Some of these systems also come with ainand soil moisture sensors so that irrigation is released only when and as needed.
San jos known as the Capital of Silicon valley is installing a network of sensors to create a sustainability lens that uses Intel technology to measure characteristics such as particulates in the air noise pollution and traffic flow.
The city of San jos has installed a sensor demonstration platform using Intel Gateway Solutions for the Internet of things with an Intel Quark processor and third-party sensors.
Wong then replicated the processes in a small transparent chip that incorporates the artificial blood vessel and the surrounding simulated tissue material.
##We made 24 different Ebola sensors and tested them in a day for $21 each.##
(or##input##)a logic gate and an output but they are crafted from parts of cells rather than wires and transistors.
which allows the scientists to rationally design sensors and detectors. Because biological systems are particularly good at sensing changes in the environmentâ##our cells constantly monitor blood sugar
For a new study researchers used used iron-enhanced carbon cooked from hickory chips to successfully remove the toxin.
As reported in the journal Water Research Gao ground wood chips that were heated then in nitrogen gas but not burned.
##The shoebox-sized prototype diagnostic device known as the single particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (SP-IRIS) detects pathogens by shining light from multicolor LED sources on viral nanoparticles bound to the sensor
The sensor surface is very large and can capture the telltale responses of up to a million nanoparticles.
"This is a particular disadvantage for biocomputer components that serve as sensors for specific biomolecules and transmit the relevant signal.
The circuit controls the activity of individual sensor components using an internal timer. This circuit prevents a sensor from being active
when not required by the system; when required it can be activated via a control signal.
To understand the underlying technology it is important to know that these biological sensors consist of synthetic genes that are read by enzymes
To date the researchers have tested the function of their activation-ready sensor in cell culture of human kidney and cancer cells."
and wirelessly to smart chips programmed to perform medical tasks and report back the results.
Arbabian's team recently presented a working prototype of this wireless medical implant system at the IEEE Custom Integrated circuits Conference in San jose California.
The implant chip is powered by piezoelectricity which is caused electricity by pressure. In a piezoelectric material pressure compresses its molecular structure much like a child jumping on a bed compresses the mattress.
and decompresses a million times a second providing electrical charge to the chip"says Marcus Weber who worked on the team with fellow graduate students Jayant Charthad and Ting Chia Chang.
In the future the team plans to extend the capabilities of the implant chip to perform medical tasks such as running sensors
Finally the"smart chip"contains a radio antenna to beam back sensor readings or signal the completion of its therapeutic task.
The goal is to produce smaller devices that could be used to create a network of electrodes to study the brains of experimental animals in ways not currently possible."
They learned that neuroscientists currently use the through-the-cheek approach to implant electrodes in the brain to track brain activity
These results provide the first examples of epidermal photonic sensors says John A. Rogers the paper s corresponding author
Sensors in digital cameras are designed to record three colors: red green and blue. Hemoglobinâ##a component of bloodâ###absorbs##more of the green spectrum of light
and this subtle change can be detected by the camera s sensor. In turns out that the face is the ideal place to detect this phenomenon
The ventromedial nucleus contains cells that are glucose sensors. To understand the role of prolyl endopeptidase in this part of the brain
#Wearable vapor sensor can smell diabetes A wearable vapor sensor could monitor diseases such as diabetes
Fan is developing the sensor with Zhaohui Zhong an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering, and Girish Kulkarni, a doctoral candidate in electrical engineering.
Other applications Beyond disease monitoring, the sensor has other applications. It would be able to register the presence of hazardous chemical leaks in a lab,
the researchers took a unique approach to detecting molecules. anoelectronic sensors typically depend on detecting charge transfer between the sensor and a molecule in air or in solution,
However, these previous techniques typically led to strong bonds between the molecules being detected and the sensor itself.
The sensor can detect molecules in sample sizes at a ratio of several parts per billion.
These nanoelectronic graphene vapor sensors can be embedded completely in a microgas chromatography system which is the gold standard for vapor analysis,
The entire microgas chromatography system can be integrated on a single chip with low power operation, and embedded in a badge-sized device that can be worn on the body to provide noninvasive and continuous monitoring of specific health conditions. e believe this device can be extremely beneficial to society,
The new device could be used to build the next generation of hearing aids with intelligent microphones that adaptively focus only on those conversations
MISSILES AND PARASITES The heat-seeking detector, which is coupled to an infrared imaging microscope, allowed the team to detect the earliest stages of the malaria parasite in a single red blood cell.
Journalist and photographer Jeremy Kelly, from Melbourne, Australia, files pictures via a BGAN satellite terminal from Foward Operating Base Tora.
a single lipof the top chip will turn the channels into individual wells, with each well ideally holding a single microbe.
#Electronic eye sensor watches out for glaucoma Researchers have designed a high-tech, low-power sensor that can be placed permanently in a person eye to track hard-to-measure changes in pressure
and monitor for diseases like glaucoma. The sensor would be embedded with an artificial lens during cataract surgery
and would detect pressure changes instantaneously, then transmit the data wirelessly using radio frequency waves. o one has ever put electronics inside the lens of the eye,
If you can fit this sensor device into an intraocular lens implant during cataract surgery it won require any further surgery for patients.
A thin, circular antenna spans the perimeter of the deviceoughly tracing a person irisnd harnesses enough energy from the surrounding field to power a small pressure sensor chip.
The chip communicates with a close-by receiver about any shifts in frequency which signify a change in pressure.
The chip processing mechanism is actually very simple, leaving the computational heavy lifting to the nearby receiver,
which could be a handheld device or possibly built into a smartphone, Böhringer says. CHANGING EYE PRESSURE The current prototype is larger than it would need to be to fit into an artificial lens,
#Handheld terahertz cameras could replace MRI Rice university rightoriginal Studyposted by Mike Williams-Rice on June 11 2014scientists have used carbon nanotubes to create compact terahertz sensors that operate at room temperature.
The potential improvements in size ease cost and mobility of a terahertz-based detector are phenomenal Kono says.
The problem LÃNARD says is that terahertz radiation typically requires an antenna to achieve coupling into a single nanotube due to the relatively large size of terahertz waves.
The researchers however found a way to create a small detector that is visible to the naked eye.
and graduate student Xiaowei He does not require an antenna and is thus amenable to simple fabrication.
and sensors connected to cables. The full-scale DOT unit takes up an area slightly larger than an old-fashioned phone booth
#Chip uses magnetism to sort living cells Researchers have developed a chip-like device that similar to a random access memory chip,
Moving cells with magnets Yellen and his collaborator, Cheol Gi Kim of Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology in South korea, printed thin electromagnetic components like those found on microchips onto a slide.
while built-in switches direct traffic to storage sites on the chip. The result is an integrated circuit that controls small magnetic objects much like the way electrons are controlled on computer chips.
In the study, the engineers demonstrate a 3-by-3 grid of compartments that allow magnetic beads to enter but not leave.
Applications for HIV and cancer In a random access memory chip, similar logic circuits manipulate electrons on a nanometer scale, controlling billions of compartments in a square inch.
and move with the skin uses off-the shelf chip-based electronics to continuously track health
and EEG monitors and found the wireless patch performed equally to conventional sensors, while being significantly more comfortable for patients.
While those also offer high-performance monitoring, the ability to incorporate readily available chip-based components provides many important
Researchers turned to soft microfluidic designs to address the challenge of integrating relatively big, bulky chips with the soft
The chip components are suspended on tiny raised support points, bonding them to the underlying patch
squiggly wires connecting the electronics componentsadios, power inductors, sensors, and more. The serpentine-shaped wires are folded like origami,
the chips don have to. Skin-mounted devices could give those interested in fitness tracking a more complete and accurate picture of their activity level,
#Microchip could detect infection in artificial joints A tiny microchip could improve postoperative care for patients with knee replacements
Alexander Star, an associate professor of chemistry at the University of Pittsburgh, says the new chip,
The chip, festooned with tiny carbon nanotubes (engineered segments of carbon that are efficient electrical conductors) and treated with a proprietary polymer
The wirelessly powered chip can be attached to implants and can stay in the body long term.
A paper on the chip appears online in Scientific Reports. Star and his team have developed similar chip/nanotube sensors that can be affixed to a toothbrush to detect bad breath (the presence of hydrogen sulfide)
and another that can identify the beginning of an asthma attack by measuring nitric oxide. Another Star-developed chip measures acetone in breath, an indicator of diabetes.
A National Energy technology Laboratory grant supported the research
#Silly Putty component helps build carpet for stem cells The sponginess of the environment where human embryonic stem cells are growing affects the type of specialized cells they eventually become, a new study shows.
The design is based on materials widely used in integrated circuits such as gold copper and silicon making it easier to integrate in the circuit boards of modern communication devices.
The researchers device works by mimicking the way magnetic materials break the symmetry in wave transmission between two points in space a critical function that allows magnetic circulators to selectively route radio waves.
#Toss time capsule into stream to detect chemicals Stanford university rightoriginal Studyposted by Tom Abate-Stanford on November 5 2014a new inexpensive sensor can record
Sindy K. Y. Tang an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Stanford university describes what she calls her ime capsule technologyin the journal Lab on a Chip.
That feature allows Tang to make devices that are smaller and cheaper than current sensors.
or petroleum reservoirs deep underground#places where pressure and temperature could destroy conventional electronic sensors.
Ultimately she would like to make chemical sensors the size of the period in this sentence and use them to map chemical and physical environments deep underground. he capsules would have to be small enough to fit through the cracks in rock layers
For a new study researchers used used iron-enhanced carbon cooked from hickory chips to successfully remove the toxin.
As reported in the journal Water Research Gao ground wood chips that were heated then in nitrogen gas but not burned.
This is a particular disadvantage for biocomputer components that serve as sensors for specific biomolecules and transmit the relevant signal.
The circuit controls the activity of individual sensor components using an internal imer. This circuit prevents a sensor from being active
when not required by the system; when required it can be activated via a control signal.
To understand the underlying technology it is important to know that these biological sensors consist of synthetic genes that are read by enzymes
To date the researchers have tested the function of their activation-ready sensor in cell culture of human kidney
In their experiments reported in the journal Science researchers measured the MRI signal with a novel diamond sensor chip using an optical readout in a fluorescence microscope.
The sensor consisted of an impurity in diamond known as the nitrogen-vacancy center. In this case two carbon atoms are missing in the otherwise regular diamond lattice
and power wearable sensors or medical devices or perhaps supply enough energy to charge your cell phone in your pocketsays James Hone professor of mechanical engineering at Columbia University
They then patterned metal electrodes onto the flakes. In research done at Georgia Tech Wang s group installed measurement electrodes on samples provided by Hone s group then measured current flows as the samples were deformed mechanically.
They monitored the conversion of mechanical to electrical energy and observed voltage and current outputs. The researchers also noted that the output voltage reversed sign
He says using a smartphone with Glass has several benefits as compared to using Glass by itself. lass has its own microphone
but it s designed for the wearersays Starner who is also a technical lead for Glass. he mobile phone puts a microphone directly next to the speaker s mouth reducing background noise
Wider beams are better able to cope with obstacles between the transmitter and the receiver and radio is affected not as by atmospheric turbulence as optics,
A receiver at the other end of the room then untwisted and recovered the different data streams. his technology could have very important applications in ultra-high-speed links for the wireless ackhaulthat connects base stations of next-generation cellular systems,
and flexible electronic devices to harvest solar energysays Luyao Lu a graduate student in chemistry and lead author of a paper in the journal Nature Photonics that describes the result.
The fibers serve as a pathway to allow electrons to travel to the electrodes on the sides of the solar cell. t s like you re generating a street
The technology uses aluminum nanoparticles to create the vivid red blue and green hues found in today s top-of-the-line LCD televisions and monitors.
and blue that are comparable to those found in high-definition LCD displays. luminum is useful
Olson s five-micron-square pixels are about 40 times smaller than the pixels used in commercial LCD displays.
and Link say the research team hopes to create an LCD display that uses many of the same components found in today s displays including liquid crystals polarizers and individually addressable pixels.
#Ant-size radios could help create Internet of things A new radio the size of an ant can gather all the power it needs from the same electromagnetic waves that carry signals to its receiving antenna no batteries required.
and relay commands this tiny wireless chip costs pennies to Make it's cheap enough to become the missing link between the internet as we know it
and the linked-together smart gadgets envisioned in the nternet of Things. he next exponential growth in connectivity will be connecting objects together and giving us remote control through the websays Amin Arbabian an assistant professor of electrical engineering at Stanford university who recently demonstrated this ant
Much of the infrastructure needed to enable us to control sensors and devices remotely already exists:
Arbabian asks. y putting all the essential elements of a radio on a single chip that costs pennies to make. ost is critical
The antenna had to be small one-tenth the size of a Wi-fi antenna and operate at the incredibly fast rate of 24 billion cycles per second.
but in the end Arbabian managed to put all the necessary components on one chip: a receiving antenna that also scavenges energy from incoming electromagnetic waves;
a transmitting antenna to broadcast replies and relay signals over short distances; and a central processor to interpret
and execute instructions. No external components or power are needed. And this ant-sized radio can be made for pennies.
Based on his designs The french semiconductor manufacturer STMICROELECTRONICS fabricated 100 of these radios-on-a-chip.
Now Arbabian envisions networks of these radio chips deployed every meter or so throughout a house (they would have to be set close to one another
#Detector could vastly improve night-vision goggles Monash University right Original Studyposted by Glynis Smalley-Monash on September 8 2014 Researchers have developed a light detector that could revolutionize chemical-sensing equipment and night-vision technology.
The detector which is interconnected based on the carbon atoms in graphene can sense light over an unusually broad range of wavelengths including terahertz waves between infrared
The research could lead to a generation of light detectors that could see below the surface of walls
Existing detectors that work at room temperature are bulky slow and expensive. Fuhrer says the new detector worked at room temperature
and was already as sensitive as any existing room-temperature detector technology in the terahertz range
but was also more than a million times faster. he combination of sensitivity and speed for terahertz detection is simply unprecedentedhe says.
Until now Schroers has focused on smaller-scale specialty production items including watch components and sensors. Smartphone cases were a natural
#Sensor device grabs energy in odd places University of Washington Posted by Michelle Ma-Washington on September 4 2014scientists have built a new power harvester that uses natural fluctuations in temperature
The device harvests energy in any location where these temperature changes naturally occur powering sensors that can check for water leaks
This powers sensors that also are placed on the bellows and data collected by the sensors is sent wirelessly to a receiver.
A number of battery-free technologies exist that are powered by solar and ambient radio frequency waves.
or inside a wall and sensors would be tuned to check for water leaks. Similarly when used inside a bridge the sensors could detect any cracks forming or structural deficiencies.
In both cases the sensors would send a signal to the nearby powered receiver. A temperature change of only 0. 25 degrees Celsius creates enough energy to power the sensor node to read
and send data wirelessly to a receiver 5 meters away. That means any slight shift in an office building s air conditioning or the natural outside air temperature during the course of a day would be more than enough to activate the chemical in the bellows.
The technology uses temperature changes over time as its power source. Devices called thermoelectric generators also leverage varying temperatures for power
but these instruments require a temperature difference at an exact moment such as in a place where one side is hot
In a paper published in the latest issue of Lab on a Chip Vogel and her team presented a molecular assembly line featuring all the elements of a conventional production line:
The photodetector which sees colors in much the same way the human eye does uses an aluminum grating that can be added to silicon photodetectors with the silicon microchip industry s mainstay technology omplementary metal-oxide
This color filtering is done commonly using off-chip dielectric or dye color filters which degrade under exposure to sunlight
and can also be difficult to align with imaging sensors. oday s color filtering mechanisms often involve materials that are not CMOS-compatible
but this new approach has advantages beyond on-chip integrationsays LANP Director Naomi Halas the lead scientist of the study. t s also more compact and simple
The battery sends an electric current through two electrodes that split liquid water into hydrogen and oxygen gas.
Unlike other water splitters that use precious-metal catalysts the electrodes in the Stanford device are made of inexpensive and abundant nickel
His next goal is to improve the durability of the device. he electrodes are fairly stable
The technology is featured in the journal Advanced Optical Materials. t opens a lot of area to deploy solar energy in a nonintrusive waylunt says. t can be used on tall buildings with lots of windows or any kind of mobile device that demands high aesthetic quality like a phone or e reader.
They expect the finding to be important to manufacturers considering the use of graphene in electronic devices.
After depositing copper foams on an electrode the researchers set up experiments to see what kinds of products would be produced in an electrochemical reaction with CO2 in water.
what had been reported with planar electrodes which was a surprisepalmore says. e ve identified another parameter to consider in the electroreduction of CO2.
and collect the resulting signal with a powerful parabolic antenna so that the signal could then be analyzed
#Wearable vapor sensor can smell diabetes University of Michigan rightoriginal Studyposted by Catharine June-U. Michigan on August 6 2014.
A wearable vapor sensor could monitor diseases such as diabetes and hypertension by picking up airborne biomarkers exhaled
Fan is developing the sensor with Zhaohui Zhong an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering and Girish Kulkarni a doctoral candidate in electrical engineering.
Beyond disease monitoring the sensor has other applications. It would be able to register the presence of hazardous chemical leaks in a lab
To create their technology the researchers took a unique approach to detecting molecules. anoelectronic sensors typically depend on detecting charge transfer between the sensor
However these previous techniques typically led to strong bonds between the molecules being detected and the sensor itself.
The sensor can detect molecules in sample sizes at a ratio of several parts per billion.
These nanoelectronic graphene vapor sensors can be embedded completely in a microgas chromatography system which is the gold standard for vapor analysis the researchers say.
The entire microgas chromatography system can be integrated on a single chip with low power operation and embedded in a badge-sized device that can be worn on the body to provide noninvasive and continuous monitoring of specific health conditions. e believe this device can be extremely beneficial to societyfan says.
Or battery-free sensors embedded around your home could track minute-by-minute temperature changes and send that information to your thermostat to help conserve energy.
This not-so-distant nternet of Thingsreality would extend connectivity to perhaps billions of devices.
Sensors could be embedded in everyday objects to help monitor and track everything from the structural safety of bridges to the health of your heart.
This work builds upon previous research that showed how low-powered devices such as temperature sensors
The researchers instead developed an ultra-low power tag prototype with an antenna and circuitry that can talk to Wi-fi-enabled laptops or smartphones while consuming negligible power.
How carbyne is attached to electrodes also matters Artyukhov says. ifferent bond connectivity patterns can affect the metallic/dielectric state balance
#Laser device sniffs out tiny traces of explosives University of California Berkeley rightoriginal Studyposted by Sarah Yang-Berkeley on July 24 2014mechanical engineers have found a way to dramatically increase the sensitivity of a light-based plasmon sensor.
The engineers put the sensor to the test with various explosivesâ##2. 4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) ammonium nitrate
The results published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology are much more sensitive than those for other optical sensors says Xiang Zhang professor of mechanical engineering at University of California Berkeley. ptical explosive sensors are very sensitive
which is one of the most powerful tools we have today. he new sensor could have an advantage over current bomb-screening methods says co-lead author Ren-Min Ma an assistant professor of
Our technology could lead to a bomb-detecting chip for a handheld device that can detect the tiny-trace vapor in the air of the explosive s small molecules. he sensor also could be developed into an alarm for unexploded landmines that
The nanoscale plasmon sensor used in the lab experiments is much smaller than other explosive detectors on the market.
Because of this the researchers are hopeful that their plasmon laser sensor could detect pentaerythritol tetranitrate or PETN an explosive compound considered a favorite of terrorists.
The sensor represents the latest milestone in surface plasmon sensor technology which is used now in the medical field to detect biomarkers in the early stages of disease.
The ability to increase the sensitivity of optical sensors traditionally had been restricted by the diffraction limit a limitation in fundamental physics that forces a tradeoff between how long
The amplified sensor creates a much stronger signal than the passive plasmon sensors currently available
which makes it easier to detect even smaller changes for tiny traces of explosives in the air. he sensor could have applications beyond chemical and explosive detection such as use in biomolecular research.
MISSILES AND PARASITES The heat-seeking detector, which is coupled to an infrared imaging microscope, allowed the team to detect the earliest stages of the malaria parasite in a single red blood cell.
The solutions are pumped into a cell containing a membrane between the two fluids with electrodes on either side releasing energy.
In addition, the researchers believe that the material lends itself to many kinds of highly sensitive sensors. e found this graphene oxide fiber was very strong
This new form of solid stable light-sensitive nanoparticles called colloidal quantum dots could lead to cheaper and more flexible solar cells as well as better gas sensors infrared lasers infrared light emitting diodes and more.
For the average person this means more sophisticated weather satellites remote controllers satellite communication or pollution detectors. his is a material innovation that s the first part
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