Hippocampus

Amygdala (28)
Hippocampus (80)

Synopsis: Neuroscience: Nervous system: Limbic system: Hippocampus:

He found that some activity during the disease compensated for cell death at the hippocampus,

Because the area of the brain involved is the hippocampus which is located at the bottom of the brain they could develop a robotic device that pokes through the cheek

and the hippocampus reproduces this pattern of activity during retrieval allowing you to re-experience the eventsays Brian Wiltgen of the University of California Davis

. If the hippocampus is damaged patients can lose decades of memories. Normally mice placed in a new environment will nose around

which nerve cells in the cortex and hippocampus were activated in learning and memory retrieval and switch them off with light directed through a fiber-optic cable.

By switching off the specific nerve cells in the hippocampus they showed that the mice lost their memories of the unpleasant event.

They followed fibers from the hippocampus to specific cells in the cortex and showed that turning off other cells in the hippocampus did not affect retrieval of that memory. he cortex can t do it alone it needs input from the hippocampuswiltgen says. his has been a fundamental assumption in our field for a long time

and the data provides the first direct evidence that it is true. hey could also see how the specific cells in the cortex were connected to the amygdala a structure in the brain that is involved in emotion

#Researchers discover gene that stimulates growth of new brain cells in adults City of Hope researchers have found that over-expressing a specific gene could prompt growth in adults of new neurons in the hippocampus,

however, scientists have found evidence of neurogenesis in later adulthood occurring mostly in the hippocampus,

Consistent with increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus the TLX transgenic mice exhibited enhanced cognition with increased learning and memory.

for the first time we show that a variety of physiological neuronal activities generate p25 in the hippocampus,

Synaptic protein synthesis was disrupted indeed in the hippocampus, a part of the brain important for memory formation.

The findings described in the Aug 27 issue of Nature demonstrated that a neuronal circuit connecting the hippocampus

A memory s context including information about the location where the event took place is stored in cells of the hippocampus

To achieve this they label hippocampal cells that are turned on during memory formation with a light-sensitive protein called channelrhodopsin.

In this first set of experiments the researchers labeled memory cells in a part of the hippocampus called the dentate gyrus.

and had avoided the side of the chamber where their hippocampal cells were activated by the laser now began to spend more time in that side

when their hippocampal cells were activated showing that a pleasant association had replaced the fearful one. This reversal also took place in mice that went from reward to fear conditioning.

but that connection can be weakened later on as new connections are formed between the hippocampus and amygdala cells that encode positive associations.

That plasticity of the connection between the hippocampus and the amygdala plays a crucial role in the switching of the valence of the memory Tonegawa says.

The researchers found that mice lacking the brain protein calcineurin have hyperactive brainwave oscillations in the hippocampus

and colleagues at the RIKEN-MIT Center for Neural Circuit Genetics at MIT s Picower Institute for Learning and Memory recorded the electrical activity of individual neurons in the hippocampus of these knockout mice

Previous studies have shown that in normal mice place cells in the hippocampus which are linked to specific locations along the track fire in sequence

The researchers speculate that in normal mice the role of calcineurin is to suppress the connections between neurons known as synapses in the hippocampus.

The researchers believe the abnormal hyperactivity they found in the hippocampus may represent a disruption of the brain s default mode network a communication network that connects the hippocampus prefrontal cortex (where most thought

Synaptic protein synthesis was disrupted indeed in the hippocampus, a part of the brain important for memory formation.

The researchers were focused particularly on the role of the hippocampus-a region of the brain in

They therefore need to access the specific memory of the corresponding episode in the hippocampus.'

which is a hub for signals passing between the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex. Tangles appear later in other nearby structures involved with memory and cognition,

they demonstrated that the hippocampus (associated with memory see the rotating picture below) and the nucleus accumbens (associated with pleasure) work together in making critical decisions of this type,

However, following disruption of the circuit connecting the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens, the rats became impatient and unwilling to wait, even for a few seconds.

the hippocampus is thought to have a role in future planning, and the nucleus accumbens is a ewardcenter and a major recipient of dopamine,

involving the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens, to be a therapeutic target in human patient groups. m

it creates a memory in the form of a complex electrical signal that travels through multiple regions of the hippocampus,

With the permission of patients who had implanted electrodes in their hippocampi to treat chronic seizures,

Hampson and Deadwyler read the electrical signals created during memory formation at two regions of the hippocampus,

and read how the signals generated from the first region of the hippocampus were translated into signals generated by the second region of the hippocampus.

"It has also been known for a long time that following transient severe brain injury and prior to an initial spontaneous epileptic seizure, the concentration of free zinc ions increases in the hippocampus.

The hippocampus, located in the temporal lobe, is a central switching station in the brain. MTF1 acts like a switch in the brain The team of Prof.

and then couples with the hippocampus to switch on one-shot learning, as needed. Indeed, a switch is an appropriate metaphor,

Since the hippocampus is known to be involved in so-called episodic memory, in which the brain quickly links a particular context with an event

and the hippocampus was either all or nothing.""Like a light switch, one-shot learning is either on,

However, following disruption of the circuit connecting the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens the rats became impatient and unwilling to wait, even for a few seconds.

the hippocampus is thought to have a role in future planning, and the nucleus accumbens is a"reward"center and a major recipient of dopamine,

involving the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens, to be a therapeutic target in human patient groups

#Missing piece surfaces in the puzzle of autism A study carried out by the Laboratoire Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie (CNRS/Aix-Marseille Université),

"Arrayin the experiment, scientists infused the hippocampus of mice with gaboxadol, a drug that stimulates extra-synaptic GABA receptors."

Key to this process is a signal that travels from one part of the hippocampus called CA3 to another

because the hippocampus is so complex and receives inputs from many connections in the brain,

But there is no such obvious organization in the hippocampus, so it is unclear why stimulating certain locations leads to predictable results.

which houses the hippocampus, improves memory that is functioning poorly. But when memory is functioning well,

The area of the brain responsible for generating new brain cells is known as the hippocampus which is involved also in memory forming,

new brain cells are formed in the hippocampus although it had not been stimulated directly. The research was conducted using middle-aged rats, where electrodes

and Professor David Holtzman at Washington University chronically increased the activity of a neuronal pathway projecting to the hippocampus,

and found that amyloid ß deposition increased in the hippocampus. This study was made possible by the use of a cutting-edge experimental technology termed optogenetics that enables the control of neuronal activity using light.

Cellular analysis of the cerebellum, amygdala and hippocampus three brain regions known to be altered in autism was vaccinated similar in

increases in the hippocampus. But science has been puzzled about the significance of this phenomenon, says Prof.

The hippocampus, located in the temporal lobe, is a central switching station in the brain. MTF1 acts like a switch in the brain The team of Prof.

Because new neurons throughout the brain share many features it seems likely that neurogenesis in other regions such as the hippocampus

MGST3 that regulates the size of the hippocampus in both mouse and human, which is linked to a group of neurodegenerative diseases.

"There is already the'reserve hypothesis'that a person with a bigger hippocampus will have more of it to lose before the symptoms of Alzheimer's are spotted.

By using ENIGMA to look at hippocampus size in humans and the corresponding genes and then matching those with genes in mice from the BXD system held in the Mouse Brain Library database we could identify this specific gene that influences neurological diseases."

This holds especially true for the cells of the hippocampus. It is one of the oldest brain regions

and its form resembles a see horse (hippocampus in Latin). The hippocampus enables us to navigate space securely

and to form personal memories. So far the anatomic knowledge of the networks inside the hippocampus and its connection to the rest of the brain has left scientists guessing which information arrived where and when.

Signals spread through the brainaccordingly Dr Martin Pyka and his colleagues from the Mercator Research Group have developed a method

They have for example found evidence that the hippocampus'form and size could explain why neurons in those networks fire in certain frequencies.

Information become memoriesin future this method may help us understand how animals for example combine various information to form memories within the hippocampus

Half the $1. 1 million prize was awarded to John O Keefe who discovered cells in the hippocampus of rats that fired off in reaction to specific places the animals were in.

They claimed GSH estimation in Hippocampi, a region of the brain, yielded 100%specificity and sensitivity for distinguishing Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls."

Lancaster and her team could identify regions in the organoids that roughly looked like a hippocampus, forebrain and even retina.

At the meeting, he showed an image of a half-millimetre slab of the mouse brain's hippocampus

and memory had much leakier blood vessels in the hippocampus.""This is exactly the area of the brain that is involved with learning

also found that blood vessels in the hippocampus tend to become leakier in all people as they age.

The researchers paid special attention to the hippocampus because it is one of the first brain areas affected by Alzheimer's.

And they found that in some regions of the hippocampus, the permeability of the blood-brain barrier was more than 50 percent higher in people with mild cognitive impairment.

#Novel compound switches off epilepsy development In temporal lobe epilepsy seizures arise in the hippocampus and other structures of the limbic system located in the temporal lobe when a cascade of molecular and cellular events results in aberrant brain wiring.

Indeed, they observed that connectivity was enhanced between memory engram cells in the fear memory-holding amygdala and context memory-holding hippocampus of amnestic mice,

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