticles can act like liquid on the outside, crystal on the inside A surprising phenomenon has been found in metal nanoparticles:
They appear from the outside to be liquid droplets wobbling and readily changing shape while their interiors retain a perfectly stable crystal configuration.
or 1763 degrees Fahrenheit--so observation of any liquidlike behavior in its nanoparticles was unexpected quite Li says.
The use of nanoparticles in applications ranging from electronics to pharmaceuticals is a lively area of research;
while the exterior of the metal nanoparticles appears to move like a liquid only the outermost layers--one
If the nanoparticles are protected by even a vanishingly thin layer of oxide the liquidlike behavior is eliminated almost completely making stable circuits possible.
which revealed for the first time shape recovery of silver nanocrystals in the absence of dislocation...Li's interpretation of the experiments using atomistic modeling illustrates recent progress in comparing experiments
#DNA nanofoundries cast custom-shaped metal nanoparticles Researchers at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard university have unveiled a new method to form tiny 3d metal nanoparticles in prescribed shapes
The ability to mold inorganic nanoparticles out of materials such as gold and silver in precisely designed 3d shapes is a significant breakthrough that has the potential to advance laser technology microscopy solar cells electronics environmental testing disease
We built tiny foundries made of stiff DNA to fabricate metal nanoparticles in exact three-dimensional shapes that we digitally planned
The paper's findings describe a significant advance in DNA NANOTECHNOLOGY as well as in inorganic nanoparticle synthesis Yin said.
For the very first time a general strategy to manufacture inorganic nanoparticles with user-specified 3d shapes has been achieved to produce particles as small as 25 nanometers or less with remarkable precision (less than 5 nanometers.
The 3d inorganic nanoparticles are conceived first and meticulously planned using computer design software. Using the software the researchers design three-dimensional frameworks of the desired size
and expanded to fill all existing space within the DNA framework resulting in a cuboid nanoparticle with the same dimensions as its mold with the length width
Next researchers fabricated varied 3d polygonal shapes spheres and more ambitious structures such as a 3d Y-shaped nanoparticle and another structure comprising a cuboid shape sandwiched between two spheres proving that structurally-diverse
nanoparticles could be shaped using complex DNA mold designs. Given their unthinkably small size it may come as a surprise that stiff DNA molds are proportionally quite robust and strong able to withstand the pressures of expanding inorganic materials.
Although the team selected gold seedlings to cast their nanoparticles there is a wide range of inorganic nanoparticles that can be shaped forcibly through this process of DNA nanocasting.
A very useful property is that once cast these nanoparticles can retain the framework of the DNA mold as an outer coating enabling additional surface modification with impressive nanoscale precision.
#Plasmonic paper for detecting trace amounts of chemicals, pollutants and more Using a common laboratory filter paper decorated with gold nanoparticles,
Tian and Singamaneni created their plasmonic paper by immersing common cellulosic filter paper into a solution of gold nanoparticles.
To meet that need scientists at the U s. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) have developed a method to fabricate nanocrystalline spinel that is 50%harder than the current spinel armor materials used in military vehicles.
With the highest reported hardness for spinel NRL's nanocrystalline spinel demonstrates that the hardness of transparent ceramics can be increased simply by reducing the grain size to 28 nanometers.
or consolidates commercial nanopowders into fully dense nanocrystalline materials. Sintering is a common method used to create large ceramic and metal components from powders.
and reposition nanoparticles very close to each other to help eliminate porosity in the sintered ceramic. NRL researchers then can exploit the increased surface potential of nanoparticles for surface energy-driven densification without coarsening.
Using this EHPS approach to create the nanocrystalline spinel the NRL research team did not observe any decline in density or fracture resistance due to residual porosity.
Other researchers have tried to make nanocrystalline spinel but they have had all problems with the final product such as a reduced density reduced fracture resistance or reduced transparency.
The reduced density in other researchers work is caused by voids that cannot be removed during processing
when you make a ceramic material nanocrystalline. However in their work the NRL researchers have shown that the fracture resistance does not change suggesting that nanocrystalline ceramics can have an equivalent toughness to microcrystalline ceramics
which is important for high window lifetimes. The Hall-Petch relationship has been used to describe the phenomenon where a material's strength
and possibly replace sapphire windows with windows made out of nanocrystalline spinel. Also harder nanocrystalline spinel windows can be made thinner and still meet the current military specifications.
This thinness translates to weight savings on the vehicle. So the NRL-developed nanocrystalline spinel brings improvements in hardness window thickness and weight and cost.
A final benefit is that the NRL-developed nanocrystalline spinel is highly transparent making it useful in UV visible and infrared optics.
The armor material used by the military needs to be transparent so that both equipment and personnel can see.
A single window that could be produced using the NRL-developed nanocrystalline spinel would be transparent across many technologically important wavelengths easing design
Then they carefully injected into the mix individual water droplets that had been infused with tiny magnetic nanoparticles.
#MIT Chemists Develop a Quantum dot Spectrometer Researchers from MIT have designed a quantum dot spectrometer that is small enough to function within a smartphone,
using tiny semiconductor nanoparticles called quantum dots. Such devices could be used to diagnose diseases, especially skin conditions,
a former MIT postdoc and the lead author of a paper describing the quantum dot spectrometers in the July 2 issue of Nature.
This work also represents a new application for quantum dots, which have been used primarily for labeling cells and biological molecules,
as well as in computer and television screens. sing quantum dots for spectrometers is such a straightforward application compared to everything else that wee tried to do,
Replacing that bulky optical equipment with quantum dots allowed the MIT team to shrink spectrometers to about the size of a U s. quarter,
and to take advantage of some of the inherent useful properties of quantum dots. Quantum dots, a type of nanocrystals discovered in the early 1980s, are made by combining metals such as lead
or cadmium with other elements including sulfur, selenium, or arsenic. By controlling the ratio of these starting materials, the temperature,
However, most of the existing applications for quantum dots don take advantage of this huge range of light absorbance.
Scientists are also working on solar cells based on quantum dots, which rely on the dotsability to convert light into electrons.
Broad spectrum The new quantum dot spectrometer deploys hundreds of quantum dot materials that each filter a specific set of wavelengths of light.
The quantum dot filters are printed into a thin film and placed on top of a photodetector such as the charge-coupled devices (CCDS) found in cellphone cameras.
The more quantum dot materials there are, the more wavelengths can be covered and the higher resolution can be obtained.
In this case, the researchers used about 200 types of quantum dots spread over a range of about 300 nanometers.
and Bao showed a beautiful way to exploit the controlled optical absorption of semiconductor quantum dots for miniature spectrometers.
which vary greatly in their ability to damage skin. he central component of such spectrometers the quantum dot filter array is fabricated with solution-based processing and printing,
Jie Bao & Moungi G. Bawendi, colloidal quantum dot spectrometer, Nature 523,670 (02 july 2015; doi: 10.1038/nature1457 e
Among nanomaterials, carbon-based nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes and graphene have shown promising results, but they suffer from relatively low electrical conductivity,
are not unique to carbon-based nanoparticles, and that niobium nanowire yarn is a promising alternative. magine youe got some kind of wearable health-monitoring system,
#Nanoparticles and UV Light Clean up Environmental Pollutants A new study from MIT shows how nanoparticles can clean up environmental pollutants,
researchers from MIT and the Federal University of Goiás in Brazil demonstrate a novel method for using nanoparticles
They initially sought to develop nanoparticles that could be used to deliver drugs to cancer cells. Brandl had synthesized previously polymers that could be cleaved apart by exposure to UV light.
Nanoparticles made from these polymers have a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic shell. Due to molecular-scale forces
in a solution hydrophobic pollutant molecules move toward the hydrophobic nanoparticles, and adsorb onto their surface,
according to the researchers, was confirming that small molecules do indeed adsorb passively onto the surface of nanoparticles. o the best of our knowledge,
it is the first time that the interactions of small molecules with preformed nanoparticles can be measured directly,
we showed in a system that the adsorption of small molecules on the surface of the nanoparticles can be used for extraction of any kind,
#Solar cells Could Capture Infrared Rays for More Power Nanocrystals and organic materials convert low energy photons into visible light that a solar cell can capture.
Cadmium selenide nanocrystals with one kind of organic coating left produced violet light, while cadmium selenide nanocrystals with another type of organic coating right produced green.
Solar cell efficiencies could increase by 30 percent or more with new hybrid materials that make use of the infrared portion of the solar spectrum,
The hybrid materials are combinations of inorganic semiconductor nanocrystals, which capture the infrared photons, and organic molecules,
lead selenide nanocrystals captured near-infrared photons, and the organic compound rubrene emitted visible yellow-orange photons.
The researchers noted that lead selenide nanocrystals and rubrene were relatively inefficient at upconversion. However, in experiments with a hybrid material made of cadmium selenide nanocrystals and the organic compound diphenylanthracene,
which absorbs green light and emits violet light, the investigators could boost upconversion up to a thousandfold by coating the nanocrystals with anthracene, a component of coal tar.
This suggests that similar coatings on lead selenide nanocrystals might boost their upconversion efficiency as well.
The scientists added that the ability to upconvert two low energy photons into one high-energy photon has potential applications in biological imaging, high-density data storage,
It does this via nanoparticles that ease the transition for light as it passes between the parts of an OLED device.
One was encasing RNA in bubbles of fat-like nanoparticles of lipids. They are made with the same materials that make up cell membranes the thought was that the cell would respond well to the familiar substance.
But Alnylam and partner companies notably the Canadian startup Tekmira were making steady progress in the lab. Researchers identified one part of the lipid nanoparticles that was keeping them from delivering its cargo of RNA to the right part of a cell.
Better nanoparticles improved the potency of a drug a hundredfold and its safety by about five times clearing the way for clinical trials for FAP a crucial event that kept the company alive.
The nanoparticle delivery mechanism is costly to make and requires frequent visits to the hospital for hour-long IV infusions something patients desperate to stay alive will put up with but likely not millions of people with high cholesterol.
They contain hundreds of vials each containing a unique type of nanoparticle that Dahlman synthesized painstakingly one at a time.
For a number of reasons the liver is a relatively easy target that s where all kinds of nanoparticles tend to end up.
Last month in two separate articles they published the results of studies showing that Dahlman s new nanoparticles are a powerful way to deliver RNAI to blood vessel cells
#Plasmons Influence Carbon-Based Nanoparticles for Sensitizing Cancerous Tumors In a study published in EPJ D,
Nanoparticle radio-sensitizers are nanoscale compounds, typically composed of rare metals such as coated gold, platinum, or gadolinium.
Previous studies have revealed that gold and platinum nanoparticles produce a large number of electrons via the plasmon excitation mechanism.
In the case of a carbon nanoparticle this phenomenon yields electrons with higher energy than pure metals,
In this study, the authors analysed the spectra of secondary electrons emitted from a carbon nanoparticle composed of fullerite,
They found that a medium with an embedded carbon nanoparticle results in a number of low energy electrons several times higher than that emitted by pure water.
#Researchers Use Synthetic Strands of DNA to Create Nanoparticle Clusters and Arrays The study has been described in the journal Nature Nanotechnology.
The method resulted in arrays and clusters of nanoparticles, which represent a major milestone for designing materials with customized functions and structures for applications in medicine, optics, and energy.
These arrays of nanoparticles with predictable geometric configurations are somewhat analogous to molecules made of atoms.
there has been no easy way to impose such a specific spatial binding scheme on nanoparticles.
According to the researchers, the novel technique would allow them to organize the arrangements of a variety of nanoparticles
The researchers designed the nanoparticle architectures by means of an octahedral scaffold, with particles placed in accurate locations on the scaffold as per the specificity of DNA coding.
which multiple nanoparticles of different structures and functions can be integrated,""stated Ye Tian, CFN scientist and one of the lead authors of the paper.
In order to attach the nanoparticles to the 3d frames, the researchers designed each of the six-helix bundles in such a way that a single helix had an additional piece of single stranded-dna DNA sticking out from either ends.
When nanoparticles coated with single strand tethers are mixed with the DNA origami octahedrons the'free'pieces of DNA find one another so the bases can pair up according to the rules of the DNA complementarity code.
and the strands were fixed with a complementary sequence to gold nanoparticles. This resulted is a single gold nanoparticle fixed to individual octahedron's six vertices.
In further experiments the sequence of certain vertices was altered and complementary strands were utilized on a range of particles.
This is because the DNA molecules and nanoparticles, which constitute the frames, exhibit different densities. While some microscopy methods can show the particles alone
The images thus obtained showed that the new method used to direct the placement of nanoparticles on DNA-encoded vertices of molecular frames can prove to be effective for designing new nanomaterials.
We show that CRYO EM can be applied successfully to probe the 3d structure of DNA NANOPARTICLE clusters,
said Gállego. his solvent system preserves the DNA structures that have been developed to work in water. he solvent system could improve the combined use of metallic nanoparticles and DNA based materials.
nanoparticles are prone to aggregation. The solvent low volatility could also allow storage of assembled DNA structures without the concern that a water-based medium would dry out.
#Novel Magnetic nanoparticles Could be an Alternative to Rare earth Magnets Researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University have constructed a powerful novel magnetic material capable of decreasing the dependence of United states
The unique material is made up of nanoparticles comprising cobalt, iron and carbon atoms with a magnetic domain size measuring about 5nm.
but this has usually been achieved by arranging nanoparticles in a spiral pattern. In this new research, published in the Journal of Nanophotonics on May 21st, the nanospirals the smallest ever reported,
and are made also of continuous material rather than an array of nanoparticles. A square of the Vanderbilt spirals with 100 on each side would be less than 1/100th of a millimetre wide.
#Synchronous Computer Operates on Water Droplets Infused with Magnetic nanoparticles The computer is nearly a decade in the making,
Then they carefully injected into the mix individual water droplets that had been infused with tiny magnetic nanoparticles.
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