Cancer

Cancer (3199)
Cervical cancer (22)
Myeloma (20)

Synopsis: Health: Illness: Cancer, neoplasms and tumors: Cancer:

Light-switchable drugs have been explored in other fields such as cancer therapy, but not for antibiotics. Organic chemist Ben Feringa at Groningen and his co-workers used an existing light-switchable unit called azobenzene,

#The teenage scientist revolutionising cancer detection Pancreatic cancer is a killer and one that is very hard to detect.

It can also be used to test for lung and ovarian cancer. He tells BBC Future about his quest s

#Moffitt researchers discover mechanism leading to drug resistance metastasis in melanoma Moffitt Cancer Center researchers have discovered a mechanism that leads to resistance to targeted therapy in melanoma patients

and improve outcomes for many cancer patients, when compared to the adverse effects of standard chemotherapeutic drugs.

B-Raf is a protein that is frequently mutated in human cancers leading to increased tumor cell growth, survival and migration.

#Enzymes believed to promote cancer actually suppress tumors Upending decades-old dogma, a team of scientists at the University of California,

San diego School of medicine say enzymes long categorized as promoting cancer are, in fact, tumor suppressors and that current clinical efforts to develop inhibitor-based drugs should

which are cancer-relevant activities, such as cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. The discovery that they are receptors for tumor-producing phorbol esters,

"For three decades, researchers have sought to find new cancer therapies based on the idea that inhibiting

PKCS do not promote cancer progression; rather, they act to suppress tumor growth. Using live cell imaging, first author Corina Antal, a graduate student in the Biomedical sciences program at UC San diego,

characterized 8 percent of the more than 550 PKC mutations identified in human cancers. This led to the unexpected discovery that the majority of mutations actually reduced

demonstrating that normal PKC activity inhibits cancer. One possible explanation, said the researchers, is that PKC typically represses signaling from certain oncogenes-genes that can cause normal cells to become cancerous.

"Inhibiting PKC has so far proved not only an unsuccessful strategy in a number of cancer clinical trials,

#Vanderbilt-led team studies blood test for prostate cancer Vanderbilt University researcher William Mitchell, M d.,Ph d,

Mitchell believes the technique will be transformative in providing improved cancer diagnostics that can both predict treatment outcomes and monitor patient responses to therapy.

"could accurately distinguish prostate cancer from normal controls without prior knowledge of the genetic"signature"of the tumors,

I believe the'liquid biopsy'will revolutionize cancer diagnostics, not only before a patient begins therapy

The study collected serum from more than 200 patients with prostate cancer and more than 200 controls.

The researchers reported that the technique distinguished prostate cancer from normal controls with 84-percent accuracy,

and cancer from benign hyperplasia and prostatitis with an accuracy of 91 percent. Because the method quantifies the inherent chromosomal instability of cancer

and can be followed as a function of time without having to do an invasive tissue biopsy,

and quantify cancer-specific DNA from normal controls by the identification and chromosomal location of billions of specific DNA fragments present in blood as cell-free DNA.

The prostate cancer study identified 20"hotspots"of greatest chromosomal instability as additions or deletions in less than 0. 5 percent of the total DNA present in human chromosomes.

"which may be generating previously unrecognized chromosomal control elements in prostate cancer. The other 19"hotspots"were involved rich in genes in replication

and cell control processes that are highly relevant to cancer.""Since cell-free DNA has a relatively short half-life in the circulation,

a research scientist with SDSC as well as the UC San diego Moores Cancer Center and the Department of Neurosciences. evertheless when these changes seem to be random on first glance,

Wolf Wrasidlo from the Moores Cancer Center; and Cassia Overk, Tania Gonzalez, Margarita Trejo, Brian Spencer,

"This technology can potentially also help cancer patients from the side effects of radiation therapy and astronauts from chronic exposure to cosmic rays on their journey to Mars. s

too much expression of the protein that Myc encodes has been linked closely to cancer, making it a well-known but elusive target of drug developers.

any drug that can target Myc directly is likely to find many applications beyond cancer r

and analyze the cancer so they could tailor treatment for individual patients. In his laboratory at the UCLA California Nanosystems Institute, Hsian-Rong Tseng

who is also a member of UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center. e combined the thermoresponsive system with downstream mutational analysis to successfully monitor the disease evolution of a lung cancer patient.

#Radiation Hormone Therapy Prolong Survival for Older Men With Prostate Cancer Adding radiation treatment to hormone therapy saves more lives among older men with locally advanced prostate therapy than hormone

The researchers found that hormone therapy plus radiation reduced cancer deaths by nearly 50 percent in men aged 76 to 85 compared to men who only received hormone therapy.

Past studies have shown that 40 percent of men with aggressive prostate cancers are treated with hormone therapy alone exposing a large gap in curative cancer care among baby boomers aging into their 70s.#

#ailure to use effective treatments for older patients with cancer is a health care quality concern in the United states.#

Perelman School of medicine and Abramson Cancer Center.##atients and their physicians should carefully discuss curative treatment options for prostate cancer

and reduce the use of hormone therapy alone. ocally advanced prostate cancer is cancer that has spread outside but near the prostate gland.

Unlike slower growing tumors locally advanced prostate cancer is an aggressive malignancy that is prone to metastasize

and cause cancer deaths. Hormone therapy lowers or blocks the levels of testosterone and other androgens (male hormones) that feed prostate cancer tumors.

Two landmark clinical trials have shown that radiation plus hormone therapy produces a large and significant improvement in survival in younger men relative to hormone therapy alone

but until now there has been no comparable research on treatment for older men with advanced prostate cancer.

Addressing this question for the first time Penn research team compared the combination of radiation plus hormone therapy

versus hormone therapy alone among 31 541 men with prostate cancer ranging in age from 65 years to 85 years.

Among men age 65 to 75 years old radiation plus hormone therapy was associated with a reduction in prostate cancer deaths of 57 percent relative to hormone therapy alone

Similarly among men age 76 to 85 years old radiation plus hormone therapy was associated with a reduction in prostate cancer deaths of 49 percent relative to hormone therapy alone

Importantly the clinical trials have shown that the side effects of radiation plus hormone therapy are very acceptable relative to hormone therapy alone. lder men with aggressive prostate cancers should know that the combination of radiation plus

#Only three percent of cancer patients participate in clinical trials; thus confirming that treatments work in real-world care is a crucial aspect of translating medical evidence to clinical practice.

Bekelman study is an example of patient-centered cancer comparative effectiveness research which provides reliable useful information to help individual patients make informed cancer care decisions

and improve cancer care outcomes. The Penn-led study examined radiation treatment and hormone therapy in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Medicare database.

SEER collects data from population-based cancer registries that cover 26 percent of the U s. population and Medicare

which covers 97 percent of the U s. population 65 years of age or older. Patients received treatments not by random assignment but as part of their normal clinical care.

and to identify which treatments are best for men of different age groups and cancer severity e

It concluded that the utilization of Marginprobe was as much as three times more effective in finding additional cancer on the margins of removed tumor tissue,

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer affecting women in the U s, . with over 285,000 new cases diagnosed each year.

It causes lung diseases like the malignant form of cancer called mesothelioma. Yet asbestos is still with us.

#The gold standard for cancer treatment Humanity battle against cancer is an unceasing one, and in recent years, new technologies have improved steadily the odds of beating the disease.

But doctors have discovered that they are not effective against all cancers; tumours tend to become resistant during lengthy treatment,

The team focused on two types of cancer: breast and prostate. Experiments on female mice bearing highly metastatic human breast cancer cells,

and Aud8, revealed a 53%reduction in cancer growth compared to the control treatment, within a month.

in order to undertake the experimental phase among terminally ill cancer patients. Project details Project acronym PERMIDAS Participants:

#Massive study closes in on cancers risk markers Cancer research has taken a huge leap forward with scientists now able to identify more than 80 genetic markers found to increase the risk of breast ovarian and prostate cancer.

for cancer in the prestigious scientific journal Nature Genetics. The research was led by scientists at the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden, the University of Cambridge and the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) in the UK,

with support from more than 160 research groups worldwide. This international network brought together five global studies on 100 000 patients with breast, ovarian or prostate cancer.

Another 100 000 healthy volunteers comprised a control group. Scientists took DNA from all 200 000 subjects

and compared those with cancer, and those without, to assess each individual's inherited risk.

Overall, the study found that common genetic variation links all these cancers. This can be described as a genetic'spelling mistake'

Each alteration was seen to raise the risk of ovarian, breast or prostate cancer by a small amount,

although a small minority of men with several markers saw their risk of prostate cancer increase more than fourfold.

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide, contributing to 14%of all new cancer cases.

It is predicted that the number of cases will almost double to a figure of 1. 7 million by 2030.

In addition, the test also identified those with a smaller than average risk of developing the cancers.

and take us a step closer to having an effective prostate cancer screening programme.''With this new information, researchers now have a clearer picture of the total number of genetic changes that can explain the risk of getting these cancers.

The next step is to calculate the individual cancer risk, which will help to better understand how these cancers start

and grow so that new treatments can be developed. It is possible this could lead to a DNA screening test within five years.

COGS coordinator Professor Per Hall from the Karolinska Institutet says:''COGS is the largest genotyping project in the world targeting identification of genetic changes that influence the risk of common cancers.

The collaborative efforts have been tremendous and the key to its success.'Other financial contributors to the COGS project are the Märit and Hans Rausing Initiative against Breast cancer, the Swedish Research Council, Cancer Research UK and the Cancer Risk Prediction

Center (CRISP). Project details Project acronym: COGS Participants: Sweden (Coordinator), Germany, United kingdom, Australia, Netherlands, Spain, Denmark, France, Finland, Belgium Project FP7 223175 Total costs:#

#Developing new weapons in the fight against cancer Cancer causes some 13%of deaths worldwide.

Of these deaths some 90%are caused not by the original cancer but by its spread to other parts of the body.

These secondary cancers known as metastases are caused most often by'circulating tumour cells'(CTCS) which escape from the primary tumour and travel around the body in the bloodstream.

the greatly improved quantity and quality of information that can be gathered about the cells opens up the possibility of more complex diagnosis and treatment of cancers.

With cancers often behaving differently in different patients, and displaying different characteristics, the technology developed by CAMINEMS should allow clinicians to move closer to the ideal of personalised medical diagnosis and treatment.

The more advanced a cancer is, the more difficult it is to treat. The new CAMINEMS technology could help detect sooner

if a cancer is developing resistance to a treatment, and thus save precious months or years in switching to a new,

#Sweetening the bitter pill of cancer treatment Despite a massive research effort, cancer is still a major killer in Europe.

the Cyclon project is developing biocompatible sugar-based drug-delivery systems that could lead to a breakthrough in the fight against various cancers.

and are gaining valuable knowledge in many aspects of drug delivery for cancer treatment development,

and cancer detection A multidisciplinary EU-funded research team has tested successfully a pioneering HIV-detection technique that is ten times more sensitive than any identification method used to date.

has achieved also positive results in similar early detection tests for different types of cancer. The EU-funded MIMIC project is currently working towards a breakthrough in cancer diagnostics

which is based on an ultra-sensitive detection system that is able to pick up minute concentrations of disease-related molecules in body fluids.

A similar diagnostic approach to that being used in MIMIC's cancer research has already proven effective in detecting HIV/AIDS.

This HIV breakthrough is a triumph for the diagnostic approach MIMIC first developed for cancer detection,

while MIMIC's work does not improve cancer treatment per se, it can improve its diagnosis

."Since it can detect cancer-related molecules at ultra-low concentrations, it might be possible to detect the tumour at a very early stage before it spreads

The scientist reveals that the process has shown already potential in detecting cancer reoccurrence in prostate cancer patients."

"Patients who have undergone total prostatectomy may benefit from ultra-sensitive systems that can detect the prostate-specific cancer biomarkers at much lower concentrations

and ground-breaking nature of their work in both cancer and HIV could provide a valuable boost to the competitiveness of the EU in the fields of health care and nanotechnology e

After supporting the development of informatics at Avantium he moved to Novartis in Switzerland to expand the company's expertise and now works with the Institute of Cancer Research in London.

#EPICENTROMERE#Unlocking the secrets of cell behaviour Understanding how our cells behave strengthens our ability to tackle genetic diseases and cancer.

It gradually evolves into cancers that can attack the bladder, lungs and kidneys and induce diabetes, high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease.

Meanwhile, other diseases for which it is envisaged that GM plants could provide new drugs include cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and others which,

chronic pain and all types of brain cancer, said Cardinale. The robot, developed within the EU Robocast project, is a year away from surgical trials.

It can take years of exposure to arsenic before clear symptoms may appear, such as pigmentation changes, yperkeratosis'(patches of thickening skin), neurological side effects and signs of possible cancers in major organs (skin

Although THE WHO classification sounds ominous, it puts cell phones on the same level of cancer risk as caffeine and pickled vegetables.

The position of numerous health organizations, including the American Cancer Society and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is measured even more,

Another argument against the possibility that cell phones cause cancer is that there has not been an increase in the incidence of brain tumors in the United states,

#Chip lets scientists see how cancer spreads Johns hopkins university rightoriginal Studyposted by Phil Sneiderman-JHU on November 12 2014a new lab chip is giving researchers an unprecedented look at the complex process that spreads cancer from its birthplace

which leads to more than 90 percent of cancer deaths. The work is published in the journal Cancer Research.

There s still so much we don t know about exactly how tumor cells migrate through the body partly

Cancer researchers should now have a much clearer look at the complex physical and biochemical interplay involved in leaving a tumor moving through surrounding tissue and approaching a blood vessel.

So it s actually the entry of cancer cells into the bloodstream that allows the cancer to spread very quickly.

or even stop the spread of cancer. Next the researchers plan to use the device to try out various cancer-fighting drugs within this device to get a better look at how the medications perform

and how they might be improved. The device is protected by a provisional patent. A grant from Johns Hopkins Institute for Nanobiotechnology and a National Cancer Institute grant supported the work.

Source: Johns Hopkins Universit t

#Paper circuit might diagnose Ebola in the field The first case of the Ebola outbreak currently ravaging West Africa appeared in Guinea in December 2013.

Diets rich in fruit and vegetables have been linked to important health outcomes including reductions in cardiovascular disease type 2 diabetes and some forms of cancer.

and has been shown to cause cancer. Because biochar can be produced from various waste biomass including agricultural residues this new technology provides an alternative

If cancer markers are found in a cell the circuit could for example activate a cellular suicide program.

Healthy cells without cancer markers would remain unaffected by this process. Biocomputers differ significantly from their counterparts made of silicon

These mutations cause more than 200 diseases and contribute to others such as diabetes, cancer, Parkinson disease,

#Why cancer researchers are excited about this amoeba A type of amoeba that lives in soil has a gene that is very similar to a tumor-fighting gene found in humans.

when researchers from the University of Iowa conducted a literature review they found that PTEN mutations show up in 40 percent of breast cancer cases up to 70 percent of prostate cancer cases and nearly half of all leukemia cases.

If the hypothesis holds true for human cells it could lead to a new way to treat cancer.

Once a patient is diagnosed with cancer caused by a PTEN mutation the patient could take the drug over-express the PTEN bench player gene

and potentially stop cancer in its tracks Soll says. That could save many cancer patients from undergoing chemotherapy and radiation treatment for breast and other common cancers.

The finding has led the team to study other human genes that may be able to step in for the mutated PTEN gene

and possibly creating cancer-fighting drugs. You have another gene which might be able to step in for the broken gene to keep things normal and that s

#Stop cancer from spreading without chemo Stanford university rightoriginal Studyposted by Tom Abate-Stanford on October 6 2014 Researchers are testing a protein therapy that stops breast

and ovarian cancer from metastasizing in mice. The majority of patients who succumb to cancer fall prey to metastatic forms of the disease says Jennifer Cochran an associate professor of bioengineering at Stanford university.

Today doctors try to use chemotherapy to slow or stop cancer from spreading from the original tumor site to other parts of the body

but these treatments are unfortunately not very effective and have severe side effects. The new therapy doesn't have side effects.

and Gas6 rom interacting to initiate the spread of cancer. Axl proteins stand like bristles on the surface of cancer cells poised to receive biochemical signals from Gas6 proteins.

When two Gas6 proteins link with two Axls the signals that are generated enable cancer cells to leave the original tumor site migrate to other parts of the body and form new cancer nodules.

In collaboration with Amato Giaccia professor of radiation oncology the researchers gave intravenous treatments of this bioengineered decoy protein to mice with aggressive breast and ovarian cancers.

Mice with ovarian cancer had a 90 percent reduction in metastatic nodules when treated with the engineered decoy protein.

It could open up a new approach to cancer treatment. Giaccia and Cochran are scientific advisors to Ruga Corp. a biotech startup in Palo alto that has licensed this technology from Stanford.

and respond in a graduated way##says Wilbur Lam assistant professor in the pediatrics department at Emory University School of medicine and a physician in the Aflac Cancer and Blood disorders Center at Children s Healthcare of Atlanta.

and monitor anemia themselves says Wilbur Lam a physician in the Aflac Cancer and Blood disorders Center at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the department of pediatrics at Emory University School of medicine.

which can be difficult to obtain##says Wilbur Lam another coauthor and a physician in the Aflac Cancer and Blood disorders Center at Children s Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics at the Emory University School of medicine.##

and stored for patients recovering from cancer chemotherapy. The other tacrolimus tamps down immune response. Researchers noticed that

They had actually been trying to study how the extra production of galectin-1 by tumor cells affects cancer ability to grow

Published online in the journal, Cancer Research, the findings open the door to research on the effect of blocking galectin-1 in patients with gliomas,

Helping the innate immune system to recognize early stages of cancer growth, and sound the alarm for the body defense system to act

while the remaining cancer is still small enough for them to kill, could potentially help patients.

BIOPSY CANCER The Cell paper focuses on the use of PACT and PARS as research tools for studying disease and development in research organisms.

potentially minimizing dangerous side effects such as blood clots and uterine cancer. The gel was tested on women diagnosed with noninvasive cancer ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in

which abnormal cells multiply and form a growth in a milk duct. Because of potential side effects

says lead author Seema Khan, professor of surgery and professor of cancer research at Northwestern University Feinberg School of medicine.

which should avoid potential blood clots as well as an elevated risk for uterine cancer. Women who have completed surgery

For a new study published in Clinical Cancer Research, researchers conducted a phase II clinical trial to compare the effects of the gel, 4-OHT, with oral tamoxifen.

The National Cancer Institute of the National institutes of health and BHR Pharma, LLC supported the research

#Test eliminates need for second thyroid surgery A new test increases the odds by 30 percent that people with thyroid cancer will undergo the correct initial surgery. efore this test,

about one in five potential thyroid cancer cases couldn be diagnosed without an operation to remove a portion of the thyroid,

says Linwah Yip, assistant professor of surgery in the University of Pittsburgh School of medicine. Yip says without the test a second surgery to remove the thyroid was required often

if the portion removed during the first surgery came back positive for cancer. he molecular testing panel now bypasses that initial surgery,

allowing us to go right to fully removing the cancer with one initial surgery. This reduces risk

Cancer in the thyroid, which is located in the dam applearea of the neck, is now the fifth most common cancer diagnosed in women.

Thyroid cancer is one of the few cancers that continues to increase in incidence, although the five-year survival rate is 97 percent.

Previously, the most accurate form of testing for thyroid cancer was a fine-needle aspiration biopsy

where a doctor guides a thin needle to the thyroid and removes a small tissue sample for testing.

However, in 20 percent of these biopsies, cancer cannot be ruled out. A lobectomy, which is a surgical operation to remove half of the thyroid,

or rule out thyroid cancer. In the case of a postoperative cancer diagnosis, a second surgery is required to remove the rest of the thyroid.

Researchers have identified certain gene mutations that are increased indicative of an likelihood of thyroid cancer, and the new molecular testing panel can be run using the sample collected through the initial,

minimally invasive biopsy, rather than a lobectomy. When the panel shows these mutations, a total thyroidectomy is advised.

a professor in the pathology department. hyroid cancer is usually very curable, and we are getting closer to quickly

and treating all cases of thyroid cancer. a

#Cancer drug helps some women get pregnant A new fertility drug, originally developed to prevent the recurrence of breast cancer,

#Vaccine triggers alarm to fight dust mite allergy A new vaccine uses a booster normally found in cancer vaccines to combat dust-mite allergies by naturally switching the body immune response.

The booster has been used successfully in cancer vaccines but never had been tested as a vaccine for dust-mite allergies.

The National institutes of health and the American Cancer Society partly funded the research. Source: University of Iow S

#2 drugs work better than 1 to stop cancer A new combination drug dramatically slows tumor growth in mice with few side effects.

Though the research was focused exclusively on cancer, the dual compound could benefit other conditions, such as macular degeneration,

Hammock says. f we move beyond cancer, this drug combination could block a number of pathologies,

#Depression can be deadly for older Americans Older adults in the US who suffer from major depression face a 43 percent increased risk of death, especially from cardiovascular disease or cancer, according to a new study. here a major link

Understanding how the virus kills cancer may lead to new treatments. Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) infects humans

In prior studies, the researchers tested the virus on a variety of breast cancers that represent degrees of aggressiveness and on human papillomavirus-positive cervical cancer cells.

They report their results in Cancer Biology & Therapy. The AAV2 killed 100 percent of the cells in the laboratory by activating proteins called caspases,

AAV2 mediated cell killing of multiple breast cancer cell lines representing both low and high grades of cancer

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