The sensor will enable doctors to identify tumor markers, whose presence in the body signals the emergence and growth of cancerous tumors.
The sensitivity of the new device is characterized best by one key feature: according to its developers, the sensor can track changes of just a few kilodaltons in the mass of a cantilever in real time.
stretchy electronic sensors are also capable of detecting harmful levels of UV radiation known to trigger melanoma.
we anticipate that the ability to drive immune reaction ex vivo at controllable rates grants us the ability to reproduce immunological events with tunable parameters for better mechanistic understanding of B cell development and generation of B cell tumors,
One goal of the research is to correlate physical properties of cells with tumor suppression and the action of the kinase on the cell.
and are present in very low numbers in tumors. They are highly resistant to chemotherapy
and radiation and are believed to play an important role in tumor recurrence. This laboratory and animal study showed that nanoparticles coated with the oligosaccharide called chitosan
and Eliminates Tumor Reinitiating Cancer Stem-like Cells").""Our findings indicate that this nanoparticle delivery system increases the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin with no evidence of systemic toxic side effects in our animal model,
enabling the nanoparticles to target the malignant stem-like cells in a tumor. The nanoparticles were engineered to shrink,
break open, and release the anticancer drug under the acidic conditions of the tumor microenvironment and in tumor-cell endosomes and lysosomes,
He and his colleagues conducted the study using models called 3d mammary tumor spheroids (i e.,
which was the first genetic-based approach that is able to detect live circulating tumor cells out of the complex matrix that is human blood.
or magnevist) broadly used as an MRI contrast agent to the affected area("Hybrid Calcium phosphate-Polymeric Micelles Incorporating Gadolinium Chelates for Imaging-Guided Gadolinium Neutron capture Tumor Therapy").
The research team has clarified that selective accumulation of the developed nanomachine in a cancer tumor enables contrast imaging of a solid cancer.
#Imaging Technique Provides Color Coded Map Showing Cancerous Brain areas New imaging technique could make brain tumor removal safer and more effective,
When removing a tumor, for example, neurosurgeons walk a tightrope as they try to take out as much of the cancer as possible
I in agony when I taking out a tumor. If I take out too little the cancer could come back;
and in surgeries to remove brain tumors from mice. The researchers hope to begin clinical trials in patients this summer.
durable benefit for people with melanoma, said Dr Harrington. Professor Paul Workman, Chief executive of the ICR, said in a statement,
#Nivolumab helps fight Cancerous Lung Tumors A trial has suggested that a therapy for lung cancer has the ability to double the life expectancy in patients.
Lung cancer, which is also known as carcinoma of the lung, is the deadliest form of cancer that kills about 1. 6 million people every year.
so that it could keep on attacking the harmful tumor. The new trial was conducted in the United states and Europe on people with advanced lung cancer.
Those whose tumors were producing high levels of PD-L1 lived for more than one and half year.
#System Combines Optical Microscopy, MRI Combining optical and MRI techniques, a new imaging system aims to uncover the complexities of tumors to help better tailor cancer treatment.
Together they are being used to peer into the microenvironment of tumors and other tissues while learning about the coregistration of multiple lines of imaging data."
"In a study, a tumor cell line was transplanted into a rat and imaged with each of the following:
while other parts of a tumor could be rapidly growing or becoming more aggressive. These details tell researchers about the heterogeneity of tumors,
which is essential for developing appropriate research and drug protocols that can navigate all the inherent complexity of not just the anatomy
OCT Could Aid Brain tumor Removal Study: OCT Could Aid Brain tumor Removalbaltimore, June 19, 2015 Optical coherence tomography (OCT) holds promise for guiding surgeons as they operate on brain tumors
and help them avoid removing healthy tissue. After identifying brain cancer's OCT signature, researchers at Johns hopkins university have developed a computer algorithm that rapidly generates a color-coded map that shows cancer in red and healthy tissue in green."
"We envision that the OCT would be aimed at the area being operated on, and the surgeon could look at a screen to get a continuously updated picture of where the cancer is
and in surgeries to remove brain tumors from mice. The researchers hope to begin clinical trials in patients this summer.
I'm taking out a tumor, "said Dr. Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa, a professor of neurosurgery, neuroscience and oncology at the Johns hopkins university School of medicine and the clinical leader of the research team."
"Optical coherence tomography that could help surgeons differentiate a human brain tumor, red, from surrounding noncancerous tissue, green.
which is known to trigger melanoma (a type of skin cancer that can develop from abnormal moles).
including adult glioblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. TERT stabilizes chromosomes by elongating the protective element at the end of each chromosome in a cell.
which these common mutations result in elevated TERT expression by using computational and experimental analyses to determine that the mechanism of increased TERT expression in tumor tissue relies on a specific transcription factor-a protein that binds specific DNA sequences
and binds the mutant TERT promoter in tumor cells from four different cancer types, underscoring that this is a common mechanism of TERT reactivation.
Way To Disrupt Brain tumor Stem Cells Some brain tumors are notoriously difficult to treat. Whether surgically removed, zapped by radiation
The ability of many brain tumors to regenerate can be traced to cancer stem cells that evade treatment and spur the growth of new tumor cells.
But some brain tumor stem cells may have an Achilles'heel, scientists have found. The cancer stem cells'remarkable abilities have to be maintained,
"This discovery may help us attack the root of some of the deadliest brain tumors, "said senior author Albert H. Kim, MD, Phd, assistant professor of neurological surgery."
"A successful brain cancer treatment will very likely require blocking the tumor stem cells'ability to survive
and other tumors are more resistant to treatment than others. Those same, more defiant cells also are much better at reestablishing cancer after treatment."
"These tumor stem cells are really the kingpins of cancers--the cells that direct and drive much of the harm done by tumors,
"said Kim, who treats patients at Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of medicine.
Kim and his colleagues identified a protein, known as SOX2, that is active in brain tumor stem cells and in healthy stem cells in other parts of the body.
The researchers found that the tumor stem cells'ability to make SOX2 could be turned up or down via another protein, CDC20.
Increasing SOX2 by boosting levels of CDC20 also increased a tumor's ability to grow once transplanted into mice.
meanwhile, left tumor stem cells unable to make SOX2, reducing the tumor stem cells'ability to form tumors."
"The rate of growth in some tumors lacking CDC20 dropped by 95 percent compared with tumors with more typical levels of CDC20,
"Kim said. When the scientists analyzed human tumor samples, they found that a subset of patients with glioblastomas that had the highest CDC20 levels also had the shortest periods of survival after diagnosis. Kim's lab is exploring methods to block CDC20 in brain tumors,
including RNA interference, an approach in which the production of specific proteins is blocked. That general approach is in clinical trials as a therapy for other cancers, viral infections and other illnesses.
The results come from a clinical trial in the UK involving more than 400 patients with aggressive melanoma,
According to the study, published in The Journal of Clinical Oncology, of the 436 patients with inoperable melanoma, 16.3 percent of them were still in remission six months after the treatment,
"They had ranged disease that from dozens to hundreds of deposits of melanoma on a limb all the way to patients where cancer had spread to the lungs and liver,
and found that melanoma responded the most positively to it. The team figured out how to harness its amazing capacity for replication by removing two genes that made it impossible for it to multiply inside healthy cells,
but it still had its run of things inside the cancerous melanoma cells.""Meanwhile, T-VEC has also been modified to produce a molecule called GM-CSF,
and early trials show that they may also be far more effective-with studies so far proving immunotherapy is successful against aggressive forms of melanoma and glioblastoma.
"This is a versatile platform to carry a multitude of drugs-for melanoma, for other kinds of cancers and for other diseases,"says Rohit Bhargava."
and patients with all sizes and numbers of tumors underwent transplantation often times with early recurrence of disease.
and recommended transplantation be limited to patients with a single tumor of five centimeters or less or up to three tumors with not any single tumor larger than three centimeters.
However the criteria didn't take into account the aggressiveness of the tumor or other blood biomarkers that can help predict recurrence Agopian said.
or the number and size of tumors on MRI and CT SCANS three pre-transplant blood biomarkers thought to be predictive for cancer recurrence
or aggressiveness of the tumor and whether the cancer has invaded the liver's blood vessels factors that can't be determined before transplant.
For example a patient with a 5 centimeter tumor who would have qualified for liver transplant under the Milan criteria might in fact have a very aggressive tumor that is likely to recur after transplant
while a patient with a larger tumor might have a very low grade cancer and be at lower risk for recurrence.
and that incorporation of other factors may improve the ability to select for patients with favorable tumor biology regardless of size who stand to benefit from liver transplantation.
For patients with underlying liver dysfunction who are unable to undergo surgery to remove the tumor liver transplantation is the best way to treat the patient.
#Mechanism leading to drug resistance metastasis in melanoma patients discovered Moffitt Cancer Center researchers have discovered a mechanism that leads to resistance to targeted therapy in melanoma patients
resulting in more aggressive cells that can spread to other sites or cause regrowth of primary tumors.
leading to increased tumor cell growth, survival and migration. Drugs that target B-Raf or another protein in the same network called MEK have proved effective in clinical trials.
and a MEK inhibitor being the current standard of care for patients with B-Raf mutant melanoma.
They found that melanoma cells that are resistant to B-Raf inhibitors tend to be more aggressive and invasive,
thereby allowing the tumor to spread to a new organ site. They used a large screening approach
"said Keiran S. Smalley, Ph d.,scientific director of the Donald A. Adam Comprehensive Melanoma Research center of Excellence at Moffitt.
The research also showed that targeting Epha2 reduced the aggressive behavior of the melanoma cells.
TGF-beta is known as a tumor suppressor, meaning it necessary to keep cells in check and growing normally.
and it becomes a tumor promoter, fostering aggressive growth and spread of cancer. The researchers identified Bub1 as a key gene involved in regulating TGF-beta receptor.
We think this may explain the paradox of TGF-beta as a tumor promoter and a tumor suppressor,
This meant they were able to remove very immature (undifferentiated) cells that could form tumors.
None of the mice developed tumors from the transplanted cells s
#New technology enables ultra-fast steering and shaping of light beams A team of engineers has developed a new acousto-optic device that can shape
In a large retrospective study of blood samples the researchers showed that the method called a liquid biopsy could accurately distinguish prostate cancer from normal controls without prior knowledge of the genetic signature of the tumors and with over three times the sensitivity of current prostate specific-antigen
It's been known for many years that dying cells including tumor cells shed DNA into the bloodstream.
Since cell-free DNA has a relatively short half-life in the circulation sequencing of cell-free DNA soon after therapy may be used to detect minimal residual disease in solid tumors Mitchell said.
Mitchell further predicted that liquid biopsies will quantify immediate tumor responses to therapy y
#New technology focuses diffuse light inside living tissue In the Jan 5 issue of Nature Communications Wang the Gene K. Beare Professor of Biomedical engineering at Washington University in St louis reveals for the first time a new
Tracheal damage can be caused by tumor endotracheal intubation blunt trauma and other injuries. Narrowing and weakness of the trachea can occur
but recent experimental studies have revealed the jagged ligand plays a critical role in tumor progression.
Recent findings showed stromal cells in the tumor environment secrete jagged ligands. The Rice researchers found cancer cells hijack nearby stromal cells
#New breast exam nearly quadruples detection of invasive breast cancers in women with dense breast tissue Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI) is a supplemental imaging technology designed to find tumors that would otherwise be obscured by surrounding dense breast
Tumors and dense breast tissue can both appear white on a mammogram making tumors indistinguishable from background tissue in women with dense breasts.
MBI uses small semiconductor-based gamma cameras to image the breast following injection of a radiotracer that tumors absorb avidly.
Unlike conventional breast imaging techniques such as mammography and ultrasound MBI exploits the different behavior of tumors relative to background tissue producing a functional image of the breast that can detect tumors not seen on mammography.
#Key factor discovered in formation of metastases in melanoma Melanoma, the most aggressive of all skin cancer strains, is often fatal for patients due to the pronounced formation of metastases.
Until now, a melanoma's rampant growth was attributed mainly to genetic causes, such as mutations in certain genes.
malignant metastatic formation of melanoma, was previously put down to the high mutation rate that is characteristic of melanoma,
and the tumor spreads again. Evidently, the cancer cells have found new ways to grow. A team of researchers headed by Professor Lukas Sommer from the University of Zurich's Institute of Anatomy has now found a possible explanation for this dynamic behavior in cancer cells:
whether epigenetic factors are especially active in melanoma cells --and stumbled across EZH2, an epigenetic control protein found very frequently in malignant melanoma cells compared to normal cells.
"Sommer's team was able to demonstrate that, in melanoma cells, the epigenetic factor EZH2 controls genes that govern tumor growth as well as genes that are important for the formation of metastases.
In their study, the researcher exploited this central position of EZH2 to combat the cancer:
As a result, the researchers were able to prevent the growth and malignant spread of the cancer in the animal model and human melanoma cells."
even if tumors had developed already, "explains Sommer. Epigenetic factors like EZH2 therefore appear to be highly promising targets for future cancer treatments,
#New cancer-fighting strategy would harden cells to prevent metastasis Existing cancer therapies are geared toward massacring tumor cells
tumor into other areas of the body a crucial step in progression of the disease. The research team tested 4-HAP on lab-grown pancreatic cancer cells
scientists have invented a new imaging system that causes tumors to ight upwhen a hand-held laser is directed at them. surgeon goal during cancer surgery is to remove the tumor,
Mohs and co-authors report on their prototype system that combines a fluorescent dye that localizes in tumors with a real-time imaging system that allows the surgeon to simply view a screen to distinguish between normal tissue and the ightedmalignant tissue.
In both mice and companion dogs with tumors, the scientists found that the fluorescent dye accumulated at higher levels in tumors than in the surrounding tissue
and the system was able to detect a distinct boundary between normal and tumor tissue.
Canine tumors are known to be similar to human tumors in architecture and canines get the same types of tumors as humans.
The scientists are working to further develop the system so it can be evaluated in human patients.
Current technology allows cancer surgeons to scan tumors prior to surgery with magnetic resonance imaging and other systems.
However, to scan the tumor during surgery involves moving the patient from the operating table and into the machinery hich prolongs the surgery. eing able to quickly scan a tumor during surgery to visualize tumor tissue from non-tumor tissue is an unmet clinical need,
said Mohs. athology techniques that examine tumor tissue during surgery can take up to 20 minutes
and they focus on the tissue removed during surgery, not the tissue that remains in the body.
In TBME, the authors noted that the ideal system would find tumor boundaries with high sensitivity,
a surgeon would scan the tumor prior to surgery to determine its boundaries. The tumor would then be removed surgically
and the area would be scanned re to assess for any remaining malignant tissue. If diseased tissue is found,
and nanoparticles that can be targeted to specific tumors. Recently, Mohs was awarded a $1. 37 million research grant from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging
The research will investigate invasive ductal carcinoma, the most common type of breast cancer. Under the project, the researchers will focus on optimizing the loading of the dye,
The antibodies neutralise the effects of signal substances released by carcinoma cells to get blood vessels to replicate
or understand how cancer cells are organized in a metastasizing tumor or how immune cells are configured in an autoimmune attack you have to look at a large piece of tissue with nanoscale precision he says.
While Boyden's team is focused on the brain other possible applications for this technique include studying tumor metastasis
and angiogenesis (growth of blood vessels to nourish a tumor) or visualizing how immune cells attack specific organs during autoimmune disease e
in order to cope with unpredictable episodes of infection injury and tumor formation. The immune system has to think on its feet said Davis senior author of the new study which will be published Jan 15 in Cell.
In mice prone to develop benign skin tumors-papillomas-the activation of Fra-2 reduced skin tumor burden.
but studies have shown that disrupting circadian rhythms in mice causes tumors to grow faster, and one of the things the clock does is set restrictions on
including melanoma, lung cancer, and breast cancer. It belongs to a group of proteins known as"cancer/testis antigens,
Because of its accuracy, it could also better distinguish between benign lung tumors that do not pose a threat
and malignant tumors that have the potential to grow and spread. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in both men and women in the United states. However,
. associate professor in the Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program at The Wistar Institute and lead author of the study."
since they are often found in tumor cells that circulate in the blood. After analyzing 116 different CTAS,
and accumulate at the tumor site. However, tests of these nanodrugs show that only between one and 10 percent of the drugs are delivered to the tumor site
with the majority of the remainder being diverted to the liver and spleen.''The body's immune system, especially the liver and spleen, has been one of the biggest stumbling blocks in developing nanoscale chemotherapy drug delivery systems,
The researchers believe that this increased availability will allow more of the drug to reach the tumor site,
#Disrupting tumor cell'microenvironment'suggests a new way to treat a prevalent childhood leukemia Researchers at NYU Langone Medical center
and tumors were smaller than in similar mice that retained CXCL12 production. Deletion of the CXCR4 gene led to sustained T-ALL remission within a month in similar mice,
whose lab focus includes non-melanoma skin cancer, in which GLUT1 is expressed highly d
#First live birth after transplantation of ovarian tissue removed and frozen during childhood Arraythe patient, who was born in the Republic of congo,
'In the long run, we anticipate that the ability to drive immune reaction ex vivo at controllable rates grants us the ability to reproduce immunological events with tunable parameters for better mechanistic understanding of B cell development and generation of B cell tumors,
Most importantly, they also found that these stem cells can give rise to colonic tumors and sustain their growth.
they also found that these stem cells can give rise to colonic tumors and sustain their growth.
and sustain tumors, telling us that our cancer therapy needs to target more than one stem cell pool.'
and efforts are ongoing to expand this to tumors beyond kidney cancer, "says Dr. Ho.
called AIM2 (Absent in Melanoma 2), plays a role in determining the aggressiveness of colon cancer.
it might be useful to detect the level of AIM2 expression in polyps taken from colonoscopy and use this as one of the biomarkers for prognosis,
such as interferons, might reduce tumor progression. Also, transferring healthy microbiota or a group of'good'bacteria to patients with colorectal cancer at the early stage of disease may prolong survival,
And a study by other researchers had found that more than half of small bowel tumors had AIM2 mutations.
showed significantly more tumors than normal mice. The scientists'studies also showed that AIM2 played a role independent of its immune role,
The scientists found a striking reduction in colon tumors in the AIM2-deficient mice and an increase in tumors in the normal mice.'
#New mechanism that regulates tumor initiation, invasion in skin basal cell carcinoma Researchers at the Université libre de Bruxelles,
ULB uncover a new mechanism that regulates tumour initiation and invasion in skin basal cell carcinoma.
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer found in human with several million of new patients affected every year around the world.
directly controls skin cancer formation by regulating the expansion of tumor initiating cells and the invasive properties of cancer cells.
and is maintained in invasive tumors. Deletion of Sox9 prevents skin cancer formation demonstrating the essential role of Sox9 during tumorigenesis
"It was really exciting to see that the deletion of only one gene was sufficient to completely prevent tumor formation.
as well as the gene network regulated by Sox9 during the early steps of skin tumor initiation
cell adhesion and cytoskeleton dynamics required for tumor invasion. These results have important implications for the development of novel strategies to block tumor formation and invasion in the most frequent cancer in humans."
"Given that the majority of human cancers express Sox9, it is likely that the results of this study will be relevant for other cancers in humans
and will help to define new strategies to prevent cancer formation and block tumor invasion"comments Cédric Blanpain, the last and corresponding author of this study.
#Discovery could lead to personalized colon cancer treatment approach A UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center discovery of just how a certain tumor suppressor molecule works to prevent tumor growth could lead to a personalized treatment
the researchers reported that the tumor-suppressing protein AIM2, or Absent in Melanoma 2, helps prevent colon cancer by restricting a signaling molecule called Akt.
With this finding, the researchers believe theye found a possible drug target for colon cancer patients who lack the tumor suppressor AIM2. everal studies
and clinical evidence suggest AIM2 functions as a tumor suppressor, but until now, wee had very little direct evidence to explains how this occurs,
said Justin E. Wilson, Phd, the study first author and a postdoctoral fellow at UNC Lineberger,
And in mouse models lacking AIM2, the researchers found that they had smaller tumors and precancerous colon polyps when blocked Akt.
#Activated T cell therapy for advanced melanoma developed Published in the July/August issue of Journal of Immunotherapy,
these new findings demonstrate that T cells derived from lymph nodes of patients with melanoma can be expanded in number
which have been exposed to growing melanoma in the patient's body. Rather than trying to activate the T cells while in the body,
These promising findings have led to the recent launch of a new Phase I human clinical trial at UH Seidman Cancer Center in patients with advanced melanoma.
and eventually study other tumor types including lung, colorectal and breast cancers s
#Omnidirectional free space wireless charging of multiple wireless devices Scientists have made great strides in wireless-power transfer development.
and Bioengineering have designed a nanoparticle transport system for gene delivery that destroys deadly brain gliomas in a rat model,
The nanoparticles are filled with genes for an enzyme that converts a prodrug called ganciclovir into a potent destroyer of the glioma cells.
Glioma is one of the most lethal human cancers, with a five year survival rate of just 12,
Advances in the understanding of the molecular processes that cause these tumors has resulted in therapies aimed at delivering specific genes into tumors--genes that make proteins to kill
or suppress the growth of the tumor. Currently this approach relies heavily on using viruses to deliver the anti-tumor genes into the target cancer cells.
Unfortunately, viral delivery poses significant safety risks including toxicity, activation of the patient's immune system against the virus,
and the possibility of the virus itself encouraging tumors to develop.""Efforts to treat glioma with traditional drug
and radiation therapies have not been very successful, "says Jessica Tucker, Ph d.,NIBIB Director for the Program in Gene and Drug Delivery Systems and Devices."
rather than potentially harmful viruses, is a significant step that reinvigorates the potential for gene therapy to treat deadly gliomas as well as other cancers."
A number of polymer structures were tested for their ability to deliver DNA into two rat glioma cell lines.
Among the many polymers tried, the one known as PBAE 447 was found to be the most efficient in delivering the HSVTK gene into the cultured rat glioma cells.
the HSVTK-encoding nanoparticles were 100%effective in killing both of the glioma cell lines grown in the laboratory.
Next, the gene therapy system was tested in live rats with brain gliomas. Because it is important that the nanoparticles spread throughout the entire tumor,
they were infused into the rat gliomas using convection-enhanced delivery (CED). The method involves injection into the tumor and the application of a pressure gradient,
which efficiently disperses the nanoparticles throughout the tumors. To test the tumor-killing ability of the system,
the tumor-bearing rats were given systemic administration of ganciclovir for two days, then CED was used to infuse the HSVTK-encoding nanoparticles into the rat gliomas,
and systemic ganciclovir treatment continued for eight more days. The treatment resulted in shrinkage of the tumors
and a significant increase in survival when compared with control glioma-bearing animals that did not receive the combination treatment."
"The results provide the first demonstration of a successful non-viral nanomedicine method for HSVTK/ganciclovir treatment of brain cancer,"stated Green."
"Next steps will include enhancing the efficiency of this nanoparticle delivery system and evaluating the technology in additional brain cancer animal models."
"In the future, the investigators envision that doctors would administer this therapy during the surgery commonly used to treat glioma in humans.
They are interested also in testing the ability to deliver other cancer-killing genes and whether the nanoparticles could be administered successfully systemically
--which could broaden the use of the therapy for a wide range of solid tumors and systemic cancers s
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011