or Antimony-Telluride (Sb2te3) alloys and had a peak efficiency (zt) of 1. 1, meaning the electricity going in was only slightly less than the heat coming out.
which combined all three antimony, bismuth and telluride granules into one alloy (Bi0. 5sb1. 5te3).
In still another case, TGEN testing identified the genetic culprit of the child's muscle weakness as a pathogenic EMD variant associated with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.
"The methodology is founded on molecularly dissociating water pollutants to recover the minerals necessary and sufficient in order for the human body to function properly nourished,
the naturally occurring minerals with unique magnetic properties that are used in electric vehicle (EV) motors, and wind generators.
Most present lithium-ion batteries--the most widely used form of rechargeable batteries--use anodes made of graphite, a form of carbon.
Graphite has a charge storage capacity of 0. 35 ampere-hours per gram (Ah/g; for many years, researchers have explored other options that would provide greater energy storage for a given weight.
The result is an electrode that gives more than three times the capacity of graphite (1. 2 Ah/g) at a normal charging rate
and minerals, removing toxins, and helping regulate fats and sugars in the bloodstream. As these cells die off,
#Narrowing the gap between synthetic and natural graphene Media-friendly Nobel laureates peeling layers of graphene from bulk graphite with sticky tape may capture the public imagination,
Although superconductivity has already been observed in intercalated bulk graphite--three-dimensional crystals layered with alkali metal atoms,
based on the graphite used in pencils--inducing superconductivity in single-layer graphene has eluded until now scientists.""Decorating monolayer graphene with a layer of lithium atoms enhances the graphene's electron-phonon coupling to the point where superconductivity can be induced,
Although superconductivity has already been observed in intercalated bulk graphite--three-dimensional crystals layered with alkali metal atoms,
based on the graphite used in pencils--inducing superconductivity in single-layer graphene has eluded until now scientists.""Decorating monolayer graphene with a layer of lithium atoms enhances the graphene's electron-phonon coupling to the point where superconductivity can be induced,
consists of a 200 nanometre thin layer of yttrium iron garnet (a mineral and magnetic insulator, YIG in short), with a conducting platinum strip on top of that on both sides.
you can now add hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. However, unlike the other contenders, which are covalent semiconductors,
these 2d hybrid perovskites are ionic materials, which gives them special properties of their own. Researchers at the U s. Department of energy (DOE)' s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have grown successfully atomically thin 2d sheets of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites from solution.
The ultrathin sheets are of high quality large in area, and square-shaped. They also exhibited efficient photoluminescence, color-tunability,
and characterization of atomically thin 2d hybrid perovskites and introduces a new family of 2d solution-processed semiconductors for nanoscale optoelectronic devices, such as field effect transistors and photodetectors."
The paper is titled"Atomically thin two-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites.""The lead authors are Letian Dou, Andrew Wong and Yi Yu, all members of Yang's research group.
Traditional perovskites are typically metal-oxide materials that display a wide range of fascinating electromagnetic properties,
In the past couple of years, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have been processed solution into thin films or bulk crystals for photovoltaic devices that have reached a 20-percent power conversion efficiency.
while a Phd student at Harvard university, Yang proposed a method for preparing 2d hybrid perovskite nanostructures
a hybrid perovskite made from a blend of lead, bromine, nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen atoms.""Unlike exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition methods,
which normally produce relatively thick perovskite plates, we were able to grow uniform square-shaped 2d crystals on a flat substrate with high yield
This suggests that color-tuning could be achieved in these 2d hybrid perovskites by changing sheet thickness as well as composition via the synthesis of related materials."
Scientists have experimented for decades with a class of catalysts known as zeolites that transform alcohols such as ethanol into higher-grade hydrocarbons.
As ORNL researchers were developing a new type of zeolite-based conversion technology, they found the underlying reaction unfolds in a different manner than previously thought."
Instead, an energy-producing"hydrocarbon pool"mechanism allows the zeolite catalysts to directly produce longer hydrocarbon chains from the original alcohols."
that the U s. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been researching over the last 10 years. pinel is actually a mineral,
Palacci and colleagues wrapped pale polymer around tiny cubes of hematite, a dark mineral of iron and oxygen that protrudes from the spherical beads as a reddish dot.
This film is coated on both sides with highly flexible electrodes of graphite or carbon black. When the film deforms as a result of compression or stretching,
a type of lung cancer caused by inflammation following chronic exposure to asbestos, and colon cancer in people with a history of inflammatory bowel disease, says Bogdan Fedeles,
The current industry standard for rechargeable lithium-ion battery anodes is synthetic graphite, which comes with a high cost of manufacturing
a cheaper and sustainable source to replace graphite is needed. Using biomass a biological material from living or recently living organisms,
as a replacement for graphite, has drawn recent attention because of its high carbon content, low cost and environmental friendliness.
with optimization, replace graphite anodes. It also provides a binderless and current-collector free approach to anode fabrication. ith battery materials like this,
Nanocarbon architectures derived from biological materials such as mushrooms can be considered a green and sustainable alternative to graphite-based anodes,
One of the problems with conventional carbons, such as graphite, is that they are prepared typically with chemicals such as acids
It is expected that nearly 900,000 tons of natural raw graphite would be needed for anode fabrication for nearly six million electric vehicle forecast to be built by 2020.
This requires that the graphite be treated with harsh chemicals, including hydrofluoric and sulfuric acids, a process that creates large quantities of hazardous waste.
a nanomaterial consisting of graphite that is extremely thin measuring the thickness of a single atom.
by showing that potassium can work with graphite in a potassium-ion battery a discovery that could pose a challenge and sustainable alternative to the widely-used lithium-ion battery.
people have assumed that potassium couldn work with graphite or other bulk carbon anodes in a battery, said Xiulei (David) Ji,
because they open some new alternatives to batteries that can work with well-established and inexpensive graphite as the anode,
as the charge carrier whose ions migrate into the graphite and create an electrical current.
The new findings show that it can work effectively with graphite or soft carbon in the anode of an electrochemical battery.
#Next-generation perovskite solar cells made stable by metal oxide andwichucla professor Yang Yang, member of the California Nanosystems Institute, is renowned a world innovator of solar cell technology
whose team in recent years has developed next-generation solar cells constructed of perovskite, which has remarkable efficiency converting sunlight to electricity.
Despite this success, the delicate nature of perovskite a very light, flexible, organic-inorganic hybrid material stalled further development toward its commercialized use.
perovskite cells broke down and disintegrated within a few hours to few days. The cells deteriorated even faster
mainly due to the hydroscopic nature of the perovskite. Now Yang team has conquered the primary difficulty of perovskite by protecting it between two layers of metal oxide.
This is a significant advance toward stabilizing perovskite solar cells. Their new cell construction extends the cell effective life in air by more than 10 times, with only a marginal loss of efficiency converting sunlight to electricity.
The study was published online in the journal Nature Nanotechnology. Postdoctoral scholar Jingbi You and graduate student Lei Meng from the Yang Lab were the lead authors on the paper. here has been much optimism about perovskite solar cell technology
Meng said. In less than two years, the Yang team has advanced perovskite solar cell efficiency from less than 1 percent to close to 20 percent. ut its short lifespan was a limiting factor we have been trying to improve on since developing perovskite cells with high efficiency.
Yang, who holds the Carol and Lawrence E. Tannas, Jr. Endowed Chair in Engineering at UCLA, said there are several factors that lead to quick deterioration in normally layered perovskite solar cells.
The most significant, Yang said, was that the widely used top organic buffer layer has poor stability
and can effectively protect the perovskite layer from moisture in the air, speeding cell degradation. The buffer layers are important to cell construction
Meng said that in this study the team replaced those organic layers with metal oxide layers that sandwich the perovskite layer,
now that the main perovskite problem has been solved p
#Team describes rapid, sensitive test for HIV mutations Tests that can distinguish whether HIV-positive people are infected with a drug-resistant strain
Now, a group of researchers funded by The swiss National Science Foundation have developed a new memristor prototype, based on a slice of perovskite just 5 nanometres thick.
NTU Singapore's scientists replaced the traditional graphite used for the anode (negative pole) in lithium-ion batteries with a new gel material made from titanium dioxide an abundant cheap and safe material found in soil.
NTU professor Rachid Yazami who was the co-inventor of the lithium-graphite anode 34 years ago that is used in most lithium-ion batteries today said Prof Chen's invention is the next
The technique called quartz-enhanced photoacoustic absorption spectroscopy (QEPAS invented at Rice by Tittel, Professor Robert Curl and their collaborators in 2002,
What makes the technique possible is the small quartz tuning fork, which vibrates at a specific frequency when stimulated."
"The laser beam is focused between the two prongs of the quartz tuning fork. When light at a specific wavelength is absorbed by the gas of interest,
and that excites the quartz tuning fork.""The tuning fork is a piezoelectric element, so when the wave causes it to vibrate,
But the exact mineral wealth of the asteroids most easily accessible from Earth remains unknown.
and obtaining data on the presence of water or water-rich minerals. The A6 is scheduled to launch sometime later this year Planetary Resources says it wants to pursue a est oftenphilosophy in building the A3r
electrons have had to be held in place in a ferromagnetic insulator material, like yttrium iron garnet (YIG.
It was during this experimentation with different materials that Wu found himself working with YIG on a substrate of paramagnetic gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG.
The feature will be powered by Canadian company##Graphite Software#s OS-level virtualization software. Speaking to Techcrunch back in October Blackphone cofounder Jon Callas indicated an app store was incoming detailing a plan##to expand its##hardened Android OS to include a curated app store experience#offering third party apps##it##has selected
or Samsonite so the price will reflect that. luesmart now employs eight people including the five founders.
and easily manufactured material known as perovskite, which has been generating excitement in the research community because efficiencies have been improving at a breakneck pace over the last few years.
Researchers aren sure why perovskite materials degrade quickly but theye been making progressuch as by adding a layer of carbon
Researchers recently demonstrated a perovskite solar cell that lasted over a month
#The Coming Era Of Self-Assembly Using Microfluidic Devices When it comes to building microscopic devices,
Alphabet Energy solution is tetrahedrite: an abundant, naturally occurring mineral that also happens to be more efficient on average than existing thermoelectric materials.
Ali Shakouri, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at Purdue University, says that tetrahedrite has promise
tetrahedrite costs about $4 per kilogram, whereas other thermoelectric materials cost between $24 and $146 per kilogram.
if tetrahedrite can be used to harness heat from car exhaust. Scullin says that other thermoelectric materials have achieved typically about 2. 5 percent efficiency in cars,
but tetrahedrite could reach 5 to 10 percent efficiency. hese aren incremental improvements, he says. heye really huge improvements that make really significant impact. l
and forms minerals that could sequester the carbon dioxide for hundreds or thousands of years. Last week, a major U n. climate report called attention to the importance of carbon capture and storage technology (CCS) for dealing with climate change
and iron to form carbonate minerals such as limestone. Researchers have proposed storing carbon dioxide by reacting it with basalt and other types of rock before.
says, he advantages of storing carbon in a mineral form are absolutely clear. It would be great
and graphite electrodes at a plant that also makes graphite for tires and other applications.
and some perovskite material may soon promise clean renewable for 1. 3 billion people in developing countries,
They also used a type of tiny weighing scale called an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) to measure changes in mass as little as a millionth of a gram.
"Using paper-making techniques on oxidized graphite and regeneration are the two basic methods for producing graphene,
to ensure that the graphite is oxidized completely.""Also, the graphene oxide will regenerate before the washing process and in the presence of oxidizers
Graphene is a thin atomic layer of graphite (used in pencils) with numerous properties that could be valuable in a variety of applications,
inexpensive graphite is irradiated. The process is relatively faster, safer and green devoid of any toxic substances (just graphite plus concentrated light.
Following this proof of concept, the BGU-UWA team is now planning an experimental program to scale up this initial success toward markedly improving the volume and rate at
#Michell Instruments Introduces QMA601 Quartz Crystal Microbalance Moisture Analyzer with Lower Detection Limit QCM is established a well technology,
The silicon apercould replace graphite in conventional lithium-ion EV batteries, and that where things start to get really exciting.
and discharging) is coated with a material based on graphite. Researchers appear to have reached the performance limits of graphite,
so the hunt has been on for better-performing materials. Silicon is a good candidate because, according to the folks at Bourns,
its electrical charger per unit weight of the battery is almost 10 times more than graphite.
it appears the material could be manufactured at a commercial scale more easily than other graphite replacement materials,
Some lithium-ion batteries with graphite anodes provide less than 600 Wh/L a thin sheet of lithium foil was used to replace the more conventional electrode material,
which is graphite. This new battery technology is compatible with existing battery manufacturing capabilities, so it can integrate well with them.
so they combine the calcium with carbonate ions to form calcite, or limestone, which closes up the cracks.
Air force Chief Scientist Mica Endsley told Military. com that the Air force and DARPA, the Pentagon's research entity, plan to have a new and improved hypersonic air vehicle by 2023.
'Certainly, the U s. is not the only country involved in developing hypersonic weapons,'Mica Endsley,
and minerals and has secured substantial financial backing on the Indiegogo crowd-funding website. The pen-like device is called Vitastiq and uses a smartphone as an interface.
and minerals although further study was needed. Source: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistrypublished online ahead of print.
#Quantum dots and perovskite combined to create new hyper-efficient light-emitting crystal Two optoelectronic materials getting a lot of press these days are perovskite and quantum dots.
Department of Electrical & Computer engineering had to come up with a way to incorporate highly luminescent colloidal quantum dot nanoparticles into perovskite.
then grew the perovskite crystal around that shell so the two faces aligned, "said Dr. Zhijun Ning,
whose light production depends on the perovskite matrix's ability to guide electrons into the quantum dots,
"These dots in perovskite don suffer reabsorption, because the emission of the dots doesn overlap with the absorption spectrum of the perovskite,
"said Dr. Comin. In explaining the remarkable optoelectronic properties of these so-called"heterocrystals, "the team claims that this is due to the fact that photoelectrons
and holes generated in the larger bandgap of the perovskite are transferred with 80 percent efficiency to become excitons in the quantum dot nanocrystals.
This, then, leverages the superior photocarrier diffusion of the perovskite to produce bright-light emission.
A new analysis of zircon minerals suggests that the field originated at least 4. 2 billion years ago a hop after the planet formed in the geological timeline,
A substance called magnetite that lies within the zircon crystals contains information about the magnetic field record at the time the minerals cooled from their molten state a process that took over a billion years.
Researchers Tout Solar panels Made With erovskitemineral A new generation of solar panels made from a mineral called perovskite has the potential to convert solar energy into household electricity more cheaply than ever before, according to a study from Britain Exeter University.
using lithium iron phosphate as the cathode and graphite as the anode, he said. To scale up to this goal
and rotated much more easily than a simple sheet of graphene or graphite, Berman said.
"While this honeycomb structure exists in graphite, a familiar bulk form of carbon, its special properties only show
when layers of graphene just one to few atoms thick are separated from the graphite.""Graphene conducts electricity better than graphite.
It conducts better than silver or gold, "Sanchez-Yamagishi says. Sanchez-Yamagishi built a machine in the lab that stacks extremely thin layers of graphene and similar materials.
"In graphite, normally all the layers are aligned with each other; electrons get slowed down, "he explains. It turns out that
since that is how they come off the natural graphite material. The graphite is rubbed on a sheet of silicon
and lifted off with special tape to create thin layers of graphene. Maximizing the amount of graphene that can be used for a device takes priority over making it look nice
The demand for a silicon material aided the discovery of graphene, a single layer of graphite
2015superconductivity Ciqus researchers obtain high-quality perovskites over large areas by a chemical method March 4th, 2015warming up the world of superconductors:
2015ciqus researchers obtain high-quality perovskites over large areas by a chemical method March 4th, 2015announcements The George washington University Opens Science and Engineering Hall, Largest Building of Its Kind in D c.:
New cheap and efficient electrode for splitting water March 18th, 2015a new method for making perovskite solar cells March 16th, 2015uc research partnership explores how to best harness solar power March 2nd,
Article in the journal APL Materials shows how to grow Bi2pt2o7 pyrochlore, potentially a more effective cathode for future fuel cells March 10th, 2015graphene meets heat waves March 9th,
2015ciqus researchers obtain high-quality perovskites over large areas by a chemical method March 4th, 2015researchers enable solar cells to use more sunlight February 25th, 2015display technology/LEDS/SS Lighting/OLEDS Breakthrough in OLED technology March 2nd,
2015ciqus researchers obtain high-quality perovskites over large areas by a chemical method March 4th, 2015warming up the world of superconductors:
Article in the journal APL Materials shows how to grow Bi2pt2o7 pyrochlore, potentially a more effective cathode for future fuel cells March 10th,
Article in the journal APL Materials shows how to grow Bi2pt2o7 pyrochlore, potentially a more effective cathode for future fuel cells March 10th,
Article in the journal APL Materials shows how to grow Bi2pt2o7 pyrochlore, potentially a more effective cathode for future fuel cells Abstract:
In a paper published March 10 in the journal APL Materials, from AIP Publishing, the team reports the first-ever epitaxial thin-film growth of Bi2pt2o7 pyrochlore,
"Up to now, research on oxygen catalysts in thin film form for clean energy applications has been focused on the perovskite-structured oxides
"The much less studied cubic pyrochlore structure is an appealing alternative to perovskites for such applications as fuel cell cathodes."
"The pyrochlore in question--Bi2pt2o7--has previously been synthesized successfully as a nanocrystalline powder. Epitaxial thin films can actually act as more efficient fuel cell catalysts than nanocrystalline powder,
The article,"Epitaxial crystals of Bi2pt2o7 pyrochlore through the transformation of? -Bi2o3 fluorite,"is authored by Araceli Gutierrez-Llorente, Howie Joress, Arthur Woll, Megan E. Holtz, Matthew J. Ward, Matthew C. Sullivan, David A. Muller
2015ciqus researchers obtain high-quality perovskites over large areas by a chemical method March 4th, 2015researchers enable solar cells to use more sunlight February 25th,
2015ciqus researchers obtain high-quality perovskites over large areas by a chemical method March 4th, 2015uc research partnership explores how to best harness solar power March 2nd,
and rotated much more easily than a simple sheet of graphene or graphite, "Berman said.
2015stable Perovskite Solar cells Developed through Structural Simplification June 9th, 2015materials/Metamaterials Mesoporous Particles for the Development of Drug Delivery System Safe to Human bodies June 9th,
2015stable Perovskite Solar cells Developed through Structural Simplification June 9th, 2015interviews/Book reviews/Essays/Reports/Podcasts/Journals/White papers A step towards a type 1 diabetes vaccine by using nanotherapy June 10th,
In this research, printing graphite electrode modified with silica and gold nanoparticles was used as an appropriate bed for the production of biosensors to detect four-strand structure of DNA
Layered semiconducting black arsenic phosphorus as an alternative to silicon July 9th, 2015depletion and enrichment of chlorine in perovskites observed July 9th,
Layered semiconducting black arsenic phosphorus as an alternative to silicon July 9th, 2015depletion and enrichment of chlorine in perovskites observed July 9th,
Graphene is a thin atomic layer of graphite (used in pencils) with numerous properties that could be valuable in a variety of applications,
inexpensive graphite is irradiated. The process is relatively faster, safer and green--devoid of any toxic substances (just graphite plus concentrated light.
Following this proof of concept, the BGU-UWA team is now planning an experimental program to scale up this initial success toward markedly improving the volume and rate at
a pulsed laser is scanned vertically across a rotating graphite cylinder as a means of controlling the arc.
But by'regrowing'the mineral's surface, a smoother version of hematite doubled electrical yield, opening a new door to energy harvesting artificial photosynthesis,
a team of researchers led by Boston College chemist Dunwei Wang achieved'unassisted'water splitting using the abundant rust-like mineral and silicon to capture and store solar energy within hydrogen gas.
They also used a type of tiny weighing scale called an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) to measure changes in mass as little as a millionth of a gram.
Image courtesy of Chongwu Zhou and Bilu Liu) The demand for a silicon material aided the discovery of graphene, a single layer of graphite
which a piece of tape is used to peel graphene fragments off a chunk of graphite,
such as yttrium iron garnet (YIG. When they apply a heat gradient across the material, the spins begin to"move"--that is,
Wu looked at a layer of ferromagnetic YIG on a substrate of paramagnetic gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG.
Graphene, made from single atom-thick layers of graphite, was a suitable candidate due its electronic performance
the W. M. Keck Professor of Energy at MIT and a senior author of a paper describing the findings in the Journal of Physical chemistry C("Reactivity of Perovskites with Water:
"The research focused on a class of oxides called perovskites that are of interest for applications such as gas sensing, water purification, batteries, and fuel cells.
The material comprised of germanium, antimony and tellurium in which data media store information may also be suitable as an extremely fast light switch for optical communication or data processing.
Electrons are diffracted differently in the crystalline structure of a compound of germanium, antimony and tellurium (GST) than in the amorphous one.
if a GST layer were sandwiched between two thin graphite layers or even between two layers of graphene.
and technology such as how animals and plants grow minerals into shapes that have no relation to their original crystal symmetry.
or trapped in the minerals of sediments has implications for environmental management of water and soil."
and incorporated into a CH3NH3PBI3 perovskite solar cell, which displayed a power conversion efficiency of 16.91,
When crystalline materials such as quartz and ceramics are stretched or compressed, they generate an electric charge. That's called piezoelectricity,
Conventional waveplates, made from multilayer stacks of materials such as quartz, have difficulty achieving both broadband and wide-angle conversion.
and lithium-borate (Libo2) precursors and was coated with reduced graphite oxide (RGO) to enhance the electrode properties of the material.
To produce an efficient electrode the researcher coated the vanadate-borate powder with reduced graphite oxide (RGO.
and electrode designs as well as by using coatings other than reduced graphite oxide i
#Robots learn to use kitchen tools by watching Youtube videos Researchers at the University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies (UMIACS) partnered with a scientist at the National Information Communications technology Research Centre
This method uses magnetic fields to break the time-reversal symmetry with certain specialized garnet and ferrite materials.
Petrochemical and biofuel refineries use materials called zeolites that act as molecular sieves to sort filter and trap chemical compounds as well as catalyze chemical reactions necessary to produce
There are more than 200 known zeolites and hundreds of thousands predicted zeolite variations. The key to improving biofuel and petrochemical processes is to find which zeolites work best.
Unfortunately synthesizing novel zeolites in the lab is complicated a long process that can take many months each.
To analyze all the known and predicted structures would take decades. Instead researchers from the University of Minnesota and Rice university developed a complex computational screening process that can look at thousands of zeolites in the virtual world
and identify their performance for specific applications. This reduces the need for trial and error experimentation in the lab. Using a supercomputer at Argonne National Laboratory we are able to use our computer simulations to compress decades of research in the lab into a total of about a day's worth of computing said lead researcher Ilja
Predicting the zeolites'performance required serious computing power efficient computer algorithms and accurate descriptions of the molecular interactions.
The computations identified zeolites to attack two complex problems. The first problem researchers tackled is the current multi-step ethanol purification process encountered in biofuel production.
Researchers found a few all-silica zeolites with superior performance that contain pores and channels with the ability to accommodate ethanol molecules
One of these zeolites which was synthesized and tested in University of Minnesota chemical engineering and materials science professor Michael Tsapatsis'lab was found to be so effective that it could change the ethanol/water separation process from a multi-step distillation process to a single-step adsorptive process.
They identified zeolite frameworks that could improve the dewaxing process of transforming linear long-chain into slightly branched hydrocarbon molecules called alkanes
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