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and eventually opened pores that allowed an uncontrolled influx of ions that ultimately killed the cell.
The company is almost ready to build a $5 billion igafactoryto produce enough lithium-ion batteries to drive down EV prices.
Instead, they are powered by lithium-ion or iron-phosphate batteries that can be recharged from central stations prior to beginning each route or by hydrogen-powered fuel cells.
The BIFIPRO system releases copper and silver ions into the water to eliminate biofilm a breeding ground for harmful bacteria like legionella.
It is equipped with a sensor that accurately monitors the concentration levels of copper and silver ions in water sources and facilities
and"ion mobility spectrometry, "or IMS, which can find traces of explosives, chemical weapons and illicit drugs.
and all of the ions the charged atoms going into and out of brain cells. Potassium and sodium contribute the ions that control electricity in the brain.
Researchers added fundamental physics principles of conservation of energy charge and mass to an older theory of this electricity.
They kept track of the energy required to run a nerve cell and kept count of the ions passing into and out of the cells.
because it has to keep pumping the ions back across cell membranes after each electrical spike.
and the energy required to restore the ions to their proper places is much greater after seizures
and small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) he found that both ionic conditions in the cell
when certain switches turn on. oltage-gated channels are proteins that allow specific ions such as potassium or calcium to flow in and out of cells.
The sun consists of hot plasma made of electrons and ions. Magnetic field lines extend from the solar surface all the way into the corona.
They then employ cage-like crown ethers to capture the potassium ions that would otherwise dampen the nanotubes ability to repel one another.
professor of chemistry at the University of Southern California and corresponding author of the paper published online in the Journal of the Electrochemical Society. ithium ion batteries degrade after around 1,
the phosphorous acid reduces the copper ions to copper nanoparticles. The nanoparticles attract electrons from the silicon wafer surface,
Supercaps must be larger and heavier to store the same amount of energy as lithium-ion batteries.
when considering multifunctional energy storage systems. attery performance metrics change when you re putting energy storage into heavy materials that are needed already for structural integritysays Pint. upercapacitors store ten times less energy than current lithium-ion batteries
it has a high capacity for soaking up lithium ions from the battery fluid during charging and then releasing them
and ions to pass through. Attached to each of the cyclic peptides are two different types of polymers
or ions inside cells. here is an extraordinary amount of activity inside the body to move the right chemicals in the right amounts both into
and out of cellssays Sebastien Perrier professor at the University of Warwick. uch of this work is done by channel proteins for example in our nervous system where they modulate electrical signals by gating the flow of ions across the cell membranehe says.
Until recently the preparation of phosphor materials was more an art than a science based on finding crystal structures that act as hosts to activator ions
and inevitably this impacts phosphor properties adversely. ery few phosphor materials retain their efficiency at elevated temperaturesbrgoch says. here is little understanding of how to choose the host structure for a given activator ion such that the phosphor is efficient and such that
Lithium-sulfur batteries are a promising alternative to today s lithium-ion batteries. here is currently a great need for high-energy long-life
Lithium-sulfur batteries could potentially offer about five times the energy density of today s typically used lithium-ion batteriessays Yingchao Yu a Phd student with Abruã a
. ut we ve found an easy way to do it. nstead of storing energy in chemical reactions the way batteries do upercapsstore electricity by assembling ions on the surface of a porous material.
Supercapacitors still lag behind the electrical energy storage capability of lithium-ion batteries so they are too bulky to power most consumer devices.
because it reacts readily with some of chemicals in the electrolytes that provide the ions that store the electrical charge.
which conducts ions between a battery electrodes, that won break down when the heat is on. Another issue has been finding a separator that won shrink at high temperatures and lead to short circuits.
while allowing ions to pass through). ur innovation has been to identify an unconventional electrolyte/separator system that remains stable at high temperatures,
but also help deliver lithium ions to the nanoparticles. Major hurdle Lab tests showed initial charge capacities of more than 1
Lithium ions tend to expand the material they inhabit, and the material contracts when theye pulled away.
break down and lose their ability to store ions. Other labs at Rice have made breakthroughs that help solve the expansion problem by breaking treated silicon into a powder
Isotopic analysis using secondary ion mass spectrometry was carried out at UCLA. To determine if these inclusions were actually biological in origin the researchers looked at 15 different samples of Farrel Quartzite
The glass can be used as an electrode material in lithium-ion batteries to almost double the amount of time they last between charges.
##The device, powered by rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and worn on the outside, is about three times heavier than a human heart,
#Tesla batteries are powering an energy revolution Solarcity generator Tesla motors lithium-ion battery packs aren t just powering electric luxury sports sedans for wealthy any more.
Another Silicon valley company,#Stem, has begun installing 54-kilowatt-hour lithium-ion battery packs for corporate customers, allowing them to store electricity from the grid
Lithium-ion batteries remain expensive and Rive and Solarcity spokesman Jonathan Bass was sketchy on the details on how the economics pencil out
100 miles between charges using a combination of aluminum-air and lithium-ion storage technologies.#
Compare that to the best, current lithium-ion batteries in the Tesla Model S sedan.
it was outfitted with both an aluminum-air and lithium-ion battery system. The notion behind this was that the EV could run on its lithium-ion charge
when driving on short urban trips of 50 kilometers (31 miles) or less, but when used for longer trips the aluminum-air battery would kick in.
and runs on a rechargeable lithium-ion battery and offers about 8 hours of continuous use.
lithium ions travel from the anode to the cathode through the electrolyte, creating a chemical reaction that allows electrons to be harvested along the way.
In the immediate future, electric cars at least from dominant players Tesla and Nissan are betting on lithium ion chemistry for batteries.
and other components needed for tiny lithium-ion batteries. Other projects include printed sensors fabricated on plastic patches that athletes could one day wear to detect concussions and measure violent impacts.
Also since lithium-ion battery costs have dropped, electric car prices have dropped also, meaning that there are now several electric cars with price tags around $30, 000.
This week Tesla revealed more details about its plans to build a massive the largest of its kind in the world battery factory in the U s. that will produce enough lithium-ion batteries by 2020 to outfit 500,000 electric cars.
In terms of global lithium ion and advanced battery production beyond just for electric cars Tesla so-called igafactoryis still massive;
over 90 percent, are lithium-ion batteries) in 2012. The bulk of those batteries 23 gigawatt hours were for consumer electronics,
Lower-cost lithium-ion batteries could make clean energy much more viable. Pairing battery farms with wind and solar panel farms would enable clean power to store energy
"We demonstrated a collision of an ion Cl with a 2d material Mose2 for 100 femtoseconds.
It's also possible to extend the range by adding extra e-bike type li-ion battery packs.
Fish make calcium carbonate by combining calcium from seawater with carbonate ions generated from CO2 in their bodies.
If the amount of atmospheric CO2 goes up as expected leading to a CO2 increase in the oceans the fish may produce more carbonate ions and thus more calcium carbonate.
The fish's neurons make a protein that fluoresces in response to fluctuations in the concentration of calcium ions,
Researchers have known long that a crucial step in the process is the flow of calcium ions into the synapse area,
These oxygen ions then travel through the membrane to the positively charged anode. There, they react with molecules in the fuel
and even work at lower temperatures around 600°C. Unlike conventional SOFCS the BZY membranes allow the flow not of negatively charged oxygen ions toward the anode,
made solely of positively or negatively charged ions. In the engine, a reservoir of ionic liquid soaks into a porous, metal chip and forms tiny pools in the pores of spikes on its surface.
so that it is strong enough to pull away ions in a steady beam (see below). The process is self-sustaining.
when ions are emitted, just as tree roots suck in water when vapour escapes the leaves. The result is an array of between 500 and 5000 focussed ion beams that stream from each of the eight chips on the Cubesat when the electric field the strength
and carefully shaped magnetic field that stops xenon ions from hitting the engine walls and going to waste.
electrostatic forces to eject streams of ions. The technology has a range of promising applications:
array that generates 10 times the ion current per emitter that previous arrays did. Ion current is a measure of the charge carried by moving ions
which translates directly to the rate at which particles can be ejected. Higher currents thus promise more-efficient manufacturing and more-nimble satellites.
which droplets clumps of molecules rather than ions individual molecules begin streaming off of the emitters.
The ions ejected by Velsquez-Garc a s prototype are produced from an ionic salt that s liquid at room temperature.
Slow the flowwhen the ion current in an emitter gets high enough droplet formation is inevitable.
Increasing an array s ion current is a matter of regulating the flow of the ionic salt up the emitters sides.
and height of the nanotubes the researchers were able to achieve a fluid flow that enabled an operating ion current at very near the theoretical limit.
Typically the interest of this type of emitter is to be able to emit a beam of ions
Using their nanotube forest they re able to get the devices to operate in pure ion mode
The reason you d like to be in ion mode is to have the most efficient conversion of the mass of the propellant into the momentum of the spacecraft t
Instead the changes influenced their electrochemical membrane gradients differences in ion concentrations inside and outside the membrane
Battery pileup ahead One motivation for using the lead in old car batteries is that battery technology is undergoing rapid change, with new, more efficient types, such as lithium-ion batteries,
or pumps that influence electrical activity by controlling the flow of ions in or out of cells.
which provoke calcium ions to stream into each cell as it fires. By engineering fluorescent proteins to glow when they bind calcium,
The system s powertrain includes an electric traction motor a lithium-ion battery advanced power converters
XL Hybrids installs small 1. 8-kwh lithium-ion batteries that provide a 20 percent fuel savings Hynes says.
and an ion crystal. The optical lattice was generated using two laser beams traveling in opposite directions,
an ion crystal essentially, a grid of charged atoms in order to study friction effects, atom by atom.
To generate the ion crystal, the group used light to ionize, or charge, neutral ytterbium atoms emerging from a small heated oven,
and pull the ion crystal across the lattice, as well as to stretch and squeeze the ion crystal,
much like an accordion, altering the spacing between its atoms. An earthquake and a caterpillarin general, the researchers found that
when atoms in the ion crystal were spaced regularly, at intervals that matched the spacing of the optical lattice, the two surfaces experienced maximum friction,
when the ion crystal as a whole is dragged across the optical lattice, the atoms first tend to stick in the lattice troughs,
If enough force is applied, the ion crystal suddenly slips, as the atoms collectively jump to the next trough. t like an earthquake,
and squeeze the ion crystal to manipulate the arrangement of atoms, and discovered that if the atom spacing is mismatched from that of the optical lattice,
as the ion crystal is pulled across the optical lattice, one atom may slide down a peak a bit,
#New manufacturing approach slices lithium-ion battery cost in half An advanced manufacturing approach for lithium-ion batteries, developed by researchers at MIT and at a spinoff company called 24m,
The existing process for manufacturing lithium-ion batteries, he says, has changed hardly in the two decades
for high-energy density devices such as lithium-ion batteries, the extra complexity and components of a flow system would add unnecessary extra cost.
e realized that a better way to make use of this flowable electrode technology was to reinvent the lithium ion manufacturing process. nstead of the standard method of applying liquid coatings to a roll of backing material,
While conventional lithium-ion batteries are composed of brittle electrodes that can crack under stress the new formulation produces battery cells that can be bent,
With traditional lithium-ion production plants must be built at large scale from the beginning in order to keep down unit costs,
and go-no go decisions. iswanathan adds that 24m new battery design ould do the same sort of disruption to lithium ion batteries manufacturing as
To resolve that imbalance you could have other ions come in and bond or have the oxide lose
Now if the oxide surface says'I wish I had more negative charge'instead of the oxide gathering ions from the environment
or by binding ions from the aqueous solution the researchers were able to show the relationship between the polarization of the oxide
An electric field at the nozzle opening causes ions to form on the meniscus of the ink droplet.
The electric field pulls the ions forward deforming the droplet into a conical shape. Then a tiny droplet shears off and lands on the printing surface.
#Nanoparticle network could bring fast-charging batteries (Phys. org) A new electrode design for lithium-ion batteries has been shown to potentially reduce the charging time from hours to minutes by replacing the conventional graphite electrode with a network of tin-oxide nanoparticles.
The anodes in most of today's lithium-ion batteries are made of graphite. The theoretical maximum storage capacity of graphite is limited very at 372 milliamp hours per gram hindering significant advances in battery technology said Vilas Pol an associate professor of chemical engineering at Purdue University.
but rather gold ions",explains Falk Münch, a postdoctoral researcher and supervisor of Felix'Phd thesis. The gold ions that are dissolved in the precipitation bath are transformed into metallic gold after absorbing electrons.
Additional, harmless chemicals are required for the process. But the procedure is green not only because of the nontoxic substances,
Each ion leaves a straight track in the film which then becomes a small hole,
an ion accelerator is needed to generate an ion beam. The TU scientists found the ideal partner for their research in the GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy ion Research at the outskirts of Darmstadt;
Silicon sponge improves lithium-ion battery performance More information: Yang He Daniela Molina Piper Menggu Jonathan J. Travis Steven M. George Se-Hee Lee Arda Genc Lee Pullan Jun Liu
Take the electrode of the small lithium-ion battery that powers your watch for example ideally the conductive material in that electrode would be very small
because it slightly enlarges the interlayer space between MXENE flakes allowing ions to penetrate deep into the electrode;
ions also stay trapped near the MXENE flakes by the polymer. With these conductive electrodes and no liquid electrolyte we can eventually eliminate metal current collectors
and high electrical conductivity and are used in products from baseball bats and other sports equipment to lithium-ion batteries and touchscreen computer displays.
One particular family of lithium-ion batteries composed of nickel cobalt and aluminum (NCA) offers high enough energy density a measure of the stored electricity in the battery that it works well in large-scale and long-range vehicles including electric cars and commercial aircraft.
As the battery cycles lithium ions shuttle back and forth between cathode and anode and leave behind detectable tracks of nanoscale damage.
and began to shift toward disorder down at temperatures below 100 degrees Celsius definitely plausible for a lithium-ion battery's normal operation.
Furthermore positively charged gold ions cause water molecules to orient their H atoms away from the gold
Lithium-ion batteries, though mature and widely utilized, have encountered the theoretical limit and therefore can not meet the urgent need for high energy density.
which are approximately 4 times as much as commercially used lithium-ion batteries, are considered to be strong candidates.
"The areal capacity of commercially used lithium-ion batteries is about 4 mah cm-2,
of microscopic cones that harness electrostatic forces to eject streams of ions. The technology has a range of promising applications:
array that generates 10 times the ion current per emitter that previous arrays did. Ion current is a measure of the charge carried by moving ions
which translates directly to the rate at which particles can be ejected. Higher currents thus promise more-efficient manufacturing and more-nimble satellites.
which droplets clumps of molecules rather than ions individual molecules begin streaming off of the emitters.
The ions ejected by Velsquez-Garca's prototype are produced from an ionic salt that's liquid at room temperature.
When the ion current in an emitter gets high enough droplet formation is inevitable. But earlier emitter arrays those built both by Velsquez-Garca's group and by others fell well short of that threshold.
Increasing an array's ion current is a matter of regulating the flow of the ionic salt up the emitters'sides.
and height of the nanotubes the researchers were able to achieve a fluid flow that enabled an operating ion current at very near the theoretical limit.
Typically the interest of this type of emitter is to be able to emit a beam of ions
Using their nanotube forest they're able to get the devices to operate in pure ion mode
The reason you'd like to be in ion mode is to have the most efficient conversion of the mass of the propellant into the momentum of the spacecraft t
The microscopic lithium-ion batteries are created by taking a silicon wire a few micrometers long and covering it in successive layers of different materials.
Miniature all-solid-state heterostructure nanowire Li-ion batteries as a tool for engineering and structural diagnostics of nanoscale electrochemical processes.
#Researchers uncover properties in nanocomposite oxide ceramics for reactor fuel Nanocomposite oxide ceramics have potential uses as ferroelectrics fast ion conductors
It is in the chemical makeup of these interfaces where we can improve features such as tolerance against radiation damage and fast ion conduction.
Johnson said the company's graphene supercapacitors are reaching the energy density of lithium-ion batteries without a similar energy fade over time.
Our graphene-based supercapacitors charge in just a fraction of the time needed to charge lithium-ion batteries.
and release ions from the electrolyte during charging and discharging. For this study scientists looked at a positive electrode made of billions of nanoparticles of lithium iron phosphate.
and release ions more gently and uniformly. But if only a small percentage of particles sop up all the ions they're more likely to crack
and get ruined degrading the battery's performance. Previous studies produced conflicting views of how the nanoparticles behaved.
Analyzing the data using a sophisticated model developed at MIT the researchers discovered that only a small percentage of nanoparticles absorbed and released ions during charging even
As the discharge rate increased above a certain threshold more and more particles started to absorb ions simultaneously switching to a more uniform and less damaging mode.
with three-dimensional (3d) electron transfer pathways interconnected ion diffusion channels and enhanced interfacial affinity and activity.
Org''Thereby the seamless connection of high-quality aligned CNTS and graphene provided 3d electron transfer pathways and interconnected ion diffusion channels.
pathways and ion diffusion channels and enhanced interfacial affinity and activity as well. Prof. Zhang said Because such design
in which guest molecules or ions are inserted between the carbon layers of graphite to pull the single sheets apart.
#Scientists fabricate defect-free graphene set record reversible capacity for Co3o4 anode in Li-ion batteries Graphene has already been demonstrated to be useful in Li-ion batteries,
Wrapping a large sheet of negatively charged df-G around a positively charged Co3o4 creates a very promising anode for high-performance Li-ion batteries.
A high-performance EC electrode must have high electrical conductivity, a high ion-accessible surface area, a high ionic transport rate and high electrochemical stability.
and ions and enabling the highest gravimetric energy densities of 127 watt hours per kilogram and volumetric energy density of 90 watt hours per liter.
and tested in a three-electrode system to see how well the material could adsorb electrolyte ions (charge) and then release electrolyte ions (discharge).
and monitor the phase transformation that takes place in the cathode as lithium ions move from the cathode to the anode,
Getting as many lithium ions as possible to move from cathode to anode through this process,
pixel by pixel, where lithium ions remain in the material, where they've been removed leaving only iron phosphate,
all the lithium ions are removed leaving only iron phosphate behind, while particles in other areas show no change at all,
retaining their lithium ions. Even in the"fully charged"state, some particles retain lithium and the electrode's capacity is well below the maximum level."
In addition, the lithium-ion batteries that had applied modified graphenes to it, exhibited a higher capacity than the theoretical capacity of graphite
which was used previously in lithium-ion batteries. It presented high chemical stability which resulted in no capacity degradation in charge and discharge experiments.
The scientists initially needed to introduce a determined number of atoms precisely into the wires using ion implantation.
which emits ions instead of light at superior resolution. Like the needle of a record player, the microscopes can trace out the topography of silicon atoms, sensing surface features on the atomic scale.
Moreover, thanks to the inclusion of sulfur atoms, they are cheaper to make and less toxic than conventional lithium-ion power packs.
For example, both the rate and the number of possible charge-discharge cycles need to be increased before the lithium-sulfur battery can become a realistic alternative to lithium-ion batteries.
and ions, are highly dependent on the total surface area available, "as Benjamin Mandlmeier, a postdoc in Bein's Institute and a first co-author on the new study,
biological ion channels played key roles for high efficient energy conversion in organisms due to its nanoscale effect and ion selectivity.
#Bacterial nanometric amorphous Fe-based oxide as lithium-ion battery anode material Leptothrix ochracea is a species of iron-oxidizing bacteria that exists in natural hydrospheres where groundwater outwells worldwide.
but Jun Takada and colleagues at Okayama University discovered unexpected industrial functions of L-BIOX such as a great potential as an anode material in lithium-ion battery.
Takada and colleagues proposed a unique approach to develop new electrode materials for Li-ion battery.
A Potential Lithium-Ion Battery Anode Material. Hideki Hashimoto Genki Kobayashi Ryo Sakuma Tatsuo Fujii Naoaki Hayashi Tomoko Suzuki Ryoji Kanno Mikio Takano and Jun Takada.
because its total charge capacity is 10 times higher than commercial graphite based lithium ion battery anodes.
Silver or copper colloids which gradually release germicidal metal ions into the environment are incorporated in the coating."
The"consumption"of metals to metal ions is then so low that the coating can be effective for several years,
the developers are now looking at increasingly using copper colloids and copper ions as well as silver
Supercaps must be larger and heavier to store the same amount of energy as lithium-ion batteries.
"Supercapacitors store ten times less energy than current lithium-ion batteries, but they can last a thousand times longer.
Riverside Bourns College of Engineering have developed a new way to make lithium-ion batteries that will last three times longer between charges compared to the current industry standard.
The team created silicon dioxide (Sio2) nanotube anodes for lithium-ion batteries and found they had over three times as much energy storage capacity as the carbon-based anodes currently being used.
The paper,"Stable Cycling of Sio2 Nanotubes as High-performance Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries,"was published online in the journal Nature Scientific Reports.
Quoting MIT energy professor Angela Belcher a study co-author an MIT press release notes that with time ticking down on lead-acid batteries in favor of lithium ion cells we need to be thinking ahead on handling a looming toxic waste problem:
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