Nervous system diseases

Alzheimer's disease (100)
Brain damage (21)
Brain disorder (23)
Brain injury (51)
Cerebral palsy (21)
Epilepsy (122)
Meningitis (38)
Neuropathy (13)
Paralysis (139)
Parkinson's disease (78)
Tinnitus (15)

Synopsis: Health: Illness: Nervous system diseases:

Tests carried out on 18 pilots at Stanford university found those given the Alzheimer's disease drug Aricept for 30 days were better able to retain complex aviation tasks learnt on a simulator than those given placebos.

People with irritable bowel syndrome, obesity, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's and depression have been shown to have differences in gut bacteria

Spinal meningitis as a baby and extremely poor eating habits my entire life, I feel, have caused my immune system to overact.

and provides a new way to study both the normal brain and brain disorders such as epilepsy and autism.

epilepsy or intellectual disability (see this review article for further background). But they also can be completely benign

#State Leadership In Financing A Greener Future While crippling paralysis has become standard operating procedure for Congress in the face of mounting climate and energy challenges,

Brain injuries suffered in a car crash during a business trip in Dubai have left the 47-year-old unable to work.

So it is about learning news ways of living with new rules Is there a way for traumatic brain injury victims like Jouni get a second chance at a normal life?

Traumatic brain injuries, or TBIS, are difficult to treat. As every trauma is different, and because our brains control virtually all bodily functions it is often a challenge for neurologists to offer a clear diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation.

that has included even making a speech at a seminar on traumatic brain injuries. After some difficult months, he says he now looking to the future:

#Promising future for tiny epilepsy defibrillator Antal Berényi combined a boyhood passion for electronics and years of medical training to build a device that,

and stop epileptic attacks just as a defibrillator corrects heart arrhythmia. Like its inventor, the prototype device,

and stop epileptic attacks without drugs and without major brain surgery. To the 50 million people worldwide who suffer from epileptic seizures a chronic neurobiological disorder this simple plan could transform their lives.

Working with the renowned scientist Dr György Buzsáki of CMBN Rutgers, State university of New jersey (US), he not only built the prototype device,

when an epileptic seizure is coming and applies tiny, on-demand electric pulses which help the brain return to normal functioning.

especially for the 30%of epileptics who cannot be treated with drugs. The fact that the device can be implanted in a minimally invasive way is"crucial"

and the project's work has gained wider attention following the November publication in Science magazine of the team's findings on'Closed-loop control of epilepsy by trans-cranial electrical stimulation'.

#Expanding insight into Alzheimer's disease Chronic neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's, are all characterised by an inflammatory reaction within the brain.

Neurosurgeon Francesco Cardinale is a specialist in epilepsy surgery. He helped the robot engineers at Politecnico di Milano understand what doctors really need.

rug-resistant epilepsy, Parkinsons and other motor skill problems like for example dystonia, chronic pain and all types of brain cancer, said Cardinale.

The DECIDE consortium has implemented onto neugrid a popular tool for the detection of a diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease based on PET imaging (gridspm.

The community of imaging scientists working on Alzheimer's disease need new powerful environments to perform experiments on such datasets.

The neugrid e-infrastructure is so far the first and only European effort aiming to offer a distributed working environment to computational neuroscientists. neugrid has been developed for the front runner community of neuroscientists working in the field of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases (i e.

and treating the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.""Tiny wireless nodes such as these have the potential to become a key tool for addressing neurological disorders"says Florian Solzbacher professor of electrical and computer engineering at University of Utah and director of its Center for Engineering Innovation.

#Brain surgery robot would go through the cheek Vanderbilt University Posted by David Salisbury-VU on October 16 2014for people with severe epilepsy treatment can mean drilling through the skull deep into the brain

if it was possible to address epileptic seizures in a less invasive way? They decided it would be possible.

The engineers identified epilepsy surgery as an ideal high-impact application through discussions with Joseph Neimat associate professor of neurological surgery.

and identify the location where the epileptic fits originate. But the straight needles they use can t reach the source region

and sarin gas Scientists are developing a way to prevent brain damage among people exposed to poisonous chemicals found in pesticides and chemical weapons.

Many groups have begun to apply CLARITY to probe brains donated from people who had diseases like epilepsy or autism

and stem cell treatments after a brain injury to rebuild some of the damage. The questions ahead are both upstream from the new Chat+neurons and downstream,

multiple scans performed over time could be used to monitor the progress of patients treated for brain injuries, developmental disorders such as autism,

one of a class of drugs shown in animal experiments to confer some protection from brain damage due to Fragile X syndrome,

These visualization tools are prototypes of probes that could some day help researchers better understand the ion channel dysfunctions that lead to epilepsy cardiac arrhythmias

For example the Kv2. 1 channel that this probe binds to leads to epilepsy when it s not functioning properly. n addition the ability to better observe electrical signaling could help researchers map the brain at its most basic levels. nderstanding the molecular

Understanding how the brain s activity can be lexedduring learning could eventually be used to develop better treatments for stroke and other brain injuries.

or the study the research team trained animals (Rhesus macaques) to use a brain-computer interface (BCI) similar to ones that have shown recent promise in clinical trials for assisting quadriplegics

but could offer insight into human ailments such as strokes migraines and possibly Alzheimer s and Parkinson s diseases.

and Parkinson s diseases might elicit #or be caused in part by#changes in blood flow to certain parts of the brain.

A demonstrated neural firing-rate set point opens up a whole new approach to thinking about neurological disorders such as epilepsy in

"By making an inexpensive system you could have one in every hospital to test for traumatic brain injuries

The researchers hope the gelatin nanoparticles administered through the nasal cavity can help deliver other drugs to more effectively treat a variety of brain injuries and neurological diseases.#

which can lead to conditions such as Alzheimer s disease and diabetes. To investigate why this decline occurs,

and those who have a neurological disease or brain injury. The bulk of the brain s development happens before birth,

Malinow, who holds the Shiley Endowed Chair in Alzheimer s disease Research in Honor of Dr. Leon Thal,

noted that the beta amyloid peptide that accumulates in the brains of people with Alzheimer s disease weakens synaptic connections in much the same way that low-frequency stimulation erased memories in the rats.

saying that work on embryonic-stem-cell lines could lead to therapies for Parkinson s disease, diabetes and other ailments."

Mir-7 targets have been linked to cancer and Parkinson s disease. Hansen s team found that expression of the circular RNA blocked the blockers.

to have an implant with electrodes paired with drug delivery pumps that could sense an oncoming epileptic seizure

Knowledge of brain activity in these various states is clinically relevant for assessing levels of consciousness in patients with severe brain injury y

#Researchers Identify Important Control Mechanisms for Walking Even after complete spinal paralysis, the human spinal cord is able to trigger activity in the leg muscles using electrical pulses from an implanted stimulator.

This is the first time throughout the world that the spinal-cord activation patterns for walking have been decoded Paraplegics still have neural connections (so-called locomotion centers) below the site of the injury

New possibilities for rehabilitation following spinal paralysis These new findings relating to the basic patterns for triggering

and the resulting paralysis by stimulating them electrically. This opens the way to new therapeutic options for helping paraplegics to at least partially regain lost rhythmic movements.

Exactly how the neural networks need to be stimulated depends upon the patient individual injury profile and is the subject of further studies.

#Genetic Brain disorders Converge at the Synapse Several genetic disorders cause intellectual disability and autism. Historically, these genetic brain diseases were viewed as untreatable.

#Tau Associated MAPT Gene Increases Risk for Alzheimer's disease A international team of scientists, led by researchers at the University of California,

and Extra Copies of Disease Gene in Alzheimer s Brain cells The surprise discovery offers a new understanding of Alzheimer s disease.

and Alzheimer s disease#said Jerold Chun professor at TSRI and its Dorris Neuroscience Center and senior author of the new study.

Alzheimer s disease is an irreversible brain disease that tends to strike older people. It is progressive#impairing memory destroying motor skills and eventually causing death.

The U s. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates 5. 3 million Americans currently have Alzheimer s disease

Remarkably the researchers found that more than 90 percent of sporadic Alzheimer s disease brains displayed highly significant DNA increases of hundreds of millions more DNA base-pairs compared with control samples showing that genomic mosaicism was altered in the Alzheimer s brain.

The tests showed that neurons from patients with sporadic Alzheimer s disease were four times as likely to contain more than the normal two copies of APP with some Alzheimer s neurons containing up to 12 copies of APP a phenomenon never seen in the controls.#

because the genomic signatures of sporadic Alzheimer s disease occur within individual brain cells. Indeed a majority of major brain diseases are also sporadic.

and disease the causes of mosaicism and potential new disease drug targets present in the millions of extra base-pairs found in single Alzheimer s disease neurons.

In addition to Chun Kaeser and Bushman other authors of the study#Genomic mosaicism with increased amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene copy number in single neurons from sporadic Alzheimer s disease brains#were Jurgen

Full open access research for#Genomic mosaicism with increased amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene copy number in single neurons from sporadic Alzheimer s disease brains#by Diane M Bushman

In this study we report altered genomic mosaicism in single sporadic Alzheimer s disease (AD) neurons characterized by increases in DNA content and amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene copy number.

This noninvasive approach could pave the way to using optogenetics in human patients to treat epilepsy and other neurological disorders,

This type of noninvasive approach to optogenetics could also represent a step toward developing optogenetic treatments for diseases such as epilepsy,

The new approach, described May 18 in Nature Methods, could also help neuroscientists learn more about the biological basis of brain disorders. e don really know

for any brain disorder, the exact set of cells involved, Boyden says. he ability to survey activity throughout a nervous system may help pinpoint the cells

or networks that are involved with a brain disorder, leading to new ideas for therapies. Boyden team developed the brain-mapping method with researchers in the lab of Alipasha Vaziri of the University of Vienna and the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology in Vienna.

and could benefit patients suffering from paralysis or neurodegenerative diseases. his is the first time that MEG

#New findings reveal genetic brain disorders converge at the synapse Picower Institute for Learning and Memory January 12,

and treat brain injury and disease. Explore further: See-through sensors open new window into the brain More information:

#See-through one-atom-thick carbon electrodes powerful tool to study brain disorders Researchers from the Perelman School of medicine and School of engineering at the University of Pennsylvania and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia have used graphene

Pinning down the details of how individual neural circuits operate in epilepsy and other neurological disorders requires real-time observation of their locations firing patterns

or DNA sequence from one animal into the genome of another plays a critical role in a wide range of medical researchncluding cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes.

#To make it happen the team removed parts of skull from three patients experiencing frequent drug-resistant epileptic seizures then attached a packet of electrodes to their exposed brains.

In animal studies this enabled reseachers to recognize the subtle brain signals that seem to give rise to seizures#a capability#he hopes doctors can use to better understand epilepsy in humans.

It's one of the leading causes of paralysis in the United states and the debilitating effects often can be permanent.

But over the past few years scientists have begun to overcome some kinds of paralysis using epidural electrical stimulation or EES for short.

In the experiment the rats'spinal cords were severed completely causing total paralysis of the hindlimbs. Yet the researchers got the rodents walking again with the help of EES and some training sessions (during

Upper right corner for 1 bottom right corner for 0.)This part of the process takes advantage of technology that several labs have developed to allow people with paralysis to control computer cursors or robot arms.

Previouslyâ building rehabilitative toys for kids with cerebral palsy. Happiest in a machine shop with a well-made spreadsheet or fly fishing.

For someone who is paraplegic a major issue when using an exoskeleton is that the person is not able to feel their legs

Their advances have allowed individuals with extensive paralysis and locked-in syndrome to interact with the world around them by controlling a computer mouse with their mind.

The system was developed originally to improve the quality of life of individuals with severely impaired motor abilities such as those with motor neuron disease or cerebral palsy.

This means that even an individual with complete body paralysis can still move their eyes over images on a screen.

and treat paralysis. Until now implants placed beneath the dura mater of the spinal cord have caused significant tissue damage

so they are quadriplegic...you probably couldn't give them sensation back through the nerves,

and post-rehabilitation illnesses like neuropathy. e are at a very exciting time, says Saria. ore

A first of its kind device that transforms paralysis victims'breath into words has been developed by researchers,

The researchers demonstrated that patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease had altered an'healthy ageing'RNA signature in their blood,

Until now, animal research on central nervous system disorders, such as spinal cord injury and Parkinson's disease, has been limited because researchers could not extract sufficient cerebrospinal fluid to perform conventional assays."

#Paraplegic man walks using only his brain power A brain-to-computer echnology that can translate thoughts into leg movements has enab ed a man paralysed from the waist down by a spinal cord injury to become the first such

The slow, halting first steps of the 28-year-old paraplegic were documented in a preliminary study published in The british-based Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation,

#Paraplegic man walks using only his brain power A brain-to-computer technology that can translate thoughts into leg movements has enabled a man paralysed from the waist down by a spinal cord injury to become the first such patient to walk without the use of robotics,

The slow, halting first steps of the 28-year-old paraplegic were documented in a preliminary study published in The british-based Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation,

What more, Aprecia have just been awarded FDA approval for the first of 3d printed drug of its kind, the epilepsy drug Spritam.

myoclonic seizures and primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in adults and children with epilepsy, they write.

This is good news for the large number of patients suffering from epilepsy-related afflictions, of which there are an estimated three million in the US alone

Surely epilepsy drugs already exist? Well you would be absolutely right, but the company argues that many patients have reported finding it difficult swallowing the large pills necessary. n my experience,

they mysteriously say about the exact way the technology works. y combining 3dp technology with a highly-prescribed epilepsy treatment,

you may never have to hear your uncle complain about his sciatica ever again v

Understanding how cells release those signals in less than one-thousandth of a second could help launch a new wave of research on drugs for treating brain disorders.

Until now, animal research on central nervous system disorders, such as spinal cord injury and Parkinson's disease, has been limited because researchers could not extract sufficient cerebrospinal fluid to perform conventional assays."

#Scientists Genetically Modify White blood cells to Treat Degenerative Neurological disorders As a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease, scientists at the University of North carolina at Chapel hill have created smarter immune cells that produce

or reverse the course of Parkinson's disease. There are only therapies to address quality of life, such as dopamine replacement,

but also reverses the progression of Parkinson's disease.""In addition to delivering GDNF, the engineered macrophages can"teach"neurons to make the protein for themselves by delivering both the tools and the instructions needed:

we harness the natural systems of the body to combat degenerative conditions like Parkinson's disease, "Batrakova said.

a Scotia resident and quadriplegic, began to look for ways he could remain engaged with the world of music.

was developed by Aprecia Pharmaceuticals to control seizures brought on by epilepsy. The company said that it planned to develop other medications using its 3d platform.

In particular, they demonstrated that patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease had altered an'healthy ageing'RNA signature in their blood,

extending far away from the glial cell. his has profound implications for glial disease like Krabbe, Charcot-Marie Tooth, peripheral neuropathies or Multiple sclerosis,

#Britain Becomes First Nation to Offer Meningitis B Vaccine After Tense Novartis AG Stand-Off The United kingdom will officially become the first country in the world to offer a vaccine for meningitis B after to infants covered under its national health system,

Meningitis causes severe neck pain after a bacterial infection of the lining surrounding the brain

and that means we can now go ahead this year with rolling out the meningitis B vaccine,

The finding led Edgerton to believe the same approach could be effective for people with complete paralysis. In the new research,

stepping and voluntary control of movements after paralysis. t was remarkable. Edgerton said most experts,

and when the subjects see their legs moving for the first time after paralysis, they say it a big deal.

the Walkabout Foundation and the Russian Scientific Fund. hese encouraging results provide continued evidence that spinal cord injury may no longer mean a lifelong sentence of paralysis

but not complete, paralysis. heye likely to improve even more, he said. The scientists can only work with a small number of patients, due to limited resources,

Almost 6 million Americans live with paralysis, including nearly 1. 3 million with spinal cord injuries. person can have hope, based on these results,

"In Australia, more than 12,000 people live with spinal cord paralysis and there is at least one new occurrence every day,

the current outcome for patients is permanent paralysis, with an overall cost to the community of $2 billion a year."

The slow, halting first steps of the 28-year-old paraplegic were documented in a preliminary study published in The british-based Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation,

and is used to diagnose epilepsy and sleep disorders. Kokoon's app gives detailed feedback based on the nightly EEG readings to help you improve your quality of kip, according to Antos.

Breakthrough could lead to better treatment for brain disorders Scientists have created super-intelligent mice by altering a single gene.

whether the findings could have implications for Alzheimer's disease or other dementias.''We'd need to see how this gene could influence memory

and fibres will prove to be a valuable research tool for non-animal testing of new drugs and investigating brain disorders such as Alzheimer's.

Already the scientists have gone on to create brain organoid models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, and autism, in a dish.

Military applications include research on Gulf war syndrome, traumatic brain injury, and posttraumatic stress disorder. r

#Royal Navy could soon be using remote-controlled warships with'see-through'hulls Sleek and stealthy, it resembles something from Star wars. In fact,

which can cause the brain to spin inside the skull and lead to brain injuries. Bob Weber, cofounder of 6d helmets, said the combination of the suspension system

Although Lewy Body disease (LBD) is the second-most-common degenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, it's not exactly a household name.

and effectively diagnose LBD and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) in about three minutes. The LBCRS is a brief rating scale that can be completed by a clinician to assess clinical signs

The LBCRS was able to discriminate between Alzheimer's disease and LBD with 96.8 percent accuracy, and provided sensitivity of 90 percent and specificity of 87 percent.

and Parkinson's disease e

#A molecular switch to stop inflammation Our immune system is vital to us and can sometimes overreact causing chronic illnesses,

#New field of application for versatile helper In Alzheimer's disease proteins clump together to long fibrils causing the death of nerve cells.

Heat shock proteins are associated also with other nervous system disorders like Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. Although it is still unclear what role these catastrophe aid workers play in the various ailments,

and animals (it is responsible for neurodegenerative diseases such as spongiform encephalopathies). According to a new SISSA study, the mechanism underlying this change is a metal, copper,

"In Australia, more than 12,000 people live with spinal cord paralysis and there is at least one new occurrence every day,

the current outcome for patients is permanent paralysis, with an overall cost to the community of $2 billion a year."

#Study finds how Alzheimer's-associated protein tangles spread through the brain Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) investigators have discovered a mechanism behind the spread of neurofibrillary tangles-one of the two hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease-through the brains

while extremely rare even in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, is able to spread from one neuron to another

"It has been postulated that tangles-the abnormal accumulation of tau protein that fills neurons in Alzheimer's disease-can travel from neuron to neuron as the disease progresses,

"says Bradley Hyman, MD, Phd, director of the MGH Alzheimer's disease Research center and senior author of the report."

and Ear/Harvard Medical school and Boston University have prevented successfully the development of Parkinson's disease in a mouse using new techniques to deliver drugs across the naturally impenetrable blood-brain barrier.

a known therapeutic protein for treating Parkinson's disease, to the brains of mice. They showed through behavioral

and histological data capture that their delivery method was equivalent to direct injection of GDNF-the current gold standard for delivering this drug in Parkinson's disease despite its traumatic nature and high complication rates-in diffusing drugs to the brain.

because the therapy has been shown to delay and even reverse disease progression of Parkinson's disease. Nasal mucosal grafting is a technique regularly used in the ENT field to reconstruct the barrier around the brain after surgery to the skull base.

"We see this expanding beyond Parkinson's disease, as there are multiple diseases of the brain that do not have good therapeutic options,

The National institutes of health, the National Science Foundation, the New jersey Commission on Brain injury Research, and Corning, Inc. provided funding for the research n

#Genetic Variance Found as Cause for Cerebral palsy Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common form of physical disability in children, with an incidence rate of approximately two cases for every 1, 000 live births.

"Our research suggests that there is a much stronger genetic component to cerebral palsy than previously suspected,

"explained lead author Maryam Oskoui, M d.,pediatric neurologist at The Montreal Children's Hospital (MCH) of the MUHC and co-director of the Canadian Cerebral palsy Registry."

"The findings from this study were published recently in Nature Communications through an article entitled linically relevant copy number variations detected in cerebral palsy.

"In light of the findings, we suggest that genomic analyses be integrated into the standard of practice for diagnostic assessment of cerebral palsy."

or new, CNVS identified in these patients with cerebral palsy is even more significant than some of the major CNV autism research from the last 10 years.

We've opened many doors for new research into cerebral palsy.""While the researchers were excited by their findings,

"stated co-author Michael Shevell, M d. co-director of the Canadian Cerebral palsy Registry and chair of the Department of Pediatrics at the MCH-MUHC."

This study will provide the impetus to make genetic testing a standard part of the comprehensive assessment of the child with cerebral palsy."

"Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common form of physical disability in children, with an incidence rate of approximately two cases for every 1, 000 live births.

"Our research suggests that there is a much stronger genetic component to cerebral palsy than previously suspected,

"The findings from this study were published recently in Nature Communications through an article entitled linically relevant copy number variations detected in cerebral palsy.

"In light of the findings, we suggest that genomic analyses be integrated into the standard of practice for diagnostic assessment of cerebral palsy."

or new, CNVS identified in these patients with cerebral palsy is even more significant than some of the major CNV autism research from the last 10 years.

We've opened many doors for new research into cerebral palsy.""While the researchers were excited by their findings,

This study will provide the impetus to make genetic testing a standard part of the comprehensive assessment of the child with cerebral palsy. e

"This research has profound implications for glial disease like Krabbe's, Charcot-Marie-Tooth, peripheral neuropathies or Multiple sclerosis,

#ARC vibrating pen steadies the ship for people with Parkinson's disease The development of tight, cramped cursive as a result of degenerating motor control is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease.

Known as micrographia, this condition can often lead people to put down their pens forever, but a team of British engineers say there might yet be hope for sufferer's of this dispiriting ailment.

but its large form is intended to make it easier to handle for people with Parkinson's disease. Packed inside are high frequency vibration motors

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