#Nanoscale DNA Machine Could Detect HIV Diagnostic Antibodies New research may revolutionize the slow, cumbersome and expensive process of detecting the antibodies that can help with the diagnosis of infectious and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and HIV.
An international team of researchers have designed and synthetized a nanometer scale DNA"machine "whose customized modifications enable it to recognize a specific target antibody.
"This DNA nanomachine can be modified in fact custom so that it can detect a huge range of antibodies,
#Freiburg Researchers Measure Sensitive, Nanoscale Structures Using Photonic Force Microscope Freiburg researchers have developed a method for measuring soft,
In the journal Nature Nanotechnology, the Freiburg physicist Prof. Dr. Alexander Rohrbach and his former Phd candidate Dr..Lars Friedrich have presented an ultra-soft surface scanning method based on an optical trap and optical forces.
which is established well in nanotechnology. An AFM uses a small spring arm-a needle with an ultra-thin tip-to scan a surface.
The sphere is less than 200 nanometers in diameter, making it 500 times thinner than a human hair.
SUNY Polytechnic institute Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (SUNY Poly CNSE) today announced a team of SUNY Poly CNSE researchers,
After hearing about SUNY Poly CNSE Professor and Head of the Nanobioscience Constellation Dr. Jim Castracane research related to novel sensors, the Jamboxx creators connected with Dr. Castracane who found that a Self
#Researchers Enhance Efficiency of Ultrathin CIGSE Solar cells Using Nanoparticles Now, scientists at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin have produced high quality ultrathin CIGSE layers
and increased their efficiency by an array of tiny nanoparticles between the back contact and the active layer.
Nanoparticles with sizes the order of a wavelength interact with light in specific ways. A young investigator group at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, led by Professor Martina Schmid,
is inquiring how to use arrangements of such nanoparticles to improve solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.
me more than one year to be able to produce ultrathin layers of only 0. 46 micrometer or 460 nanometers
He then started to enquire how to implement nanoparticles between different layers of the solar cell.
They proposed to produce arrays of dielectric nanoparticles by nanoimprinting technologies. No big effect by nanoparticles on topin a first step, the colleagues in Amsterdam implemented a pattern of dielectric Tio2-nanoparticles on top of Yin ultrathin solar cells;
the idea was that they would act as light traps and increase absorption in the CIGSE layer.
a nanoparticle array not on top but at the back contact of the cell! Nanoparticles at the back contact:
effiency increases to 12.3%The colleagues from Amsterdam produced an array of Sio2 nanoparticles, directly on the Molybdenum substrate
which corresponds to the back contact of the solar cell. On top of this structured substrate the ultrathin CIGSE layer was grown by Yin,
With additional anti-reflective nanoparticles at the front efficiencies raised even to 13.1%.%Light trapping and prevention of charge carrier losshis leads to efficient light trapping
Further studies indicate that the nanoarray of dielectric Sio2 nanoparticles at the back side could also increase efficiency by reducing chances for charge carrier recombination. his work is just a start,
thus increasing efficiencies by making use of optical and electrical benefits of the nanoparticles, Martina Schmid says M
#Archaeal Gas Vesicle Nanoparticles Hold Potential to Develop Powerful Malaria Vaccine In a recent breakthrough to combat malaria,
when displayed on novel nanoparticles. This approach has the potential to prevent the parasite from multiplying in the human host
Shiladitya Dassarma's laboratory at the University of Maryland School of medicine, Baltimore, USA, who has developed Archaeal gas vesicle nanoparticles (GVNPS.
The small unique segment of enolase was fused genetically to a nanoparticle protein and this conjugated system was used to vaccinate mice.
or red when encountering DNA or RNA, respectively, with emission maximums at 525 nanometers and 650 nanometers.
#Graphene Shows Potential for Energy-efficient Data storage Technologies Graphene can be used to produce energy-efficient, high-density memory chips.
Researchers at Stanford used graphene in three different ways to create data storage technology that has the best features of both volatile and nonvolatile silicon chips.
Engineers are presently trying to develop nanomaterial-based memory chips that perform better than their silicon counterparts to be used in low energy data centers and gadgets with a longer battery life.
despite its extremely high conductivity, graphene has been used in few practical electronic devices. Three graphene-centric memory technologies have been described in different articles published in Nature Communications, Applied Physics Letters and Nano Letters journals.
These studies were performed by an international group of collaborators led by Professor H.-S. Philip Wong and Pop.
The researchers used graphene to carrying the small jolts of electricity. Graphene is conductive even at very thin dimensions
which differentiates it from conventional metals. This enables fabrication of smaller RRAM cells that have the capacity to store more data than conventional metal-based conductors.
and Wong used graphene to advance the phase-change memory concept. Phase-change memory involves an alloy of germanium
Pop and Wong state that graphene unique thermal, electrical and atomically thin properties could help create data storage with better energy efficiency,
#Nanofiber Hydrogel Infused with Snake Venom May Quickly Stop Bleeding A nanofiber hydrogel infused with snake venom may be the best material to stop bleeding quickly, according to Rice university scientists.
The Rice researchers combined batroxobin with their synthetic, self-assembling nanofibers, which can be loaded into a syringe
The fibers might be tens of nanometers in diameter and a hundred nanometers long, far smaller than a red blood cell.
Its pages contain nanoparticles of silver or copper, which kill bacteria in the water as it passes through.
or copper ions-depending on the nanoparticles used-as they percolate through the page.""Ions come off the surface of the nanoparticles,
and those are absorbed by the microbes, "Dr Dankovich explained. According to her tests, one page can clean up to 100 litres of water.
Its pages contain nanoparticles of silver or copper, which kill bacteria in the water as it passes through.
or copper ions-depending on the nanoparticles used-as they percolate through the page.""Ions come off the surface of the nanoparticles,
and those are absorbed by the microbes, "Dr Dankovich explained. According to her tests, one page can clean up to 100 litres of water.
#Atomic view of microtubules Microtubules, hollow fibers of tubulin protein only a few nanometers in diameter, form the cytoskeletons of living cells
#Detecting HIV diagnostic antibodies with DNA nanomachines New research may revolutionize the slow, cumbersome and expensive process of detecting the antibodies that can help with the diagnosis of infectious and autoimmune diseases.
An international team of researchers have designed and synthetized a nanometer scale DNA"machine "whose customized modifications enable it to recognize a specific target antibody.
"This DNA nanomachine can be modified in fact custom so that it can detect a huge range of antibodies,
and used a nanoscale vehicle made of DNA to deliver a CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing tool into cells in both cell culture and an animal model.
To examine just how some inhaled anesthetic drugs affect viral and bacterial infections, Krishnan Chakravarthy, M d.,Ph d.,a faculty member at the Johns Hopkins Institute of Nanobiotechnology and a resident physician in the department of anesthesiology and critical
#Lab-on-a-chip Cuts Costs of Sophisticated Lab Tests Engineers at Rutgers University have designed a three-inch long,
#New Nanoparticles Clean the Environment, Drinking water Nanoparticles are between 1 and 100 nanometers in size.
With the help of nanoparticles and UV light removal of these toxins could be less expensive and time-consuming than current methods.
How it works The nanoparticles are prepared from molecules (synthetic macromolecules commonly called plastics) that have a protective,
When this happens on a nanoparticle, its protecting corona is removed and only the hydrophobic core remains.
with more than 95 percent of the nanoparticles removed from the water. When the nanoparticle loses its protective layer,
polymers are released into the water. While the polymer released (polyethylene glycol) is recognized as safe and used in various food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics products,
Bertrand nanoparticles have compared benefits with current purification processes. Some current techniques rely on chemical degradation of pollutants,
the nanoparticles float passively in the fluid until we precipitate them. Current water purification infrastructures have UV irradiation systems optimized to kill bacteria,
this irradiation is more than sufficient to precipitate our nanoparticles, Bertrand explained. Bertrand told Laboutlook that one fundamental observation from this work is that small molecules passively absorb on the surface of the nanoparticle,
and that the amounts absorbed correlate with the surface-to-volume ratio, meaning more absorption occurs on small nanoparticles. his is an important consideration for drug delivery
because it could explain what happens with nanoparticles with high drug encapsulation and extensive burst release.
Harnessing nanoparticles in Africa Theresa Dankovich uses nanotechnology to purify drinking water in Africa. By filtering water through paper embedded with silver or copper nanoparticles,
99.9 percent water purity is achievable. She calls it he Drinkable Book. Silver nanoparticles eliminate a wide variety of microorganisms,
including bacteria and some viruses . While some silver and copper will seep from the nanoparticle-coated paper,
the amount is said minimal, Dankovich, and is well below limits for metals put in place by the Environmental protection agency and World health organization.
Dankovich nonprofit company page Drinking Paper, works together with the nonprofit WATERISLIFE to produce a book of this nanoparticle-embedded paper,
which is put in a special holding device that water is filtered then through. One page can filter 26 gallons of drinking water;
Drug delivery and beyond The power of nanoparticles is also being harnessed to fight life-threatening lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis.
Researchers at Johns hopkins university School of medicine, Johns hopkins university Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering and Federal University of Rio de janeiro in Brazil conducted a proof-of-concept study that found DNA-loaded nanoparticles could successfully pass through the hard-to-breach mucus barrier
Other attempts to penetrate the barrier with nanoparticles were unsuccessful because they possessed a positive charge that caused them to be tickyand adhere to the negatively charged mucus covering the airways.
To circumvent this problem the team developed a simple method to densely coat the nanoparticles with a nonsticky polymer called PEG,
or drugs inside a man-made biodegradable nanoparticle rapperthat patients inhale could penetrate the mucus barrier
a biomedical engineer and faculty member at the Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins. Researchers funded by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering meanwhile,
stopped brain cancer in rats by delivering gene therapy through nanoparticles. The nanoparticles deliver genes for an enzyme that converts a prodrug called ganciclovir into a glioma cell killer.
There is no reliable treatment for glioma which has a 5-year survival rate of 12 percent.
Although their nanoparticle technology is solid, some challenges remain before it can be implemented in an industrial application.
With this knowledge in hand, researchers have opened a new world for designer proteins and investigations into nanotechnology
#Pseudo-platelet Drug Delivery System Targets Cancer Researchers are using patients own platelet membranes to coat drugs and use as nanovehicles for anticancer treatments.
comparted to about six hours for nanoscale vehicles without the coating. his combination of features means that the drugs can
which are placed then in a solution with a nanoscale gel containing the anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox).
and creates nanoscale spheres that consist of platelet membranes with Dox-gel cores. The surface of the spheres are coated then with the anticancer drug TRAIL,
and circulating tumor cells than using the drugs in a nanogel delivery system without the platelet membrane. e like to do additional preclinical testing on this technique,
more expensive devices The Minion is a handheld DNA-sequencing device developed by Oxford Nanopore,
It works by detecting individual DNA bases that pass through a nanopore a tiny hole in a membrane.
which incorporates nanoparticles into polymers through a technique called electrospinning, was developed by a team from the University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy,
The team managed to synthesize a thin film made of densely packed aluminum oxide nanorods blended with molecules of a thrombolytic enzyme (urokinase-type plasminogen activator.
and Professor Nam-Trung Nguyen (Queensland Micro-and Nanotechnology Centre) collaborated with Dr Jenny Ekberg (Queensland University of Technology) and scientists in Spain."
US researchers have developed a new low-cost lab-on-a-chip device to aid analysis of sputum from patients with pulmonary diseases such as tuberculosis and asthma.
"said paper co-author Alexis Vallée-Belisle, a University of Montreal chemistry professor and the Canada Research Chair in bioengineering and bionanotechnology."
The folks at Berkeley Lab have been all over S. ovata for artificial photosynthesis (our bad for missing their April 16 press release) through a connection with UC Berkeley Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute.
The new process starts by harvesting sunlight with a nanostructure of wires made from silicon and titanium:
photo-excited electron#hole pairs are generated in the silicon and titanium oxide nanowires, which absorb different regions of the solar spectrum.
We were able to uniformly populate our nanowire array with S. ovata using buffered brackish water with trace vitamins as the only organic component.
In this regard they point toward employing nanoprint lithography a common technique for producing nanometer scale patterns in larger quantities to produce silica overlays.
Nanoengineers at the University of California, San diego, have designed enzyme-functionalized micromotors that rapidly zoom around in water,
led by distinguished nanoengineering professor and chair Joseph Wang, published the work this month in the journal Angewandte Chemie."
In their experiments, nanoengineers demonstrated that the micromotors rapidly decarbonated water solutions that were saturated with carbon dioxide.
Measuring just 50 nanometres across, the aluminium yolk is surrounded by a shell of titanium dioxide of just three or four nanometres thick.
When these nanoparticles are used as the anode in a lithium ion battery, the researchers found it had a storage capacity of 1. 2 ampere-hours per gram.
A lithium ion battery using graphite has a storage capacity of 0. 35 ampere-hours per gram. The researchers also found they could achieve very fast charging times with the'yolk and shell'battery
'While other designs for space elevators have involved complex designs using graphene or carbon nanotubes, the Thoth design reportedly uses inflatable sections
coated in a form of carbon called graphene, could be made see-through. The triple hull design would allow the Dreadnought to cut through the waves at high speed,
By adding composites made of a polymer and reduced graphene oxide, the films are able to detect touch
The secret of its design is a scattering of billions of carbon'nanotubes'-microscopic hollow carbon rods.
Putting pressure on the skin squeezes the nanotubes closer together and enables them to conduct electricity.
This Nifty Toothbrush Scrubs Teeth Clean With Nanotech. If you think about it, toothpaste is pretty gnarly stuff.
Now, thanks to the wonders of nanotechnology, we can. A group of Japanese techies have designed a toothbrush that uses super skinny nylon bristles wrapped in nano-size mineral ions to scrub teeth squeaky clean.
and then it must be degraded--the components are recycled then basically,"added Marth, also director of UCSB's Center for Nanomedicine and a professor in the campus's Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental biology."
"said lead author Won Ho Yang, Ph d.,a postdoctoral associate at SBP and at UCSB's Center for Nanomedicine."
"That change is very tiny--as small as a few nanometers or less, "Tao says.""We have a way to track that change with great precision--down to a fraction of a nanometer."
"Further, the technique is compatible with simple optical microscopy, though techniques including phrase contrast imaging
With the gadget's unique design as inspiration, researchers now report in ACS Central Science the development of bottlebrush nanotags that can contain thousands of fluorophores,
so that a wide range of colors of these fluorescent nanotags can be obtained readily. The authors note that,
Jensen and her colleagues now report in the journal International Journal of Pharmaceutics that they have managed to use S. islandicus to construct a nanocapsule that can transport drugs safely through the stomach.
and graduate student Gopinath Rajadinakaran teamed up with UK-based Oxford Nanopore technologies to show that the company's Minion nanopore sequencer can sequence genes faster,
Oxford Nanopore, a company based in the UK released its new nanopore sequencer, and offered one to Graveley's lab. The nanopore sequencer,
called a Minion, works by feeding a single strand of DNA through a tiny pore.
The pore can only hold five DNA bases-the'letters'that spell out our genes-at a time.
Each combination creates a different electrical current in the nanopore. GGGGA makes a different current than AGGGG,
and then ran them through the Minion's nanopores. In this one experiment, they not only found 7,
"Graveley will speak about the research at the Oxford Nanopore Minion Community Meeting at the New york Genome Center on Dec 3.
In contrast to using advanced nanofabrication facilities based on chemical processing of materials, this flexible technique allows for rewritable'optical fabrication'of devices.
"In a way, the most exciting aspect of this work is that it should be applicable to a wide range of nanoscale materials such as complex oxides, graphene,
At one end of that plane there is a so-called quantum dot: a tiny trap for electrons, only a hundred nanometers wide, in which owing to quantum mechanics the electrons exist in well-defined energy states similar to those of an atom.
Such quantum dots are, therefore, also known as"artificial atoms"."At the other end, just a few micrometers away, a bent electrode acts as a curved mirror that reflects electrons
when a voltage is applied to it. Better materialsthe possibility to focus electrons in this way was investigated already in 1997 at Harvard university.
In their experiments, the physicists detect this wave nature by measuring the current flowing from the quantum dot to the curved mirror.
and thus couple coherently to the quantum dot",stresses Rössler, who developed the experiment in the group of ETH professor Klaus Ensslin.
Indeed, the researchers were able to show that the interaction between the electrons in the quantum dot
"In the future, this spin-coherent coupling could make it possible to connect quantum dots over large distances, "says Zilberberg,
Suitable for quantum computersfor some time now, quantum dots have been considered as possible candidates for making so-called quantum bits or"qubits,
Until now the quantum dots in such a computer needed to be very close to each other in order to achieve the necessary coupling for performing calculations.
With the help of a resonator and a quantum dot simulating such an impurity, the physicists hope to be able to study the Kondo effect very precisely.
Efstathios Karathanasis, a biomedical engineer at Case School of engineering, has developed chainlike nanoparticles that can carry drugs across the blood-brain barrier that keeps standard medicines from reaching their target--a highly aggressive brain cancer called
Karathanasis'lab developed a short chain of magnetic nanoparticles made of iron oxide and modified the surfaces so one links to the next, much like Lego building blocks.
In addition to the grant money, the researchers will have access to the National Cancer Institute's Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer,
#New graphene based inks for high-speed manufacturing of printed electronics A low-cost, high-speed method for printing graphene inks using a conventional roll-to-roll printing process,
the method allows graphene and other electrically conducting materials to be added to conventional water-based inks
the first time that graphene has been used for printing on a large-scale commercial printing press at high speed.
Graphene is a two-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms, just one atom thick. Its flexibility, optical transparency and electrical conductivity make it suitable for a wide range of applications,
widespread commercial use of graphene is yet to be realised.""We are pleased to be the first to bring graphene inks close to real-world manufacturing.
There are lots of companies that have produced graphene inks, but none of them has done it on a scale close to this,
"said Dr Tawfique Hasan of the Cambridge Graphene Centre (CGC), who developed the method.""Being able to produce conductive inks that could effortlessly be used for printing at a commercial scale at a very high speed will open up all kinds of different applications for graphene and other similar materials.""
""This method will allow us to put electronic systems into entirely unexpected shapes, "said Chris Jones of Novalia."
"It's an incredibly flexible enabling technology.""Hasan's method, developed at the University's Nanoscience Centre, works by suspending tiny particles of graphene in a'carrier'solvent mixture,
which is added to conductive water-based ink formulations. The ratio of the ingredients can be adjusted to control the liquid's properties,
The same method works for materials other than graphene, including metallic, semiconducting and insulating nanoparticles. Currently, printed conductive patterns use a combination of poorly conducting carbon with other materials, most commonly silver
which is expensive. Silver-based inks cost £1000 or more per kilogram, whereas this new graphene ink formulation would be 25 times cheaper.
Additionally, silver is not recyclable, while graphene and other carbon materials can easily be recycled. The new method uses cheap,
nontoxic and environmentally friendly solvents that can be dried quickly at room temperature, reducing energy costs for ink curing.
The graphene-based inks have been printed at a rate of more than 100 metres per minute, which is in line with commercial production rates for graphics printing,
Two years ago, Hasan and his colleagues produced a prototype of a transparent and flexible piano using graphene-based inks,
Hasan and Phd students Guohua Hu, Richard Howe and Zongyin Yang of the Hybrid Nanomaterials Engineering group at CGC
which required no modifications in order to print with the graphene ink. In addition to the new applications the method will open up for graphene,
it could also initiate entirely new business opportunities for commercial graphics printers, who could diversify into the electronics sector."
researchers need to make it easier to manipulate light at the nanoscale. Researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS) have done just that,
bend, twist and reduce diameter of a beam from the macroscale to the nanoscale, "said Mazur."
and turnover,"said senior author Jamey Marth, director of UCSB's Center for Nanomedicine and a professor in the campus's Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental biology."
"said lead author Won Ho Yang, a postdoctoral associate at UCSB's Center for Nanomedicine and SBP."
and Professor Nam-Trung Nguyen (Queensland Micro-and Nanotechnology Centre) collaborated with Dr Jenny Ekberg (Queensland University of Technology) and scientists in Spain."
#Umbrella-shaped diamond nanostructures make efficient photon collectors Standard umbrellas come out when the sky turns dark,
but in the nanoworld, umbrella shapes may be the next creative way to enhance light emission. Inspired by recent work to enhance the luminescence from diamond nanopillar structures,
a team of researchers in Japan has discovered that"umbrella-shaped"diamond nanostructures with metal mirrors on the bottom are more efficient photon collectors than their diamond nanostructure"cousins"of other shapes.
By tweaking the shape of the diamond nanostructures into the form of tiny umbrellas, researchers from Tokyo Institute of technology experimentally showed that the fluorescence intensity of their structures was three to five times greater than that of bulk diamond.
They report their results in the journal Applied Physics Letters, from AIP Publishing. To get started, the team formed the umbrella-shaped diamond nanostructures by using an original"bottom-up"fabrication technique that relies on selective and anisotropic growth through holes in a metal mask.
The metal mask also serves as a mirror that is self-aligned to the diamond nanostructures."
"Our umbrella-shaped nanostructure has an effect similar to a solid immersion lens, which reduces the chance of total reflection on its upper surface
and focuses the emitted light toward the'upside'of the structure, "explained Mutsuko Hatano, a professor in the Graduate school of Science and Engineering's Department of Physical Electronics at Tokyo Institute of technology.
The self-aligned mirror goes a step further to enhance the efficiency of collecting this light by reflecting it at the lower surface area of the nanostructure."
The significance of the team's discovery is that they've shown that the brighter fluorescence intensity of umbrella-shaped diamond nanostructures can be achieved by improving the photon collection efficiency of the nitrogen vacancy centers,
In terms of applications, the team's nanostructures may find use in highly sensitive magnetic sensors for making biological observations or within the computational science realm for quantum computing and cryptographic communications.
Next, Hatano and colleagues plan to pursue better control of the nanostructures'shape, as well as target a smoother surface by optimizing chemical vapor deposition growth conditions."
"Our goal now is to improve the nanostructures'photon collection efficiency, "she said.""We also plan to demonstrate quantum sensors--in particular,
Similar to graphite consisting of weakly bound graphene layers, WTE2 is layered a material that could be reduced to few layers in thickness
or a monolayer and be used in making nanoscale transistors in other electronics. The material was thought originally to be two-dimensional in nature because of the ease with
Cobalt atoms on graphene a powerful combo Graphene doped with nitrogen and augmented with cobalt atoms has proven to be an effective, durable catalyst for the production of hydrogen from water, according to scientists at Rice university.
"What's unique about this paper is that we show not the use of metal particles, not the use of metal nanoparticles,
"Even particles on the nanoscale work only at the surface, he said.""There are so many atoms inside the nanoparticle that never do anything.
But in our process the atoms driving catalysis have no metal atoms next to them.
"The researchers discovered that heat-treating graphene oxide and small amounts of cobalt salts in a gaseous environment forced individual cobalt atoms to bind to the material.
They tested nitrogen-doped graphene on its own and found it lacked the ability to kick the catalytic process into gear.
"Atom-thick graphene is the ideal substrate, Tour said, because of its high surface area, stability in harsh operating conditions and high conductivity.
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