Anthracite (3) | ![]() |
Bituminous coal (3) | ![]() |
Burning coal (3) | ![]() |
Coal (55) | ![]() |
Coal fired (32) | ![]() |
Coal industry (5) | ![]() |
Coal plant (4) | ![]() |
GQDS were derived from bituminous coal anthracite and coke a byproduct of oil refining. The coals were each sonicated in nitric and sulfuric acids and heated for 24 hours.
Coke produced GQDS between 4 and 8 nanometers and anthracite made stacked structures from 18 to 40 nanometers with small round layers atop larger thinner layers.
"The dots in these experiments all come from treatment of anthracite, a kind of coal. The processes produce batches in specific sizes between 4. 5 and 70 nanometers in diameter.
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