#Translational Grant for Interaction Study of Laser radiation with Circulating Tumor Cells and Melanin Nanoparticles University of Arkansas for Medical sciences (UAMS) researcher Vladimir Zharov, Ph d.,D. Sc.
and superficial veins and can heat the natural melanin nanoparticles in melanoma circulating tumor cells (CTCS).
The thermal expansion of these nanoparticles generates sound that can be detected with an ultrasound transducer attached to the skin.
This can improve the detection of CTCS by 1000-fold. he goal of this translational research grant is for patients to benefit from the knowledge obtained during our study of the interaction of laser radiation with circulating tumor cells and nanoparticles
Zharov said. any years ago we discovered that laser-induced high local temperature can evaporate liquid surrounding light-absorbing nanoparticles
Natural melanin nanoparticles will be used as biomarkers to diagnose and as targets for therapy. Because not all melanoma cells highly express melanin
#Platelet-Mimicking Nanoparticles Could Effectively Deliver Drugs to Targeted Sites Nanoparticles disguised as human platelets could greatly enhance the healing power of drug treatments for cardiovascular disease and systemic bacterial infections.
These platelet-mimicking nanoparticles, developed by engineers at the University of California, San diego, are capable of delivering drugs to targeted sites in the body--particularly injured blood vessels,
targeted drug delivery with nanoparticles, "said Liangfang Zhang, a nanoengineering professor at UC San diego and the senior author of the study."
platelet-mimicking nanoparticles can directly provide a much higher dose of medication specifically to diseased areas without saturating the entire body with drugs."
The ins and outs of the platelet copycats On the outside, platelet-mimicking nanoparticles are cloaked with human platelet membranes,
which enable the nanoparticles to circulate throughout the bloodstream without being attacked by the immune system. The platelet membrane coating has another beneficial feature:
and certain pathogens such as MRSA bacteria, allowing the nanoparticles to deliver and release their drug payloads specifically to these sites in the body.
Enclosed within the platelet membranes are made nanoparticle cores of a biodegradable polymer that can be metabolized safely by the body.
The nanoparticles can be packed with many small drug molecules that diffuse out of the polymer core and through the platelet membrane onto their targets.
To make the platelet-membrane-coated nanoparticles, engineers first separated platelets from whole blood samples using a centrifuge.
the platelet membranes were broken up into much smaller pieces and fused to the surface of nanoparticle cores.
The resulting platelet-membrane-coated nanoparticles are approximately 100 nanometers in diameter, which is one thousand times thinner than an average sheet of paper.
This cloaking technology is based on the strategy that Zhang's research group had developed to cloak nanoparticles in red blood cell membranes.
The researchers previously demonstrated that nanoparticles disguised as red blood cells are capable of removing dangerous pore-forming toxins produced by MRSA, poisonous snake bites and bee stings from the bloodstream.
Platelet copycats at work In one part of this study, researchers packed platelet-mimicking nanoparticles with docetaxel,
Researchers observed that the docetaxel-containing nanoparticles selectively collected onto the damaged sites of arteries
platelet-mimicking nanoparticles can also greatly minimize bacterial infections that have entered the bloodstream and spread to various organs in the body.
Researchers injected nanoparticles containing just one-sixth the clinical dose of the antibiotic vancomycin into one of group of mice systemically infected with MRSA bacteria.
"Our platelet-mimicking nanoparticles can increase the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics because they can focus treatment on the bacteria locally without spreading drugs to healthy tissues
"We hope to develop platelet-mimicking nanoparticles into new treatments for systemic bacterial infections and cardiovascular disease
#Coated Silica Nanoparticles Could be used for Restorative Treatment of Sensitive Teeth Researchers at the University of Birmingham have shown how the development of coated silica nanoparticles could be used in restorative treatment of sensitive teeth
#Quantity, Dimensions of Carbon black Nanoparticles Crucial for Lithium-Ion Battery Function A Stanford undergraduate has contributed to a discovery that confounds the conventional wisdom in lithium-ion battery design,
Prior to the team's research, the quantity and dimensions of the carbon black nanoparticles weren't considered particularly crucial to a battery's function."
To this end, the scientists created a multilayer sandwich material with alternating layers of ultrathin phosphatoantimonate nanosheets and silicon dioxide (Sio2) or titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Tio2.
#Researchers Enhance Efficiency of Ultrathin CIGSE Solar cells Using Nanoparticles Now, scientists at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin have produced high quality ultrathin CIGSE layers
and increased their efficiency by an array of tiny nanoparticles between the back contact and the active layer.
Nanoparticles with sizes the order of a wavelength interact with light in specific ways. A young investigator group at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, led by Professor Martina Schmid,
is inquiring how to use arrangements of such nanoparticles to improve solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.
He then started to enquire how to implement nanoparticles between different layers of the solar cell.
They proposed to produce arrays of dielectric nanoparticles by nanoimprinting technologies. No big effect by nanoparticles on topin a first step, the colleagues in Amsterdam implemented a pattern of dielectric Tio2-nanoparticles on top of Yin ultrathin solar cells;
the idea was that they would act as light traps and increase absorption in the CIGSE layer.
a nanoparticle array not on top but at the back contact of the cell! Nanoparticles at the back contact:
effiency increases to 12.3%The colleagues from Amsterdam produced an array of Sio2 nanoparticles, directly on the Molybdenum substrate
which corresponds to the back contact of the solar cell. On top of this structured substrate the ultrathin CIGSE layer was grown by Yin,
With additional anti-reflective nanoparticles at the front efficiencies raised even to 13.1%.%Light trapping and prevention of charge carrier losshis leads to efficient light trapping
Further studies indicate that the nanoarray of dielectric Sio2 nanoparticles at the back side could also increase efficiency by reducing chances for charge carrier recombination. his work is just a start,
thus increasing efficiencies by making use of optical and electrical benefits of the nanoparticles, Martina Schmid says M
#Archaeal Gas Vesicle Nanoparticles Hold Potential to Develop Powerful Malaria Vaccine In a recent breakthrough to combat malaria,
when displayed on novel nanoparticles. This approach has the potential to prevent the parasite from multiplying in the human host
Shiladitya Dassarma's laboratory at the University of Maryland School of medicine, Baltimore, USA, who has developed Archaeal gas vesicle nanoparticles (GVNPS.
The small unique segment of enolase was fused genetically to a nanoparticle protein and this conjugated system was used to vaccinate mice.
Its pages contain nanoparticles of silver or copper, which kill bacteria in the water as it passes through.
or copper ions-depending on the nanoparticles used-as they percolate through the page.""Ions come off the surface of the nanoparticles,
and those are absorbed by the microbes, "Dr Dankovich explained. According to her tests, one page can clean up to 100 litres of water.
Its pages contain nanoparticles of silver or copper, which kill bacteria in the water as it passes through.
or copper ions-depending on the nanoparticles used-as they percolate through the page.""Ions come off the surface of the nanoparticles,
and those are absorbed by the microbes, "Dr Dankovich explained. According to her tests, one page can clean up to 100 litres of water.
#New Nanoparticles Clean the Environment, Drinking water Nanoparticles are between 1 and 100 nanometers in size.
With the help of nanoparticles and UV light removal of these toxins could be less expensive and time-consuming than current methods.
How it works The nanoparticles are prepared from molecules (synthetic macromolecules commonly called plastics) that have a protective,
When this happens on a nanoparticle, its protecting corona is removed and only the hydrophobic core remains.
with more than 95 percent of the nanoparticles removed from the water. When the nanoparticle loses its protective layer,
polymers are released into the water. While the polymer released (polyethylene glycol) is recognized as safe and used in various food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics products,
Bertrand nanoparticles have compared benefits with current purification processes. Some current techniques rely on chemical degradation of pollutants,
the nanoparticles float passively in the fluid until we precipitate them. Current water purification infrastructures have UV irradiation systems optimized to kill bacteria,
this irradiation is more than sufficient to precipitate our nanoparticles, Bertrand explained. Bertrand told Laboutlook that one fundamental observation from this work is that small molecules passively absorb on the surface of the nanoparticle,
and that the amounts absorbed correlate with the surface-to-volume ratio, meaning more absorption occurs on small nanoparticles. his is an important consideration for drug delivery
because it could explain what happens with nanoparticles with high drug encapsulation and extensive burst release.
Harnessing nanoparticles in Africa Theresa Dankovich uses nanotechnology to purify drinking water in Africa. By filtering water through paper embedded with silver or copper nanoparticles,
99.9 percent water purity is achievable. She calls it he Drinkable Book. Silver nanoparticles eliminate a wide variety of microorganisms,
including bacteria and some viruses . While some silver and copper will seep from the nanoparticle-coated paper,
the amount is said minimal, Dankovich, and is well below limits for metals put in place by the Environmental protection agency and World health organization.
to produce a book of this nanoparticle-embedded paper, which is put in a special holding device that water is filtered then through.
Drug delivery and beyond The power of nanoparticles is also being harnessed to fight life-threatening lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis.
Researchers at Johns hopkins university School of medicine, Johns hopkins university Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering and Federal University of Rio de janeiro in Brazil conducted a proof-of-concept study that found DNA-loaded nanoparticles could successfully pass through the hard-to-breach mucus barrier
Other attempts to penetrate the barrier with nanoparticles were unsuccessful because they possessed a positive charge that caused them to be tickyand adhere to the negatively charged mucus covering the airways.
To circumvent this problem the team developed a simple method to densely coat the nanoparticles with a nonsticky polymer called PEG,
or drugs inside a man-made biodegradable nanoparticle rapperthat patients inhale could penetrate the mucus barrier
stopped brain cancer in rats by delivering gene therapy through nanoparticles. The nanoparticles deliver genes for an enzyme that converts a prodrug called ganciclovir into a glioma cell killer.
There is no reliable treatment for glioma which has a 5-year survival rate of 12 percent.
which incorporates nanoparticles into polymers through a technique called electrospinning, was developed by a team from the University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy,
When these nanoparticles are used as the anode in a lithium ion battery, the researchers found it had a storage capacity of 1. 2 ampere-hours per gram.
Efstathios Karathanasis, a biomedical engineer at Case School of engineering, has developed chainlike nanoparticles that can carry drugs across the blood-brain barrier that keeps standard medicines from reaching their target--a highly aggressive brain cancer called
semiconducting and insulating nanoparticles. Currently, printed conductive patterns use a combination of poorly conducting carbon with other materials, most commonly silver
"There are so many atoms inside the nanoparticle that never do anything. But in our process the atoms driving catalysis have no metal atoms next to them.
such as platinum-copper single atom alloy nanoparticles supported on an alumina substrate, and then tested them under industrial pressure and temperatures."
Previously, nanoparticle walkers were only able to walk on precise and programmed one-and two-dimensional paths.
#Accidental nanoparticles could let lithium ion batteries live another day A new study from MIT could keep lithium ion battery technology on the track for another few laps,
Their testing shows that the nanoparticles could allow up to four times the charge retention after a long lifetime of use,
Researchers from MIT were attempting to address this problem with different treatments for aluminum nanoparticles
and that work led them to bathe nanoparticles in a mixture of sulfuric acid and titanium oxysulfate,
This resulted in an unforeseen egg-like nanoparticle design, in which a olkof aluminum is covered in a hellof titanium dioxide.
which involved loading the drug into nanoparticles to improve the speed at which is destroys clots.
#Aluminum"yolk"nanoparticles deliver high-capacity battery recipe Researchers at MIT and Tsinghua University in China have found a way to more than triple the capacity of the anodes,
-and-shell"nanoparticles, is reportedly simple to manufacture and is especially promising for high-power applications.
They have done so by creating nanoparticles with a solid titanium outer shell and an inner aluminum"yolk"that can freely expand
a process that coated the nanoparticles in a hard shell three to four nanometers thick.
This gave the aluminum nanoparticles enough room to collect lithium ions and expand considerably as needed, without damaging the electric contacts of the cell.
Each of its pages is made from a thick sheet of paper impregnated with silver and copper nanoparticles,
"The biodegradable polymer is reinforced with montmorillonite clay nanoparticles (we've seen nanoparticles used in other ways to heal bones) for strength,
or copper nanoparticles that kill bacteria found in contaminated water. Each page could filter 99%of bacteria
#Immune cell binding nanoparticle could lead to new sepsis treatment A nanoparticle that binds to immune cells in the body has been shown to tune down inflammation and offer a potential first-of-a-kind treatment for sepsis.
Researchers sprinkled a plastic nanoparticle with sialic acid ligands that modulated macrophage immune cells. This produced a therapeutic response in mouse models of sepsis, in human lung cells and an ex vivo human lung model.
or seen an effect within hours. rotein targetingthe nanoparticles target Siglecs, proteins found on the surface of immune cells that recognise a type of sugar called sialic acid. hese receptors help the immune system distinguish between self and non-self
molecular biologist James Paulson at the Scripps Research Institute in the US told this publication. he authors exploit Siglec function by attaching sialic acids to nanoparticles that exploit the function of Siglecs and control inflammation,
but do conjugated so only when to a nanoparticle. acrophages try to gobble up the nanoparticles and remove them from circulation,
so we are getting a targeting effect using the nanoparticle that you couldn get with a soluble antibody,
These findings are surprising ince it had not been reported previously that engaging this siglec receptor with nanoparticles displaying the glycan (sugar) ligand would have such profound effects on inflammation,
Another researcher in Saldaña lab is looking at adding nanoparticles on the films. Right now
but with nanoparticles, more could be added and released strategically. Meanwhile, Saldaña says, the overall goal is to achieve complete use of the available biomass.
#Nanoparticles Penetrate Mucus Barrier to Bring Gene therapy to Lung Parenchyma A collaboration between researchers at Johns hopkins university
and Federal University of Rio de janeiro in Brazil has managed to develop nanoparticles capable of carrying DNA molecules through the previously impenetrable mucus barrier of the lungs.
The nanoparticles are biodegradable and don present problems associated with DNA ferrying viruses. Previously developed nanoparticles suffered from a poor ability to pass through mucus due to their charge
and also bunched in groups, further limiting their usefulness. The nanoparticles are made of biodegradable polymers called poly (ß-amino esters)( PBAES)
and in lab tests were able to pass through mucus taken from real patients. To test whether genes delivered this way would actually work inside a real body,
the researchers loaded DNA strings coding for light producing proteins into the nanoparticles and had animals inhale them into their lungs.
the Drinkable Book features pages embedded with silver or copper nanoparticles. In 25 trials at contaminated drinking sites in Ghana and Bangladesh, the paper was effective at removing 99 percent of bacteria."
and drug loaded nanoparticles to unload medication when the skin flexes and contracts. The idea is that this kind of approach can deliver drugs transdermally only when needed.
each filled with drug loaded nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are designed to slowly release a medication into the capsules where they reside.
The capsules themselves are not impermeable, but will let compounds through when enough pressure is applied to them.
The combination of the mechanisms lets the nanoparticles load the capsules with a small amount of a medication and release it into the skin immediately on demand d
potentially offering an easy way to monitor the assembly of nanoparticles, or to study how mass is distributed within a cell.
New research by the Nanoparticles By design Unit at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), in collaboration with the Materials Center Leoben Austria and the Austrian Centre for Electron microscopy and Nanoanalysis has developed an efficient
The researchers used a copper oxide nanowire decorated with palladium nanoparticles to detect carbon monoxide a common industrial pollutant.
They found that copper oxide nanowires decorated with palladium nanoparticles show a significantly greater increase in electrical resistance in the presence of carbon monoxide than the same type of nanowires without the nanoparticles.
The OIST Nanoparticles By design Unit used a sophisticated technique that allowed them to first sift nanoparticles according to size,
then deliver and deposit the palladium nanoparticles onto the surface of the nanowires in an evenly distributed manner.
This even dispersion of size selected nanoparticles and the resulting nanoparticles-nanowire interactions are crucial to get an enhanced electrical response.
The OIST nanoparticle deposition system can be tailored to deposit multiple types of nanoparticles at the same time, segregated on distinct areas of the wafer where the nanowire sits.
with each device utilizing a different type of nanoparticle. Compared to other options being explored in gas sensing
However, different nanowire-nanoparticle material configurations are currently being investigated in order to lower the operating temperature of this system."
"I think nanoparticle-decorated nanowires have a huge potential for practical applications as it is possible to incorporate this type of technology into industrial devices,
Mukhles Sowwan at the OIST Nanoparticles By design Unit. Image: Palladium nanoparticles were deposited on the entire wafer in an evenly distributed fashion,
as seen in the background. They also attached on the surface of the copper oxide wire in the same evenly distributed manner,
On the upper right is a top view of a single palladium nanoparticle photographed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM)
The nanoparticle is made up of columns consisting of palladium atoms stacked on top of each other. This image has been modified from the original to provide a better visualization.
New research by the Nanoparticles By design Unit at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), in collaboration with the Materials Center Leoben Austria and the Austrian Centre for Electron microscopy and Nanoanalysis has developed an efficient
The researchers used a copper oxide nanowire decorated with palladium nanoparticles to detect carbon monoxide a common industrial pollutant.
They found that copper oxide nanowires decorated with palladium nanoparticles show a significantly greater increase in electrical resistance in the presence of carbon monoxide than the same type of nanowires without the nanoparticles.
The OIST Nanoparticles By design Unit used a sophisticated technique that allowed them to first sift nanoparticles according to size,
then deliver and deposit the palladium nanoparticles onto the surface of the nanowires in an evenly distributed manner.
This even dispersion of size selected nanoparticles and the resulting nanoparticles-nanowire interactions are crucial to get an enhanced electrical response.
The OIST nanoparticle deposition system can be tailored to deposit multiple types of nanoparticles at the same time, segregated on distinct areas of the wafer where the nanowire sits.
with each device utilizing a different type of nanoparticle. Compared to other options being explored in gas sensing
However, different nanowire-nanoparticle material configurations are currently being investigated in order to lower the operating temperature of this system."
"I think nanoparticle-decorated nanowires have a huge potential for practical applications as it is possible to incorporate this type of technology into industrial devices,
Mukhles Sowwan at the OIST Nanoparticles By design Unit n
#Flicking the switch on spin-driven devices Compressing magnetically and electrically active crystals in one direction unlocks exotic spintronic switching activityby breaking the symmetry of ultiferroiccrystals using a special compression cell,
creating an electrode made of nanoparticles with a solid shell, and a olkinside that can change size again and again without affecting the shell.
The use of nanoparticles with an aluminum yolk and a titanium dioxide shell has proven to be he high-rate champion among high-capacity anodes
That where the idea of using confined aluminum in the form of a yolk-shell nanoparticle came in.
#New protein nanoparticles allow scientists to track cells and interactions within them Engineers have designed magnetic protein nanoparticles that can be used to track cells
or to monitor interactions within cells. The particles, described today in Nature Communications, are enhanced an version of a naturally occurring, weakly magnetic protein called ferritin. erritin,
which is as close as biology has given us to a naturally magnetic protein nanoparticle, is really not that magnetic.
The new ypermagneticprotein nanoparticles can be produced within cells allowing the cells to be imaged or sorted using magnetic techniques.
prompting them to start producing the protein on their own. ather than actually making a nanoparticle in the lab
resulting in micrometer-per-second nanoparticle transport by harnessing a single plasmonic nanoantenna, which until now has been thought to be said impossible
and contains a small amount of platinum in the form of nanoparticles. This new composite presents some special talents.
The produced aerosol is directed over the heated substrate using a stream of nitrogen gas resulting into a polycrystalline thin film grown on the chalcopyrite substrate over time with embedded nanoparticles of platinum.
#Sandcastles inspire new nanoparticle binding technique"Nanocapillary-mediated magnetic assembly of nanoparticles into ultraflexible filaments and reconfigurable networks"Abstract:
These filaments can be regenerated magnetically on mechanical damage, owing to the fluidity of the capillary bridges between nanoparticles and their reversible binding on contact.
Sandcastles inspire new nanoparticle binding technique If you want to form very flexible chains of nanoparticles in liquid
in order to build tiny robots with flexible joints or make magnetically self-healing gels, you need to revert to childhood
"We then add a magnetic field to arrange the nanoparticle chains and provide directionality, "said Bhuvnesh Bharti,
and makes the bridges fragile, leading to breaking and fragmentation of the nanoparticle chains. Yet the broken nanoparticles chains will reform
if the temperature is raised, the oil liquefies and an external magnetic field is applied to the particles."
Researchers will be able to study samples ranging from engineered nanoparticles and nanostructures to naturally occurring biological polymers, tissues and plant cells.
#Targeted drug delivery with these nanoparticles can make medicines more effective: Nanoparticles wrapped inside human platelet membranes serve as new vehicles for targeted drug delivery The research,
led by nanoengineers at the UC San diego Jacobs School of engineering, was published online Sept. 16 in Nature.""This work addresses a major challenge in the field of nanomedicine:
targeted drug delivery with nanoparticles, "said Liangfang Zhang, a nanoengineering professor at UC San diego and the senior author of the study."
platelet-mimicking nanoparticles can directly provide a much higher dose of medication specifically to diseased areas without saturating the entire body with drugs."
The ins and outs of the platelet copycats On the outside, platelet-mimicking nanoparticles are cloaked with human platelet membranes,
which enable the nanoparticles to circulate throughout the bloodstream without being attacked by the immune system. The platelet membrane coating has another beneficial feature:
and certain pathogens such as MRSA bacteria, allowing the nanoparticles to deliver and release their drug payloads specifically to these sites in the body.
Enclosed within the platelet membranes are made nanoparticle cores of a biodegradable polymer that can be metabolized safely by the body.
The nanoparticles can be packed with many small drug molecules that diffuse out of the polymer core and through the platelet membrane onto their targets.
To make the platelet-membrane-coated nanoparticles, engineers first separated platelets from whole blood samples using a centrifuge.
the platelet membranes were broken up into much smaller pieces and fused to the surface of nanoparticle cores.
The resulting platelet-membrane-coated nanoparticles are approximately 100 nanometers in diameter, which is one thousand times thinner than an average sheet of paper.
This cloaking technology is based on the strategy that Zhang's research group had developed to cloak nanoparticles in red blood cell membranes.
The researchers previously demonstrated that nanoparticles disguised as red blood cells are capable of removing dangerous pore-forming toxins produced by MRSA, poisonous snake bites and bee stings from the bloodstream.
Platelet copycats at work In one part of this study, researchers packed platelet-mimicking nanoparticles with docetaxel,
Researchers observed that the docetaxel-containing nanoparticles selectively collected onto the damaged sites of arteries
platelet-mimicking nanoparticles can also greatly minimize bacterial infections that have entered the bloodstream and spread to various organs in the body.
Researchers injected nanoparticles containing just one-sixth the clinical dose of the antibiotic vancomycin into one of group of mice systemically infected with MRSA bacteria.
"Our platelet-mimicking nanoparticles can increase the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics because they can focus treatment on the bacteria locally without spreading drugs to healthy tissues
"We hope to develop platelet-mimicking nanoparticles into new treatments for systemic bacterial infections and cardiovascular disease."
The role of nanosensor between body surface and the detector is to strengthen the signal and taking samples through plasmonic effects of nanoparticles.
A nanocomposite coating has been produced in this research by combining hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as the base material and diopside ceramic.
and Zhitomirsky, a materials science and engineering professor, demonstrates an improved three-dimensional energy storage device constructed by trapping functional nanoparticles within the walls of a nanocellulose foam.
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