they developed this tool--the single-molecule picometer-resolution nanopore tweezers, or SPRNT--while working on a related project.
The UW team has been exploring nanopore technology to read DNA sequences quickly. Our genes are long stretches of DNA molecules,
Gundlach and his team, in the process of investigating nanopore sequencing, tried out a variety of molecular motors to move DNA through the pore.
Gundlach and his team show that SPRNT is sensitive enough to differentiate between the mechanisms that two cellular proteins use to pass DNA through the nanopore opening.
#Carbon nanotubes Applied to Create Electrical conductivity in Woolen Fabrics The fabrics can be used in various industries,
Researchers have tried in this research to synthesize fabrics with new properties by using simple and modified carbon nanotubes.
the application of nanotubes and modification of the sample surfaces lead to the production of conductive fabrics with different electrical properties.
Carbon nanotubes have been added to woolen fabrics that are insulators by themselves. Therefore, the product can be presented to the market as a relatively conductive material.
"made of nanolayers of ferromagnetic material, superconductor and other metals. By changing the direction of magnetization it is possible to control the current in superconductor.
#Production of Injectable Nanocomposite Paste in Iran Abstract: Iranian researchers from Materials and Energy Research center (MERC) succeeded in the production of a type of biocompatible nanocomposite with the ability to carry drugs,
which can be injected into damaged bones. After the completion of tests and being mass-produced, the product can be used in orthopedic surgeries to recover
Nanostructures that are able to compete with the electronic structures--for example, plasmonic nanoparticles--are characterized by low efficiency and significant losses.
The interaction becomes possible due to the magnetic resonance of the silicon nanostructures. If the pulses arrive at the nanostructure simultaneously,
one of them interacts with the other and dampers it due to the effect of two-photon absorption.
and the second pulse goes through the nanostructure without changing.""We were able to develop a structure with the undesirable free-carrier effects are suppressed,
Now scientists report in the journal ACS Nano("Hierarchical Porous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanosheets Derived from Silk for Ultrahigh-Capacity Battery Anodes and Supercapacitors")the development of a new,
The researchers found a way to process natural silk to create carbon-based nanosheets that could potentially be used in energy storage devices.
The dynamic and bioactive nanocomposite gels we have developed show strong promise in bone tissue engineering applications,
The researchers created a novel TNG fabric out of a silvery textile coated with nanorods and a silicon-based organic material.
Nanocomposite Technology, Interface Materials, and Bio Interfaces s
#Squeeze to remove heat: Elastocaloric materials enable more efficient, 'green'cooling Move over, vapor compression cooling technology.
Growth of Si2te3 Nanoribbons and Nanoplates"),the researchers describe methods for making nanoribbons and nanoplates from a compound called silicon telluride.
the researchers made nanoribbons that are about 50 to 1, 000 nanometers in width and about 10 microns long.
"We have known that these plasmonic nanostructures have the ability to attract and trap light in a small volume,
"The use of the nanostructures--as opposed to using a continuous film to cover the Mos2--allows the material to retain its flexible nature and natural mechanical properties.
Water is replaced by nanotubes It has been known for decades that plants have the extraordinary ability to register extremely fine temperature differences
These electrically conductive carbon nanotubes formed a network between the tobacco cells and were also able to penetrate the cell walls.
When Di Giacomo dried the nanotube-cultivated cells, he discovered a woody, firm material that he calls'cyberwood'.
'In contrast to wood, this material is electrically conductive thanks to the nanotubes, and interestingly the conductivity is temperature-dependent and extremely sensitive,
#Thermal properties of nanowires-Follow the heat A mathematical model of heat flow through miniature wires could help develop thermoelectric devices that efficiently convert heat even their own waste heat into electricity.
Phonons typically move in straight lines in nanowires threads barely a few atoms wide. Previous calculations suggested that if parts of a nanowire contained random arrangements of two different types of atoms,
phonons would be stopped in their tracks. In actual alloy nanowires though, atoms of the same element might cluster together to form short sections composed of the same elements.
Now, Zhun-Yong Ong and Gang Zhang of the A*STAR Institute Of high Performance Computing in Singapore have calculated the effects of such short-range order on the behavior of phonons("Enhancement and reduction of one-dimensional
"Their results suggest that heat conduction in a nanowire does not just depend on the relative concentrations of the alloy atoms and the difference in their masses;
Their model simulated an 88-micrometer-long nanowire containing 160,000 atoms of two different elements.
when the nanowire was ordered more containing clusters of the same elements low-frequency phonons struggled to Move in contrast,
The researchers used their model to study the thermal resistance of a nanowire containing an equal mix of silicon and germanium atoms.
-and high-frequency phonons to heat conduction could also help researchers tune the thermal properties of nanowires in the laboratory.
For instance, the surface roughening of nanowires is known to reduce the thermal conductivity contribution of high-frequency phonons
In 2014, researchers in South korea at IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics along with Samsung Advanced Institute of technology, the Department of Nano Applied Engineering at Kangwon National University, the Department of energy Science
#Multimetal nanoframes improve catalyst performance (Nanowerk News) A team of researchers has synthesized a highly active and durable class of electrocatalysts by exploiting the structural evolution of solid Pt-Ni bimetallic nanocrystals into porous
cage-like structures or nanoframes("Highly Crystalline Multimetallic Nanoframes with Three-dimensional Electrocatalytic Surfaces"."This novel material significantly enhanced catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction--the splitting of an O2 molecule into two oxygen ions--that is critical to fuel cells and potentially other electrochemical applications.
The open structure of the nanoframes addresses some of the major design criteria for advanced nanoscale electrocatalysts, namely, high surface-to-volume ratio, three-dimensional surface accessibility to reactants,
and the University of Wisconsin synthesized a highly active and durable class of electrocatalysts by exploiting the structural evolution of solid Pt-Ni bimetallic nanocrystals into porous cage-like structures or nanoframes.
and at mild temperatures into Pt3ni nanoframes with surfaces that have three-dimensional molecular accessibility. The Pt-rich edges of the starting Ptni3 nanoparticles are maintained in the final Pt3ni nanoframes.
Both the interior and exterior surfaces of this open framework structure are composed of a Pt-rich skin structure that exhibits enhanced oxygen reduction reaction activity.
The Pt3ni nanoframe catalysts achieved a more than 36-fold and 22-fold enhancement in two different measures of catalytic activity (mass and specific activities, respectively) for the oxygen reduction reaction in comparison
The HER activity for highly crystalline Pt3nit-skin nanoframe surface was enhanced by almost one order of magnitude relative to Pt/C. Utilizing the spontaneous structural evolution of a bimetallic nanoparticle from solid polyhedra to hollow nanoframes with controlled size, structure,
the scientists blasted them with gold nanorods similar to what is used in some cancer treatments and watched the process in cell cultures using in situ transmission electron microscopy.
Nagoya University and the JST-ERATO Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project have developed a bulky iridium catalyst that selectively directs a boron moiety to the opposite side of mono-substituted benzene derivatives.
superoleophobic coatings prepared by layer-by-layer technique for anti-smudge and oil-water separation"and"Nanomechanical behavior of Mos2 and WS2 multi-walled nanotubes and Carbon nanohorns").
The shape of the nanostructures plays a role, as well. In another project, research assistant Dave Maharaj is investigating
what happens when a surface is made of nanotubes. Rather than silica, he experiments with molybdenum disulfide nanotubes,
which mix well with oil. The nanotubes are approximately a thousand times smaller than a human hair.
Maharaj measured the friction on the surface of the nanotubes and compressed them to test how they would hold up under pressure."
"There are natural defects in the structure of the nanotubes, "he said.""And under high loads, the defects cause the layers of the tubes to peel apart
and create a slippery surface, which greatly reduces friction.""Bhushan envisions that the molybdenum compound's compatibility with oil,
Here, he suspects that the molybdenum nanotubes alone could be used to reduce friction. This work began more than 10 years ago,
#Carbon nanotube sensor detects spoiled meat MIT chemists have devised an inexpensive, portable sensor that can detect gases emitted by rotting meat,
which consists of chemically modified carbon nanotubes, could be deployed in"smart packaging"that would offer much more accurate safety information than the expiration date on the package,
This MIT device, based on modified carbon nanotubes, can detect amines produced by decaying meat. It could also cut down on food waste
who is the senior author of a paper describing the new sensor this week in the journal Angewandte Chemie("Single-Walled carbon nanotube/Metalloporphyrin Composites for the Chemiresistive Detection of Amines and Meat Spoilage").
The sensor is similar to other carbon nanotube devices that Swager's lab has developed in recent years,
Carbon nanotubes can be modified chemically so that their ability to carry an electric current changes in the presence of a particular gas.
In this case, the researchers modified the carbon nanotubes with metal-containing compounds called metalloporphyrins, which contain a central metal atom bound to several nitrogen-containing rings.
it increases the electrical resistance of the carbon nanotube, which can be measured easily.""We use these porphyrins to fabricate a very simple device where we apply a potential across the device
and could be incorporated into a wireless platform Swager's lab recently developed that allows a regular smartphone to read output from carbon nanotube sensors such as this one.
They advance significantly our ability to make new nanostructures with controlled shapes. In principle, scientists could use this method to induce folding in any nanoparticle membrane that has an asymmetrical distribution of surface molecules.
#Combining graphene and nanotubes to make digital switches Graphene has been called a wonder material, capable of performing great and unusual material acrobatics.
Boron nitride nanotubes are no slackers in the materials realm either, and can be engineered for physical and biological applications.
or stopping themhile boron nitride nanotubes are so insulating that electrons are rebuffed like an overeager dog hitting the patio door.
Yoke Khin Yap, a professor of physics at Michigan Technological University, has worked with a research team that created these digital switches by combining graphene and boron nitride nanotubes.
The journal Scientific Reports recently published their work("Switching Behaviors of Graphene-Boron nitride nanotube Heterojunctions"."he question is:
the nanotubes are made like straws of boron and nitrogen. Yap and his team exfoliate graphene
Then they can grow the nanotubes up and through the pinholes. Meshed together like this, the material looks like a flake of bark sprouting erratic,
and the atomic structure in the nanotubes halts electric currents. This disparity creates a barrier, caused by the difference in electron movement as currents move next to and past the hairlike boron nitride nanotubes.
These points of contact between the materialsalled heterojunctionsre what make the digital on/off switch possible. magine the electrons are like cars driving across a smooth track,
the use of graphene and nanotubes bypasses those problems. In addition, the graphene and boron nitride nanotubes have the same atomic arrangement pattern,
or lattice matching. With their aligned atoms, the graphene-nanotube digital switches could avoid the issues of electron scattering. ou want to control the direction of the electrons,
Yap explains, comparing the challenge to a pinball machine that traps, slows down and redirects electrons. his is difficult in high speed environments,
The team managed to synthesize a thin film made of densely packed aluminum oxide nanorods blended with molecules of a thrombolytic enzyme (urokinase-type plasminogen activator).
This life saving treatment could be administered by paramedics in emergency situations without the need for specialised equipment as is currently the case. ee created a nanocapsule that contains a clot-busting drug.
The drug-loaded nanocapsule is coated with an antibody that specifically targets activated platelets, the cells that form blood clots,
thrombin (a molecule at the centre of the clotting process) breaks open the outer layer of the nanocapsule,
Last year a multi-discipline research team led by South korea Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics at Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) director Young Hee
Third, the flow of current draws oxygen ions from the tantalum oxide nanopores and stabilizes them.
and a way to control the size of the nanopores s
#Bioengineers identify the key genes and functions for sustaining microbial life (Nanowerk News) A new study led by bioengineers at the University of California,
A nanorod is switched between two states bright (high signal) and dark (low signal) by an external electrical pulse (red trace).
Manipulation using electrical and optical signals The UZH researchers have developed a method that makes it possible to create nanostructures
but rather of silicon nanopillars that are arranged precisely into a honeycomb pattern to create a"metasurface"that can control the paths and properties of passing light waves.
"Scanning electron microscope of a metasurface showing silicon nanopillars on a glass substrate. Tilted view is shown on the right and top view on the left.
#Pillared graphene gains strength Rice university researchers discovered that putting nanotube pillars between sheets of graphene could create hybrid structures with a unique balance of strength, toughness and ductility throughout all three dimensions.
Carbon nanomaterials are common now as flat sheets, nanotubes and spheres, and theye being eyed for use as building blocks in hybrid structures with unique properties for electronics,
particularly between carbon nanotubes and graphene, would affect the final hybrid properties in all directions. They found that introducing junctions would add extra flexibility
"Carbon nanotubes are rolled-up arrays of perfect hexagons of atoms; graphene is a rolled out sheet of the same.
the way the atoms are arranged can influence all those properties. ome labs are actively trying to make these materials or measure properties like the strength of single nanotubes and graphene sheets,
and quantitatively predict the properties of hybrid versions of graphene and nanotubes. These hybrid structures impart new properties
and functionality that are absent in their parent structures graphene and nanotubes. To that end the lab assembled three-dimensional computer models of illared graphene nanostructures, akin to the boron nitride structures modeled in a previous study to analyze heat transfer between layers. his time we were interested in a comprehensive understanding of the elastic and inelastic properties
of 3-D carbon materials to test their mechanical strength and deformation mechanisms, Shahsavari said. e compared our 3-D hybrid structures with the properties of 2-D stacked graphene sheets and 1-D carbon nanotubes.
Layered sheets of graphene keep their properties in-plane, but exhibit little stiffness or thermal conductance from sheet to sheet,
The latter allows pillared graphene to exhibit remarkable toughness along out-of-plane directions, a feature that is not possible in 2-D stacked graphene sheets or 1-D carbon nanotubes,
Turning the nanotubes in a way that forced wrinkles in the graphene sheets added further flexibility and shear compliance,
#Nanocapsule able to protect nutrients in beverages and food supplements Researchers at the National University of Mexico (UNAM) developed a nanostructured system capable of protecting the active compounds of juices and nutritional supplements from high temperatures during the pasteurization process,
so we designed nanocapsules measuring less than 500 nanometers, and made a gum-like model that has a liquid center.
These nanocapsules would be added to the commercial drink. The consumption of the system designed in the Laboratory of Transformation
In addition to improving retention of betacarotene in thermal processes, the use of nanocapsules can be applied to other antioxidants in processes such as sterilization or UHT.
director of Berkeley Lab's Materials sciences Division and a world authority on metamaterials-artificial nanostructures engineered with electromagnetic properties not found in nature."
and biocompatible metal electrodes"),pairs gold nanomesh with a stretchable substrate made with polydimethylsiloxane, or PDMS.
The substrate is stretched before the gold nanomesh is placed on it-a process known as"prestretching "-and the material showed no sign of fatigue
The gold nanomesh also proved conducive to cell growth, indicating it is a good material for implantable medical devices.
"We weaken the constraint of the substrate by making the interface between the Au (gold) nanomesh and PDMS slippery,
and expect the Au nanomesh to achieve superstretchability and high fatigue resistance, "they wrote in the paper."
"the Au nanomesh does not exhibit strain fatigue when it is stretched to 50 percent for 10,000 cycles."
that, along with the fact that the stretchability of gold nanomesh on a slippery substrate resembles the bioenvironment of tissue
or organ surfaces, suggest the nanomesh"might be implanted in the body as a pacemaker electrode,
using gold nanomesh, in a paper published in Nature Communications in January 2014. This work expands on that,
As they report Sept. 28 in Nature Biotechnology("Subangstrom single-molecule measurements of motor proteins using a nanopore),
they developed this tool the single-molecule picometer-resolution nanopore tweezers, or SPRNT while working on a related project.
The UW team has been exploring nanopore technology to read DNA sequences quickly. Our genes are long stretches of DNA molecules,
Gundlach and his team, in the process of investigating nanopore sequencing, tried out a variety of molecular motors to move DNA through the pore.
Gundlach and his team show that SPRNT is sensitive enough to differentiate between the mechanisms that two cellular proteins use to pass DNA through the nanopore opening.
--and successfully demonstrated that light can drive a current using a silver nanowire.""Our devices are a step towards miniaturization below the diffraction limit,
The device expands on previous work demonstrating that light could be transmitted along a silver nanowire as a plasmon
To do this, the group transferred a silver nanowire coated at one end with Mos2 onto a silicon substrate
which are slightly smaller than the ions that flow through them. hen nanopores get smaller than the hydrated size of the ion,
#Newly discovered'design rule'brings nature-inspired nanostructures one step closer (w/video) Scientists aspire to build nanostructures that mimic the complexity and function of nature proteins,
and reported Oct 7 in the advance online publication of the journal Nature("Peptoid nanosheets exhibit a new secondary-structure motif"),
This atomic-resolution simulation of a two-dimensional peptoid nanosheet reveals a snake-like structure never seen before.
The nanosheet layers include a water-repelling core (yellow), peptoid backbones (white), and charged sidechains (magenta and cyan).
The right corner of the top layer of the nanosheet has been emovedto show how the backbone alternating rotational states give the backbones a snake-like appearance (red and blue ribbons.
The material is a peptoid nanosheet. It a flat structure only two molecules thick, and it composed of peptoids,
which polymers adjoin to form the backbones that run the length of nanosheets. Surprisingly, these molecules link together in a counter-rotating pattern not seen in nature.
a trait that makes peptoid nanosheets larger and flatter than any biological structure. The Berkeley Lab scientists say this never-before-seen design rule could be used to piece together complex nanosheet structures and other peptoid assemblies such as nanotubes and crystalline solids.
What more, they discovered it by combining computer simulations with x-ray scattering and imaging methods to determine, for the first time,
the atomic-resolution structure of peptoid nanosheets. his research suggests new ways to design biomimetic structures,
and Ron Zuckermann, who directs the Molecular Foundry Biological Nanostructures Facility. They used the high-performance computing resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC),
another DOE Office of Science user facility located at Berkeley Lab. Peptoid nanosheets were discovered by Zuckermann group five years ago.
The research revealed several new things about peptoid nanosheets. Their molecular makeup varies throughout their structure,
This rule doesn apply to peptoid nanosheets. Along their backbones, adjacent monomer units rotate in opposite directions.
and extended into large sheets that are flatter than anything nature can produce. t was a big surprise to find the design rule that makes peptoid nanosheets possible has eluded the field of biology until now,
which could lead to even more biomimetic nanostructures. n
#Analyzing protein structures in their native environment Proteins can fold in different ways depending on their environment.
next-generation health monitoring devices such as electronic stick-on tattoos (see for instance"wearing single-walled carbon nanotube electronics on your skin",a"temporary tattoo to monitor glucose levels"or"graphene nanosensor tattoo
"Some researchers have wanted to make transistors out of carbon nanotubes but the problem is that they grow in all sorts of directions,
it naturally forms nanoribbons with these very smooth, armchair edges,"said Michael Arnold, an associate professor of materials science and engineering at UW-Madison."
"What's even more interesting is that these nanoribbons can be made to grow in certain directions on one side of the germanium crystal,
Black silicon consists of clusters of microscopic vertical pillars, or nanowires. Incoming light bouncing between individual silicon nanowires cannot escape the complex structure,
making the material darker than dark. Rather than laying down layers of black silicon on top of a clear backdrop,
and etched silicon nanowires in the areas between aluminum rings. Then they seeped a polymer between the silicon nanowire pillars.
After the plastic support solidified they etched away the silicon backing, leaving bull's-eye patterned black silicon embedded in supple plastic.
"Silicon nanowire towers make up dark regions of the flexible Fresnel zone lenses. Each individual lens resembles a bull-eye of alternating light and dark.
Black silicon consists of clusters of microscopic vertical pillars, or nanowires. Incoming light bouncing between individual silicon nanowires cannot escape the complex structure,
making the material darker than dark. Bringing Bucky into focus, curved arrays of individual lenses allow small-scale sensors to perceive a broader picture.
and etched silicon nanowires in the areas between aluminum rings. Then they seeped a polymer between the silicon nanowire pillars.
After the plastic support solidified, they etched away the silicon backing, leaving bull's-eye patterned black silicon embedded in supple plastic.
#Novel'crumpling'of hybrid nanostructures increases SERS sensitivity By"crumpling"to increase the surface area of graphene-gold nanostructures,
an assistant professor of mechanical science and engineering at Illinois."This mechanical self-assembly strategy will enable a new class of 3d crumpled graphene-gold (Au) nanostructures.
a graduate student and first author of the study published in Nano Letters("Mechanically Self-Assembled, Three-dimensional Grapheneold Hybrid Nanostructures for Advanced Nanoplasmonic Sensors").
"According to Nam, the 3d crumpled graphene-Au nanostructure exhibits at least one order of magnitude higher SERS detection sensitivity than that of conventional, flat graphene-Au nanoparticles.
Meanwhile, researchers are working to enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries using materials like carbon nanotubes,
and bound them in carbon nanotubes. When the molecules are present, the carbon nanotubes light up. In tests, the researchers found that their device could detect GSM and MIB concentrations as low as 10 nanograms per liter of water,
or 10,000 parts per trillion. That's not quite as sensitive as the human nose, which can detect GSM at just 5 parts per trillion,
"Some researchers have wanted to make transistors out of carbon nanotubes, but the problem is that they grow in all sorts of directions,
it naturally forms nanoribbons with these very smooth, armchair edges,"said Michael Arnold, an associate professor of materials science and engineering at UW-Madison."
"What's even more interesting is that these nanoribbons can be made to grow in certain directions on one side of the germanium crystal,
#Snake venom helps hydrogels stop the bleeding A nanofiber hydrogel infused with snake venom may be the best material to stop bleeding quickly, according to Rice Univ. scientists.
The Rice researchers combined batroxobin with their synthetic, self-assembling nanofibers, which can be loaded into a syringe
and therefore decreasing the interaction, between individual layers of Mos2 nanosheets. This exposes a larger fraction of reactive sites along the edges of these surfaces where hydrogen can be produced.
the team scattered billions of carbon nanotubes through the waffled plastic. Putting pressure on the plastic squeezes the nanotubes closer together
and enables them to conduct electricity. This allowed the plastic sensor to mimic human skin,
Increasing pressure on the waffled nanotubes squeezes them even closer together, allowing more electricity to flow through the sensor,
Thus, on the sensors, the team used carbon nanotubes molded into pyramidal microstructures, which are particularly effective at tunneling the signals from the electric field of nearby objects to the receiving electrode in a way that maximizes sensitivity.
Instead, the new nanocapsule device only releases the medication in areas where a clot is growing exponentially
"The drug-loaded nanocapsule is coated with an antibody that specifically targets activated platelets, the cells that form blood clots,
thrombin-a molecule at the centre of the clotting process-breaks open the outer layer of the nanocapsule,
In 2014, researchers in South korea at IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics along with Samsung Advanced Institute of technology, the Department of Nano Applied Engineering at Kangwon National University, the Department of energy Science
#Future electronics based on carbon nanotubes First of all they are tiny--on the atomic scale and perhaps near the physical limit of how small you can shrink a single electronic switch.
But a big barrier to building useful electronics with carbon nanotubes has always been the fact that
"Now Rogers and a team of researchers have shown how to strip out the metallic carbon nanotubes from arrays using a relatively simple,
aligned arrays of carbon nanotubes packed with good densities on thin films has largely been solved by several different groups of scientists in recent years,
they were able to deposit a thin coating of organic material directly on top of a sheet of arrayed nanotubes in contact with a sheet of metal.
which allowed the current to flow through the nanotubes that were metal conductors--but not the bulk of the tubes,
The current heated up the metal nanotubes a tiny amount--just enough to create a"thermal capillary flow"that opened up a trench in the organic topcoat above them.
This left an electronic wafer coated with semiconducting nanotubes free of metallic contaminants, Rogers said. They tested it by building arrays of transistors
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