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running cars on ethanol and turning its race meets into centres for recycling everything from waste engine oil to old mobile phones.
In this case, the car uses a type of advanced cellulosic 85%ethanol renewable fuel from woody biomass.
*In California, the California Ethanol and Power Project will produce 66 million gallons of ethanol annually from sugar cane and sweet sorghum.
which uses microbes to glean ethanol from glycerol and has added the benefit of cleaning up the wastewater,
will allow producers to reincorporate the ethanol and the water into the fuel-making process, says Gemma Reguera, Michigan State university microbiologist and one of the study coauthors. ith a saturated glycerol market,
The next step, the team searched for partner bacteria that could ferment it into ethanol while generating byproducts that edthe Geobacter.
but a high dose of ethanol can blunt their fear according to new research. These findings may pave the way for new methodologies for understanding anxiety
and that this preference can be abolished by exposing the fish to ethanol. Scary robotporfiri and Macri along with students Valentina Cianca and Tiziana Bartolini hypothesized that robots could be used to induce fear as well as affinity
To determine whether alcohol would affect fear responses the researchers exposed separate groups of fish to different doses of ethanol in water.
Ethanol has been shown to influence anxiety-related responses in humans rodents and some species of fish.
The zebrafish exposed to the highest concentrations of ethanol showed remarkable changes in behavior failing to avoid the predatory robot.
Acute administration of ethanol causes no harm and has no lasting effect on zebrafish.##These results are further evidence that robots may represent an exciting new approach in evaluating
and evaluated whether the results obtained therein were sensitive to ethanol administration. They placed test subjects in a two-chamber tank with one well-lit side and one darkened side to establish which conditions were preferable.
Ethanol exposure significantly modulated these fear responses as well abolishing the preference for the light compartment
Among ethanol-exposed fish there were many more who were unaffected by the robotic predator preferred the dark compartment
Three groups of fish were treated with varying doses of ethanol in water#zero percent (control group) 0. 25 percent and 1 percent by volume.
The two ethanol-exposed groups deviated significantly from this pattern spending more time in other regions of the tank.
#New approach to boosting biofuel production Yeast are used commonly to transform corn and other plant materials into biofuels such as ethanol.
However large concentrations of ethanol can be toxic to yeast which has limited the production capacity of many yeast strains used in industry.
Now Stephanopoulos and colleagues at MIT and the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research have identified a new way to boost yeast tolerance to ethanol by simply altering the composition of the medium in
Ethanol and other alcohols can disrupt yeast cell membranes eventually killing the cells. The MIT team found that adding potassium and hydroxide ions to the medium in
By making these changes the researchers were able to boost yeast s ethanol production by about 80 percent.
This work goes a long way to squeezing the last drop of ethanol from sugar adds Gerald Fink an MIT professor of biology member of the Whitehead Institute and the paper s other senior author.
or group of genes that could be manipulated to make yeast more tolerant to ethanol but this approach did not yield much success
and increasing the ph with potassium hydroxide the researchers were able to dramatically boost ethanol production.
They also found that these changes did not affect the biochemical pathway used by the yeast to produce ethanol:
Yeast continued to produce ethanol at the same per-cell rate as long as they remained viable. Instead the changes influenced their electrochemical membrane gradients differences in ion concentrations inside and outside the membrane
Ethanol increases the porosity of the cell membrane making it very difficult for cells to maintain their electrochemical gradients.
the longer they survive the more ethanol they make. By reinforcing these gradients we re energizing yeast to allow them to withstand harsher conditions
What s also exciting to us is that this could apply beyond ethanol to more advanced biofuel alcohols that upset cell membranes in the same way Lam says.
Industrial relevancebefore yeast begin their work producing ethanol the starting material usually corn must be broken down into glucose.
While many studies have examined ways to boost ethanol tolerance at low glucose levels the MIT team used concentrations of about 300 grams per liter similar to
Otherwise what you learn at low ethanol levels is not likely to translate to industrial production Stephanopoulos says.
In more recent experiments the MIT researchers have used this method to bump ethanol productivity even higher than reported in the Science paper.
They are also working on using this approach to boost the ethanol yield from various industrial feedstocks that because of starting compounds inherently toxic to yeast now have low yields.
and then MWCNT@S and VACNTS were assembled into macro-CNT-S films via the dispersion in ethanol followed by vacuum filtration",Zhe Yuan,
A bacterial fermentation process known as Acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) produces acetone, n-Butanol, and ethanol from starch.
ABE fermentation was developed first in the UK a century ago, but died out in competition with the petrochemical industry.
A bacterial fermentation process known as Acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) produces acetone, n-Butanol, and ethanol from starch.
ABE fermentation was developed first in the UK a century ago, but died out in competition with the petrochemical industry.
which can be turned into ethanol, what some scientists are calling iofuelbecause the organic chemicals from plastic polymers she extracts,
are the same chemicals extracted from vegetation to create ethanol biofuel. The process releases other chemicals that can also be recycled and sold.
In this process, the titanium dioxide and platinum precursors are dissolved in ethanol and converted to a fog using an ultrasonic bath.
-based ethanol into hydrocarbon blend-stocks for use as fossil fuel alternatives. Scientists have experimented for decades with a class of catalysts known as zeolites that transform alcohols such as ethanol into higher-grade hydrocarbons.
As ORNL researchers were developing a new type of zeolite-based conversion technology, they found the underlying reaction unfolds in a different manner than previously thought."
"For 40 years, everyone thought that these reactions must go first from ethanol to ethylene,
"It has been assumed that you must go from ethanol to ethylene, which is endothermic and requires energy.
"Our method of direct conversion of ethanol offers a pathway to produce suitable hydrocarbon blend-stock that may be blended at a refinery to yield fuels such as gasoline, diesel and jet fuel or commodity chemicals,
#Sensor detects spoilage of food VTT has developed a sensor that detects ethanol in the headspace of a food package.
Ethanol is formed as a result of food spoilage. The sensor signal is wirelessly readable, for instance, by a mobile phone.
The sensor monitors ethanol emitted from the spoilage of foods into the headspace of a package.
Ethanol, in addition to carbon dioxide, was found to be the main volatile spoilage metabolite in fresh-cut fruit.
This ethanol sensor can have potential in other applications, such as in alcometers. The sensor layer is part of a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag,
A similar optical readout based on the colour change of the ethanol sensor was developed also for a smartphone.
#Energy-efficient reaction drives biofuel conversion technology A new study from the Department of energy's Oak ridge National Laboratory explains the mechanism behind a technology that converts bio-based ethanol into hydrocarbon blend
Scientists have experimented for decades with a class of catalysts known as zeolites that transform alcohols such as ethanol into higher-grade hydrocarbons.
"For 40 years, everyone thought that these reactions must go first from ethanol to ethylene,
"It has been assumed that you must go from ethanol to ethylene, which is endothermic and requires energy.
"Our method of direct conversion of ethanol offers a pathway to produce suitable hydrocarbon blend-stock that may be blended at a refinery to yield fuels such as gasoline, diesel and jet fuel or commodity chemicals,
and their bases are immersed in a solution of deionized water, ethanol, and a dissolved polymer.
the water-ethanol mixture streams upward, dragging chains of polymer with it. The water and ethanol quickly dissolve, leaving a tangle of polymer filaments opposite each emitter, on the electrode.
The researchers were able to pack 225 emitters, several millimeters long, on a square chip about 35 millimeters on a side.
Corn (Maize)- 43g Sugar cane-36g Sugar beet-34g Wheat (straw as process fuel in CHP plants)- 35g 2g Ethanol (land-using)- 32g 2g Biodiesel (land-using)- 21g 2g Ethanol
since the 2007 legislation targeting ethanol; and in May 2014, Congress blocked yet another energy-efficiency bill that could positively impact the environment,
pyrrole, ferric chloride (Fecl3), ethanol and water--which makes it cheap enough and enables large-scale fabrication,
#Cow Manure to Ethanol Plant Switches On in California's San joaquin valley The San joaquin valley has become America breadbasket over the past few decades.
The recent launch of the Calgren Ethanol Plant in the Tulare County town of Pixley is a step in helping California meet its clean energy goals while addressing the San joaquin valley terrible air pollution.
In addition to generating ethanol biogas will also be produced in order to power the facility, nixing any need to be connected to the local grid.
Mckinney added that the ethanol produced at this plant results in the lowest carbon-emitting ethanol currently refined at an industrial scale throughout California.
and their bases are immersed in a solution of deionized water, ethanol, and a dissolved polymer.
the water-ethanol mixture streams upward, dragging chains of polymer with it. The water and ethanol quickly dissolve, leaving a tangle of polymer filaments opposite each emitter, on the electrode.
The researchers were able to pack 225 emitters, several millimeters long, on a square chip about 35 millimeters on a side.
and their bases are immersed in a solution of deionized water, ethanol, and a dissolved polymer.
the water-ethanol mixture streams upward, dragging chains of polymer with it. The water and ethanol quickly dissolve, leaving a tangle of polymer filaments opposite each emitter, on the electrode.
The researchers were able to pack 225 emitters, several millimeters long, on a square chip about 35 millimeters on a side.
pyrrole, ferric chloride (Fecl3), ethanol and water--which makes it cheap enough and enables large-scale fabrication,
or ethanol, which invariably introduces carbon monoxide into the hydrogen gas. If even minute quantities of carbon monoxide are present in that gas,
ethanol and isopropanol, ordered by decreasing polarity. There wasn't much agglomeration in methanol; bunches got about 30 percent bigger than they were in water.
But in ethanol and isopropanol, the clumps got 400 percent and 600 percent bigger, respectivelyreally humongous bunches.
and projects dedicated to getting'e-ethanol Audi'e-diesel'and Audi'e-benzin'on the market in the coming years,
The first problem researchers tackled is the current multi-step ethanol purification process encountered in biofuel production.
One of the last steps involves the separation of ethanol from water. Researchers found a few all-silica zeolites with superior performance that contain pores
and channels with the ability to accommodate ethanol molecules but to shun hydrogen bonding with water molecules.
and materials science professor Michael Tsapatsis'lab was found to be so effective that it could change the ethanol/water separation process from a multi-step distillation process to a single-step adsorptive process.
The approach could provide a pathway to eventual expansion of biofuels production beyond the current output limited to ethanol derived from corn.
features fermentation and ethanol yields that set a new standard for conversion of biomass sugars from pretreated corn stover--the non-edible portion of corn crops such as the stalk--converting up to 97 percent
Mascoma's C5 FUEL#efficiently converts this xylose into ethanol, and it accomplishes this feat in less than 48 hours.
The finding was presented today at the 31st International Fuel Ethanol Workshop in Minneapolis."The ability to partner the combined expertise at Mascoma
and continued efforts through BESC could go a long way toward reducing the cost of ethanol and growing the number of commercial-level ethanol production plants.
which significantly increases overall sugar yield and thereby increases the level of ethanol produced. In fact
system-level process of clostridial acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation, "explained Ting Lu, an assistant professor of bioengineering at Illinois."Simultaneously,
The doctoral student initially made a suspension of silver nanowires in ethanol using wet-chemistry techniques. She then transferred this suspension with a pipette onto a substrate, in this case a silicon solar cell.
or lubricants should be a significant advantage for biorefineries. ugarcane biorefineries today produce ethanol, sugar and electricity, says PNAS paper co-author Gokhale, a chemical engineer,
and measure the concentration of carbon dioxide and ethanol molecules being exhaled from the body. These molecules give off a certain wavelength
The sensors will act as a tracking system to measure the ratio of carbon dioxide molecules to ethanol molecules produced by the driver.
If the ratio hits a certain threshold of ethanol to carbon, the car won't start.
including ethanol levels in the tissue. If the levels register as 0. 08%or more, the car won't start.
The machine will only be setup to analyze ethanol levels, and take multiple readings to ensure an accurate conclusion.
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