the researchers directed 980-nanometer infrared light at the hybrid material, which then generated upconverted orange yellow fluorescent 550-nanometer light,
almost doubling the energy of the incoming photons. The researchers were able to boost the upconversion process by up to three orders of magnitude by coating the cadmium selenide nanocrystals with organic ligands,
"This 550--nanometer light can be absorbed by any solar cell material, "Bardeen said.""The key to this research is the hybrid composite material--combining inorganic semiconductor nanoparticles with organic compounds.
and their size, shape and properties at nanometric scale can be controlled very well. According to the researchers, the stability of nanomaterials in long period is one of the most important challenges in the production of nanomaterials.
"The Berkeley Lab-Columbia University team believes their new approach to a single-molecule diode provides a general route for tuning nonlinear nanoscale-device phenomena that could be applied to systems beyond single-molecule junctions
and energy flow at the nanoscale. What is exciting to me about this field is its multidisciplinary nature-the need for both physics and chemistry-and the strong beneficial coupling between experiment and theory."
The new material is composed of a silica sol-gel thin film containing polar groups linked to the silicon atoms and a nanoscale self-assembled monolayer of an octylphosphonic acid,
To address that, they deposited a nanoscale self-assembled monolayer of n-octylphosphonic acid on top of the hybrid sol-gel.
Less than a nanometer thick the monolayer serves as an insulating layer.""Our silica sol-gel is a hybrid material
about 20 nanometers in size the same size range as the smallest features that can now be produced in microchips.
which measure between 1 and 100 nanometers. Lead researcher Paul Hatton Professor of Biomaterials Sciences at the University of Sheffield, said:
The study, funded by the European commission and the UK Engineering and Physical sciences Research Council, is published in Acta Biomaterialia("Functionalised nanoscale coatings using layer-by-layer assembly for imparting antibacterial properties to polylactide
The specially formulated mixture contains a solvent, a binder and nanoscale and platelet-like particles;
Professor of Chemistry, an international team of researchers developed a method for fabricating nanoscale electronic scaffolds that can be injected via syringe.
1 micrometer wide and 90 nanometers thick), connected tightly to a chip. To get an idea how it works,
The sinusoidally modulated control signal makes the cantilever oscillate at an amplitude of up to 20 nanometers.
Because the changes of the electromagnetic field in such systems are measured in tens of nanometers, researchers use the term"nanophotonics"-so the prefix"nano"is used not here just as a fad!
Without the nanoscale waveguide and the cantilever, the chip simply wouldn't work. Abig cantilever cannot be made to oscillate by freely propagating light,
simple process for making platinum"nano-raspberries"microscopic clusters of nanoscale particles of the precious metal("Stability and phase transfer of catalytically active platinum nanoparticle suspensions").
"The NIST team measured conditions under which platinum particles, ranging in size from 3 to 4 nanometers (nm) in diameter,
For small structures in particular (from 100 nanometres to 10 micrometres) no good solutions for this problem existed yet.
used in targeted surgeries, precision manufacturing and in the exploration of materials at the nanoscale.
what happens on a nanoscale, you have to follow it out to mesoscale. So its even more complicated at the APS,
a graduate student at Rice and lead author of the paper. sing different functionalities in different nanoscale systems could revolutionize nanomaterials development,
The researchers who carried out the collaboration on three continents still don know precisely what happening at the nanoscale. t is an exothermic reaction,
achieved nanoscale switching volume of phase change materials, resulted in the PCM writing current of below 20 ua, the lowest value among top-down PCM devices.
and have done extensive testing with layers ranging from 30 to 70 nanometers thick, says Erinn Dandley,
and Technology's (NIST) Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology has developed a method for measuring crystal vibrations in graphene.
The high purity graphene device was fabricated by NIST researcher Y. Zhao in the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology's Nanofab, a national user facility available to researchers from industry, academia and government t
but typically provides information only about topology at nanoscale resolution. A highly promising new version of scanning electron microscopy, called"high-resolution scanning electron microscopy,
Thanks to their mechanical properties, MOF thin films of a few hundred nanometers in thickness can be used for flexible solar cells or for the coating of clothing material or deformable components.
In photosynthesis, plants that are exposed to sunlight use carefully organized nanoscale structures within their cells to rapidly separate charges pulling electrons away from the positively charged molecule that is left behind,
The two components that make the UCLA-developed system work are a polymer donor and a nanoscale fullerene acceptor.
#Sweeping lasers snap together nanoscale geometric grids Down at the nanoscale, where objects span just billionths of a meter,
Building larger materials that retain subtle nanoscale features is an ongoing challenge that shapes countless emerging technologies.
"By quickly and independently controlling the nanoscale structure and the composition, we can tailor the performance of these materials.
and characterized the nanoscale architectures using electron microscopy at CFN and x-ray scattering at the National Synchrotron Light Sourceoth DOE Office of Science User Facilities.
and aligns the rapidly forming nanoscale cylinders.""The end result is that in less than one second,
This versatility enables the use of a wide variety of materials in different nanoscale configurations."
Researchers from the IBM Materials Integration and Nanoscale Devices group demonstrated a novel, robust and yet versatile approach for integrating III-V compound semiconductor crystals on silicon wafers a novel and an important step
The first paper was published last week in the journal Applied Physics Letters("Template-assisted selective epitaxy of III nanoscale devices for coplanar heterogeneous integration with Si")by lead
five year investment to push the limits of silicon technology to 7 nanometers and below.
when particle size falls to the range of a few ten nanometers where a single particle provides only a vanishingly small signal.
For their first measurements, the scientists used gold spheres with a diameter of 40 nanometers.
By combining higher order modes, the scientists could even increase the resolution to around 800 nanometers.
Nanoparticles would then make it possible to measure with nanometre accuracy, i e. on the scale of viruses. The maximum length of the sensor fibre is currently around 400 metres,
Forschungszentrum Jlich)" Our method is the first to image electric fields near the surface of a sample quantitatively with atomic precision on the subnanometre scale,
Quantum dots are tiny structures, measuring no more than a few nanometres across, which due to quantum confinement can only assume certain,
"In contrast to many other forms of scanning probe microscopy, scanning quantum dot microscopy can even work at a distance of several nanometres.
In a nanoscale world and that is our world we can control cellulose-based materials one atom at a time.
can be manipulated at the nano level to build nanoscale cages that are the exact same size as the gas they are trying to capture.
But, matter on the nanoscale is challenging to observe. These nanoparticles are very difficult to study,
and environmentally benign method to combat bacteria by engineering nanoscale particles that add the antimicrobial potency of silver to a core of lignin,
#Nanoscale light-emitting device has big profile University of Wisconsin-Madison engineers have created a nanoscale device that can emit light as powerfully as an object 10,000 times its size.
and his collaborators describe a nanoscale device that drastically surpasses previous technology in its ability to scatter light.
The device is composed of a film of organic molecules 100 nanometres thick, confined between two nearly perfect mirrors.
The device is composed of a film of organic molecules 100 nanometres thick confined between two nearly perfect mirrors.
or silica creating a thin liquid layer that smooths out nanoscale'valleys'in the platinum
Along with duplicating the process in nanowires between 20 and 100 nanometers in diameter, researchers demonstrated the process using several combinations of materials,
As you shrink the spacing down to distances smaller than about 400 nanometers, it creates
The study also suggests the broader potential for adapting nanoscale drug-delivery techniques developed for use in environmental remediation. hat we can apply some of the highly sophisticated,
#3d'printouts'at the nanoscale using self-assembling DNA structures A novel way of making 3d nanostructures from DNA is described in a study published in the renowned journal Nature("DNA rendering of polyhedral meshes
at the nanoscale"."The study was led by researchers at Karolinska Institutet who collaborated with a group at Finland's Aalto University.
Bjrn Hgberg and Erik Benson The team behind the study likens the new approach to a 3d printer for nanoscale structures.
we print it in DNA at the nanoscale. Using this technique, the team has built a ball, spiral, rod and bottle-shaped structure,
"said Anand Bhattacharya, a physicist in Argonne's Materials science Division and the Center for Nanoscale Materials (a DOE Office of Science user facility),
TEM Nanocube A nanoscale view of the new superfast fluorescent system using a transmission electron microscope.
The silver cube is just 75-nanometers wide. The quantum dots (red) are sandwiched between the silver cube and a thin gold foil.
When a laser shines on the surface of a silver cube just 75 nanometers wide,
This field interacts with quantum dots--spheres of semiconducting material just six nanometers wide--that are sandwiched in between the nanocube and the gold.
consisting of a gold layer on glass that is only 150 nanometers thick and an organic material
at a nanoscale resolution. The inventors'long-term goal is to make the resource available to the scientific community in the form of a national brain observatory.
#Blown-up brains reveal nanoscale details Microscopes make living cells and tissues appear bigger. But what if we could actually make the things bigger?
In 1873, German physicist Ernst Abbe deduced that conventional optical microscopes cannot distinguish objects that are closer together than about 200 nanometres roughly half the shortest wavelength of visible light.
Professor of Chemistry, an international team of researchers has developed a method of fabricating nanoscale electronic scaffolds that can be injected via syringe.
An oscilloscope placed on the skin alongside the laser senses these nanoscale bubbles when they start popping,
#Infrared light speeds up healing by turbocharging our cells A near infrared laser beam makes it easier for a nanoscale probe to pass through water (Image:
which has a wavelength of 670 nanometres, was reported first 40 years ago. The light causes mitochondria, the cell's powerhouses, to produce more ATP, a compound that provides the cell's energy.
which would revolutionize nanoscale devices. Venkataraman proudly stated that the new device represents the ultimate in functional miniaturisation that can be achieved for an electronic device.
This simple new technique can be applied easily to all nanoscale devices of all types, including those that are made with graphene electrodes a
This technology promises to take the future of data storage down to nanometers in coming years,
The nanoscale world is not slippery when wet; instead, water actually increases friction instead of decreasing it
The wavelength spans 191 nanometers, which the study claims is reported the largest for a laser of this kind.
MOF thin films of a few hundred nanometers in thickness can be used for flexible solar cells or for the coating of clothing material or deformable components.
"What's different about black silicon solar cells is that their surfaces are covered in tiny, nanoscale ridges,
#Physicists have observed virtually frictionless motion at the nanoscale For the first time, researchers in the US have made friction almost completely vanish between two surfaces at the nanoscale.
The discovery paves the way for engineering surfaces that can slide past each other with virtually no resistance,
for the first time on the atomic scale, we can see this transition from friction to superlubricity. o do this, the team simulated friction at the nanoscale by engineering two special surfaces:
a group of international researchers led by Professor Charles Lieber of Harvard university have developed a method for injecting nanoscale electronic scaffolds into animal bodies.
The resulting particles are less than 8 nanometres thick (a human hair is around 80,000-100,000 nanometres)
All this power is made possible by transistors that are just 7 nanometres in size (7 billionths of a metre),
So the researchers tried producing a grid of tiny gallium phosphide nanowires measuring 90 nanometres thick and 500 nanometers long,
with the new crystals now able to work in cells that are double in thickness on the previous limit of 200 nanometers."
"Ripples, wrinkles and sub-10-nanometer pores in the surface and atomic-level imperfections give LIG its ability to store a lot of energy.
"This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through Penn State's Center for Nanoscale Science e
Of course this opens many opportunities to make new types of electronic components on the nanoscale and in particular,
To overcome this obstacle the team used a fast-responding photorefractive crystal that is sensitive to light at the 790-nanometer wavelength making it suitable to focus light deep into biological tissue.
Rather than develop a new instrument we've created a nanoscale tool made from strands of DNA that can detect
and control mechanical vibrations of microscale and nanoscale devices--a field called optomechanics. In resonant microcavities these miniscule forces can be enhanced by many orders of magnitude.
"The fern shape is particularly difficult to stop because of its nanoscale tip, "said Siu On Tung, a graduate student in Kotov's lab,
"While the widths of pores in other membranes are a few hundred nanometers, or a few hundred-thousandths of a centimeter, the pores in the membrane developed at U-M are 15-to-20 nanometers across.
They are large enough to let individual lithium ions pass, but small enough to block the 20-to-50-nanometer tips of the fern-structures.
The researchers made the membrane by layering the fibers on top of each other in thin sheets. This method keeps the chainlike molecules in the plastic stretched out,
When heated up for several hours the gold is moving into the material perpendicular to the surface like nanometer-sized spheres.
Nine hours of heating gives a tunnel of 800 nanometers in length for example and a diameter of 25 nanometer:
A brick wall at the nanoscale Natural materials have extraordinary mechanical properties, which are sophisticated based on arrangements and combinations of multiple building blocks.
Now scientists at the U s. Department of energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory show that etching a nanoscale texture onto the silicon material itself creates an antireflective surface that works as well as state-of-the-art thin-film multilayer coatings.
"which can be made to self-organize into an ordered surface pattern with dimensions measuring only tens of nanometers.
-and nanoscale structures to give the metals their new properties. This work builds on earlier research by the team in which they used a similar laser-patterning technique that turned metals black.
and Technology at KAIST has developed a method to form micropores of less than 2 nanometers within porous polymers where 10 nanometers long mesopores connect like a net.
Porous polymers with micropores of less than 2 nanometers like a zeolite have a large surface area. They are used as a means to store hydrogen-based molecules
The research team solved the issue by implementing a self-assembly of block polymers to easily form a netlike nanostructure from mesopores of 10 nanometers.
This porous polymer has micropores that are smaller than 2 nanometers on the walls of mesopores
while 10 nanometers long mesopores forming 3-dimensional net structures. Because of the self-assembly method the size of mesopores can be adjusted within the range of 6 to 15 nanometers.
This is the first case where a porous polymer has both well-defined mesopores and micropores. The research team verified the effect of hierarchically-porous structures on absorption of molecules by confirming that the porous polymer had faster absorption speeds than a polymer consisting only of micropores.
Instead of acquiring a new microscope to take images with nanoscale resolution you can take the images on a regular microscope.
For example if you are using blue-green light with a wavelength of 500 nanometers you can't see anything smaller than 250 nanometers.
Protein complexes molecules that transport payloads in and out of cells and other cellular activities are organized all at the nanoscale.
or how immune cells are configured in an autoimmune attack you have to look at a large piece of tissue with nanoscale precision he says.
but usually limited to a resolution of hundreds of nanometers. With their enlarged samples the researchers achieved resolution down to 70 nanometers.
The expansion microscopy process...should be compatible with many existing microscope designs and systems already in laboratories Chen adds.
but also to see where all the nanoscale components are. While Boyden's team is focused on the brain other possible applications for this technique include studying tumor metastasis
X-rays have very short wavelengths of only about 1 to 0. 01 nanometres (nm), compared to 400 to 800 nm for visible light.
A nanometre is a millionth of a millimetre. The high penetration of X-rays is favoured for three-dimensional tomographic imaging of objects such as biological cells
"It appears that the long-sought goal of focusing X-rays to a nanometre is in reach."
"We were able to reduce the thickness of the solar cell from over 200 nanometers to 70 nanometers."
but also paves the way for the development of next-generation nanoscale superconducting devices. Arraysuperconductors are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation advanced electronic devices,
researchers have created nanoscale delivery systems engineered to make the drug reach and accumulate at the tumor site.
'The body's immune system, especially the liver and spleen, has been one of the biggest stumbling blocks in developing nanoscale chemotherapy drug delivery systems,
The top layer of silver film is 25 nanometers thick and is punctured with tiny holes created by a microfabrication process known as focused ion beam milling.
The bottom layer of silver is four times thicker than the top layer but still minuscule at 100 nanometers.
Between the top and bottom films lies a 45-nanometer silica dielectric spacer. The researchers created a scaled-down template of the athletic logo and drilled out tiny perforations on the top layer of the metamaterial structure.
and thereby accurately reproduce the S&t athletic logo with nanoscale color palettes. The researchers further adjusted the holes to alter the logo's official green
""To reproduce a colorful artwork with our nanoscale color palettes, we replaced different areas in the original image with different nanostructures with specified hole sizes to represent various visible colors,
who leads the Nanoscale Optics Laboratory in the university's mechanical and aerospace engineering department.""We chose the athletic logo to fill that need.""
"Other co-authors of the Scientific Reports paper are Dr. Fei Cheng, a researcher at Missouri S&t's Nanoscale Optics Laboratory,
#Ultrafast heat conduction can manipulate nanoscale magnets"In our study, we make use of the fact that a heat current passing through a magnetic material creates a separation of electron spins.
and heat at the nanoscale, addressing the fundamental limits of ultrafast spintronic devices for data storage and information processing.
The new technology, developed by a team of scientists from Argonne's Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) and the Advanced Photon Source (APS), involves a small microelectromechanical system (MEMS) mirror only
"Such small sources and tiny MEMS devices form an ideal combination to make 3-D X-ray ultrafast movies with nanometer resolution,"added Jin Wang, a senior scientist at the APS and one
which are merely a few nanometers large in the lateral dimension, are shown to emit light upon excitation in the visible spectral range.
Thanks to their mechanical properties, MOF thin films of a few hundred nanometers in thickness can be used for flexible solar cells or for the coating of clothing material or deformable components.
they consulted an expert in nanoscale electronic devices, Suman Datta, who told them they were seeing a 2d version of a resonant tunneling diode,
Nanoscale mirrored cavities that trap light around atoms in diamond crystals increase the quantum mechanical interactions between light and electrons in atoms.
#Sweeping lasers snap together nanoscale geometric grids Now, scientists at the U s. Department of energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory have developed a new technique to rapidly create nano-structured grids for functional materials with unprecedented versatility."
"By quickly and independently controlling the nanoscale structure and the composition, we can tailor the performance of these materials.
and characterized the nanoscale architectures using electron microscopy at CFN and x-ray scattering at the National Synchrotron Light source--both DOE Office of Science User Facilities.
--which pulls and aligns the rapidly forming nanoscale cylinders.""The end result is that in less than one second,
This versatility enables the use of a wide variety of materials in different nanoscale configurations."
The new designer materials integrate the structure of two or more separate functions at the nanoscale,
and cross-linked at the nanoscale.""We're used to thinking of synthetic materials as structural,
In these new materials, the individual functions are integrated yet kept separate at the nanoscale. The researchers combined two different types of smart materials:
Due to the fact that the separate components are meshed at the nanoscale, there are unbroken paths within each component from one side of the material to the other,
yet there are nanoscale boundaries between them as well. Such IPNS are highly resistant to cracks, making them very mechanically stable.
when particle size falls to the range of a few ten nanometers where a single particle provides only a vanishingly small signal.
the scientists used gold spheres with a diameter of 40 nanometers.""The gold particles serve as our reference system,
By combining higher order modes, the scientists could even increase the resolution to around 800 nanometers.
"Indigo-Clean#uses a narrow spectrum of visible indigo-colored light at an output of 405 nanometers (nm) on the light spectrum.
He also was able to resolve the structure of hydrated 3dom hydrogels using nanoscale resolution X-ray microscopy (ZEISS Xradia 800 Ultra.
Deacon and his collaborators began the painstaking work of creating a tiny device, just a few hundred nanometers in size.
"The quantum dots, each around 100 nanometers in size, were grown at random positions on a semiconductor chip.
"There's a lot of talk about using graphene in electronics and small nanoscale devices, but they're all a ways away,
'In dividing cells, these gaps are incredibly small at just 25 nanometres wide--3, 000 times thinner than a human hair.
Wiesner called the breakthrough"beautiful"and a possibly fundamental insight into studying nanoscale materials. In materials science, the goal is always to get well-defined structures that can be studied without interference from material defects.
Today, nanotechnology allows incredibly detailed nanoscale etching, down to 10 nanometers on a silicon wafer.
#Nanoscale light-emitting device has big profile University of Wisconsin-Madison engineers have created a nanoscale device that can emit light as powerfully as an object 10,000 times its size.
and his collaborators describe a nanoscale device that drastically surpasses previous technology in its ability to scatter light.
and build that into a nanoscale carrier that can seek out a tumor and deliver a payload of drug,
corresponding to red light of a wavelength of 700 nanometers. As more layers were added, the optical gap decreased.
For instance, for five layers, the optical gap value was 0. 8 electron volts, a infrared wavelength of 1550 nanometres.
and Diana Berman were studying the hybrid material in laboratory experiments at Argonne's Tribology Laboratory and the Center for Nanoscale Materials,
and silver particles with nanoscale dimensions oxidise particularly rapidly; meanwhile, indium is one of the rarest elements on earth crust
measuring about 120 nanometres in diameter, were covered with a layer of about 100 nanometres of AZO
For their experiments, the researchers used thin films of gold that were 120 nanometers thick,
The light source was an array of off-the-shelf LEDS positioned beneath the PCR wells. The peak wavelength of the blue LED light was tuned 450 nanometers
The Harvard team solved these problems by using a mesh of conductive polymer threads with either nanoscale electrodes
a team of Harvard researchers describe the creation of a flexible nanowire mesh with nanoscale electrodes
Big Blue's partners are Globalfoundries, Samsung and the State university of New york Polytechnic institute's Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (SUNY Poly CNSE.
-and nanoscale structures to give the metals their new properties. This work builds on earlier research by the team in which they used a similar laser-patterning technique that turned metals black.
Ripples, wrinkles and sub-10-nanometer pores in the surface and atomic-level imperfections give LIG its ability to store a lot of energy.
Tour is the T. T. and W. F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of materials science and nanoengineering and of computer science and a member of the Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology.
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