and Steel (RFCS) has striven to extend existing combustion modelling capabilities to oxy fuel combustion conditions. This should lead to preparation
and pre-engineering of large demonstration power plants in Europe using modern and clean oxy fuel CO2 capture technology in the near future.
Oxy fuel technology was proposed for conventional pulverised coal fired combustion already in the'80s; however, recent developments have led to a renewed interest in the technology, with the ultimate goal of significantly reducing CO2 EMISSIONS via capture.
thereby producing a gas consisting of mainly CO2 and water vapour, which after purification and compression is ready for storage.
The Oxymod project has combined experimental work in Europe's largest oxy fuel testing facilities with model development and implementation,
An extensive database of oxy fuel and air combustion trials in gas-and coal fired testing facilities has been compiled.
Initial validation in 20 kilowatt, 100 kilowatt and 500 kilowatt testing facilities has proved the combustion models developed can predict the more moderate combustion under oxy fuel conditions.
optimal scale up and implementation of oxy fuel technology. And we were successful, "says Project Representative Göran Lindgren, Managing director of Carbon Capture and Storage R&d in Vattenfall AB, Sweden."
the sea anchor had turned a 120,000-tonne fuel tanker and slowed its drift by 58 percent.
or slam into an oil rig, lighthouse or other structure. Supported by an EU grant of#1. 1 million, the Shiparrestor team has developed a three-part system to improve rescue operations.
With dwindling global supplies of oil, recycling offers a powerful means of reducing the amount of petroleum (currently standing at around 8%of global production) required to manufacture plastics, the production
With the vehicles drafting a few metres behind each other, SARTRE short for"Safe Road trains for the Environment"can cut fuel consumption by up to 20%.
lighter, fuel efficient vehicles mean less overall steel use and ultimately less fuel consumption (by some estimates, up to 0. 2 litres per 100 km) and carbon emissions.
Such data includes many measurements such as furnace zone temperatures, gas and air flows, and stock details,
air-to-fuel ratio, furnace zone temperatures and energy distribution. Qualitative evaluations of the SMARTFIRE results have been carried out
"Any fuel energy and cost savings will be accompanied by reductions in emissions such as carbon dioxide. These savings also increase profitability
and power from solar sourcesintegrated with renewable fuels such asbiomass biogas and industrial residues. he thermal energy produced in this plantwill be the energy source in a desalinationunit as well as for the heating
and coolingof the surrounding areasays MATS Projectco-ordinator Fabrizio Fabrizi. he plant willproduce energy n demanddue to theintegration with a backup system containingvarious alternative fuels.
In addition, because many of these materials are derived plastics from fossil fuels, they also increase the impact on climate change.
With the above in mind, a European research project has developed new environmentally friendly materials that can replace oil-based plastic films used in packaging for food
The development of the new packaging products for a global market will make an important contribution towards the reduction of the dependency of the packaging sector on petroleum resources and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
At the very heart of this issue lies the biorefinery the plant where raw materials (generallybiomass) are treated processed andturned into their final product.
Existing biorefineries are limited in the types ofbiomass feedstock they process the technologiesthey apply and the final products they focus on.
Eurobioref is funded an EU project set up toaddress this problem by identifying improvementsin biorefinery design and operation.
Incontrast with previous designs this one wouldbe capable of handling multiple feedstock'sprocessing them in multiple ways (chemicalbiochemical thermochemical) and producingmultiple products from aviation fuels tochemicals polymers and other materials.
but designed generically so as to accommodate new services for other biomedical communities in the short term. neugrid provides integrated and reusable services ranging from simple access to distributed images and clinical data, to advanced imaging pipelines execution and monitoring
However, efficient and reliable pre-combustion capture technologies that can reduce carbon dioxide (CO2 EMISSIONS from fossil fuel power plants at low cost are still missing.
on the other hand, remove the carbon from fuel before combustion and produce hydrogen, which is much more energy efficient,
Membrane Gas Desorption (MGD), Low temperature separation (LT) and the High temperature membrane air separation (ITM. The main finding was that the LT technology was the most economic,
#Biofuels to be processed by oil refineries EU research seeks to run yesterday's refineries on next-gen fuels.
A characteristic of the bio-liquids that are produced compared to crude oil is the high level of oxygenates
and food from existing industries and the processing of upgraded biomass-derived liquids in existing mineral oil refineries.
This enables a seamless integration of biorefinery coprocessing products to the end consumer for products such as transport fuels and chemicals.
The process will also help reducing the production costs of biofuels. According to the project's coordinator Yrj Solantausta There are good opportunities for both new companies because of new technologies being developed
and existing companies because eventually the biorefinery will be integrated into existing industries. Further benefits are expected to include the market diversification for raw and agricultural products.
#From sunlight to jet fuel: EU project makes first'solar'kerosene An EU-funded research project called SOLAR-JET has produced the world's first'solar'jet fuel from water and carbon dioxide (CO2), a promising technology for a better
energy security and turning possibly a greenhouse gas into a useful resource. Researchers have demonstrated for the first time successfully the entire production chain for renewable kerosene,
using concentrated light as a high-temperature energy source. The project is still at the experimental stage,
with a glassful of jet fuel produced in laboratory conditions, using simulated sunlight. However, the results give hope that in future any liquid hydrocarbon fuels could be produced from sunlight
CO2 and water. The process In a first step concentrated light-simulating sunlight-was used to convert carbon dioxide
and water to synthesis gas (syngas) in a high-temperature solar reactor containing metal-oxide based materials developed at ETH Zürich.
The syngas (a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide) was converted then into kerosene by Shell using the established"Fischer-Tropsch"process.
Although producing syngas through concentrated solar radiation is still at an early stage of development, the processing of syngas to kerosene is already being deployed by companies,
including Shell, on a global scale. Combining the two approaches has the potential to provide secure
sustainable and scalable supplies of aviation fuel as well as diesel and gasoline, or even plastics. Fischer-Tropsch derived fuels are certified already
and can be used by existing vehicles and aircraft without modifications of their engines or of fuel infrastructure.
Background The four-year SOLAR-JET project was launched in June 2011 and is receiving#2. 2 million of EU funding from the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7).
The call includes a topic on the development of the next-generation technologies for biofuels and sustainable alternative fuels v
A first investigation deals with gasification of wood. The predicted results include both the pyrolysis process of individual particles and the tar concentration in the gas as a response to the interaction between hot air and wood particles.
These results enable the operation to be estimated for a particular reactor and allow access to details that could not have been gained through measurements alone.
#Synthetic Motor oils from Natural gas Introduced Pennzoil introduced synthetic motor oils formulated from natural gas, Pennzoil Platinum and Pennzoil Ultra Platinum, with Pureplus Technology.
Pennzoil said Pureplus Technology is patented a process that converts pure natural gas into the first-of-its-kind, high quality full synthetic base oil.
crystal clear base oil made from natural gas with fewer of the impurities found in crude oil. The oils are designed to provide coverage on five areas consumers deem as most critical for motor oil performance:
engine cleanliness, fuel economy, conservation of horsepower, wear protection, and performance in extreme temperatures s
#Factory Dairy farms on the Rise in Asia The expansion of industrial dairy farms in Asia could lead to severe consequences for the environment, public health, animal welfare and rural economies, according to a policy paper by Brighter Green.
The policy paper, eyond the Pail: The Emergence of Industrialized Dairy Systems in Asia, forecasts that by 2025 countries in the global south will consume 375 million metric tons of milk and dairy products, nearly twice as much as in 1997.
Earlier this week 57 global companies funds and associations including Unilever Ikea Royal dutch shell and Coca-cola Enterprises signed a letter to support a#robust#2030 energy
As reported in the journal Water Research Gao ground wood chips that were heated then in nitrogen gas but not burned.
It provides essential fuel for their function and it helps them make carbohydrates that are part of glycoproteins
The fat disrupts the process where ordinarily insulin would cause body tissues to correctly absorb glucoseâ##blood sugarâ##and use it as a fuel.
and ordinarilyâ##like a well-tuned car engineâ##they burn fuels including fats and sugars in modest quantities to keep the cells functioning.##
Then you step on the gas so the engine runs full throttle but the car doesn t move.##
##If too much of the fuel in the cell is fat you keep burning it until the fuel gauge reaches empty.
While the low-carb dieters got 41 percent of their calories from fat most were healthy monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats like olive or canola oil.
Organophosphates are found in everything from industrial pesticides to the sarin gas used in chemical warfare. They permanently bond to neurotransmitters in the brain,
which could prevent nerve damage in the event of a gas attack or pesticide exposure and would likely be developed first for military use,
Mice lacking FAT10 had elevated an metabolic rate, burned fat as fuel, and exhibited reduced glucose and insulin levels. he DNA
The result is the first ultrasound imaging agent based on genetically encoded gas-containing structures. Shapiro team utilized photosynthetic microorganisms that form gas nanostructures called as vesicles
which the researchers discovered were excellent imaging agents for ultrasound, with several unique properties making them especially useful in biomedical applications.
BETTER THAN MICROBUBBLES Previously, most ultrasound imaging agents were based on small gas bubbles, which ultrasound can detect
The researchers wanted to find another way of making gas-filled structures that could be nanoscale.
In particular, certain photosynthetic microorganisms regulate their buoyancy by forming protein-shelled gas nanostructures called as vesiclesinside the cell body.
These structures interact with gas in a way that is fundamentally different from microbubbles, allowing them to have nanometer size.
In this study, they discovered that gas vesicles are excellent imaging agents for ultrasound. The researchers showed that they were able to easily attach biomolecules to the gas vesicle surface to enable targeting.
In addition, because these structures are encoded as genes, they now have a chance to modify these genes to optimize gas vesiclesultrasound properties.
Already the team has shown that gas vesicles from different species, which vary in genetic sequence, exhibit different properties that can be used to,
for example, distinguish them from each other in an ultrasound image. The journal Nature Nanotechnology reported the team findings e
or petroleum reservoirs deep underground#places where pressure and temperature could destroy conventional electronic sensors.
As reported in the journal Water Research Gao ground wood chips that were heated then in nitrogen gas but not burned.
and larger colloidal crystals at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 85 degrees C. At room temperature the polymers act as a gas bumping against the larger particles
Lang now a senior researcher at Exxonmobil observes that the finding may have potential in 3d printing.
#This fusion reactor could be cheaper than coal University of Washington Posted by Michelle Ma-Washington on October 16 2014fusion energy almost sounds too good to be true#zero greenhouse gas emissions no long-lived radioactive waste a nearly unlimited fuel supply.
Fusion power designs aren t cheap enough to outperform systems that use fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas.
and oil production also wields control of cellular growth and tumor growth in humans. Christoph Benning professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at Michigan State university and his colleagues unearthed the protein's potential
while seeking ways to improve algae's capacity as a biofuel. Its application in cancer research
versus producing oil. When algae are awake they grow; when they're asleep they produce oil. roducing oil is part of the cells survival strategy
when it's under stresssays coauthor Chia-Hong Tsai a doctoral candidate in the Michigan State-department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory
But to convert them into truly viable biofuel producers we need them to grow and produce oil simultaneously. he secret for making this happen was CHT7 the gatekeeper that cues cells to wake up
or fall asleep. By engineering this protein Benning's team might one day develop an organism that can't figure out how to doze
For biofuels this would remove a major hurdle and gives scientists a way to potentially produce high amounts of oil and biomass.
In terms of human medicine this discovery gives scientists a promising new model to study tumor suppression and growth.
which permits the chemistry of oxygen reduction one of the two needed reactions for operation in a fuel celltour says. he graphene provides the conductive matrix required.
and extraordinarily useful. he team s discovery comes after nearly a century of failed attempts by other labs to compress separate carbon-containing molecules like liquid benzene into an ordered diamondlike nanomaterial. e used the large
at Oak ridge National Laboratory to compress a 6-millimeter-wide amount of benzene a gigantic amount compared with previous experimentssays coauthor Malcolm Guthrie of the Carnegie Institution for Science. e discovered that slowly releasing the pressure after sufficient
The molecule they compressed is benzene a flat ring containing six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms.
During the compression process the scientists report the flat benzene molecules stack together bend and break apart.
of the benzene molecules link themselves together at room temperature to make a thread is shocking to chemists
when the benzene molecule breaks under very high pressure its atoms want to grab onto something else
because the pressure removes all the space between them. his benzene then becomes highly reactive so that when we release the pressure very slowly an orderly polymerization reaction happens that forms the diamond-core nanothread.
alignment of the benzene molecules to guide the formation of this new diamond nanothread material is really interesting
and light materials especially those that could help to protect the atmosphere including lighter more fuel efficient
As more gardeners and farmers add ground charcoal or biochar to soil to both boost crop yields and counter global climate change the study offers the first detailed explanation for this mystery. nderstanding the controls on water movement through biochar-amended soils is critical
A metal bellows about the size of a cantaloupe is filled with a temperature-sensitive gas.
When the gas heats and cools in response to the outside air temperature it expands and contracts causing the bellows to do the same.
and a motor (including fuel) for the assembly carrier to transport the object from one assembly station to the next.
and other life forms with energy and therefore make it the fuel of choice in this artificial system.
which could lead to better canola oil and possibly to less bitter broccoli. Published in the journal Science the findings will help scientists understand how plant genomes evolve in the context of domestication.
Broccoli cauliflower Brussels sprouts Chinese cabbage turnip collared greens mustard canola oil all these are different incarnations of the same plant genus Brassica. hole-genome sequencing efforts like this one allow us to address two fundamental
or tweak the lipid biosynthesis pathway to favorably modify the oil content in rapeseed. Being able to modify the content of bitter-tasting compounds has implications beyond
or parts of it. ith Chinese cabbage for example we don t care too much about its oil content
The hydrogen gas could power fuel cells in zero emissions vehicles. The battery sends an electric current through two electrodes that split liquid water into hydrogen and oxygen gas.
Unlike other water splitters that use precious-metal catalysts the electrodes in the Stanford device are made of inexpensive and abundant nickel
or iridium to achieve that voltage. n addition to producing hydrogen the new water splitter could be used to make chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide an important industrial chemical according to Dai.
Automakers have considered long the hydrogen fuel cell a promising alternative to the gasoline engine. Fuel cell technology is essentially water splitting in reverse.
A fuel cell combines stored hydrogen gas with oxygen from the air to produce electricity which powers the car.
The only byproduct is water unlike gasoline combustion which emits carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas. Most of these vehicles will run on fuel manufactured at large industrial plants that produce hydrogen by combining very hot steam and natural gas an energy-intensive process that releases carbon dioxide as a byproduct.
In 2015 American consumers will finally be able to purchase fuel cell cars from Toyota and other manufacturers.
Although touted as zero emissions vehicles most of the cars will run on hydrogen made from natural gas a fossil fuel that contributes to global warming.
Splitting water to make hydrogen requires no fossil fuels and emits no greenhouse gases. But scientists have yet to develop an affordable active water splitter with catalysts capable of working at industrial scales. t s been a constant pursuit for decades to make low-cost electrocatalysts with high activity
That goal is achievable based on my most recent resultshe researchers also plan to develop a water splitter than runs on electricity produced by solar energy. ydrogen is an ideal fuel for powering vehicles buildings
This shows that through nanoscale engineering of materials we can really make a difference in how we make fuels
The next step is to explore the ultimate sensitivity of this unique technique for gas sensing he technique can measure both the locations of contaminating molecules
of which are made currently from fossil fuels. The problem is that CO2 is extremely stable and reducing it to a reactive and useful form isn t easy. opper has been studied for a long time as an electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction
The experiments showed that the copper foam converted CO2 into formic acid a compound often used as a feedstock for microbes that produce biofuels at a much greater efficiency than planar copper.
but up as long as production is dependent on fossil fuels. he Center for Capture and Conversion of CO2 is a Center for Chemical Innovation funded by the National Science Foundation.
and use it to generate electricity or some other useable energy source such as biofuels. CHARGE SEPARATION It takes about one-third of a second to blink your eye.
This new form of solid stable light-sensitive nanoparticles called colloidal quantum dots could lead to cheaper and more flexible solar cells as well as better gas sensors infrared lasers infrared light emitting diodes and more.
#Material snags CO2 from natural gas Rice university rightoriginal Studyposted by Mike Williams-Rice on June 9 2014scientists have created an Earth-friendly way to separate carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas from natural gas right
Natural gas is the cleanest fossil fuel. Development of cost-effective means to separate carbon dioxide during the production process will improve this advantage over other fossil fuels
and enable the economic production of gas resources with higher carbon dioxide content that would be too costly to recover using current carbon capture technologies says James Tour professor of mechanical engineering and nanoengineering and of computer science at Rice university.
Traditionally carbon dioxide has been removed from natural gas to meet pipelines specifications. The Tour lab with assistance from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) produced the patented material that pulls only carbon dioxide molecules from flowing natural gas
and polymerizes them while under pressure naturally provided by the well. When the pressure is released the carbon dioxide spontaneously depolymerizes
and frees the sorbent material to collect more. All of this works in ambient temperatures unlike current high-temperature capture technologies that use up a significant portion of the energy being produced.
Research on the new material appears in the journal Nature Communications. f the oil and gas industry does not respond to concerns about carbon dioxide
and other emissions it could well face new regulationstour says noting the White house issued its latest National Climate Assessment last month
or use it for enhanced oil recovery to further the release of oil and natural gas. Or they can package
but they had the unfortunate side effect of capturing the desired methane as well and they are far too expensive to make for this application.
and propane molecules that make up natural gas may try to stick to the carbon but the growing polymer chains simply push them off he says.
Apache Corp a Houston-based oil and gas exploration and production company funded the research
#Extra-hairy microbes make biodiesel sustainable With the help of Geobacter microbes, biodiesel plants may be able to stop creating hazardous wastes
and eliminate fossil fuel from their production process. The platform, which uses microbes to glean ethanol from glycerol
and has added the benefit of cleaning up the wastewater, will allow producers to reincorporate the ethanol
and the water into the fuel-making process, says Gemma Reguera, Michigan State university microbiologist and one of the study coauthors. ith a saturated glycerol market,
traditional approaches see producers pay hefty fees to have hauled toxic wastewater off to treatment plants,
she says. y cleaning the water with microbes on-site, wee come up with a way to allow producers to generate bioethanol,
which replaces petrochemical methanol. At the same time, they are taking care of their hazardous waste problem. AIRYBACTERIA The results,
Geobacter are naturally occurring microbes that have proved promising in cleaning up nuclear waste as well in improving other biofuel processes.
These hairlike appendages are the managers of electrical activity during a cleanup and biofuel production. First
The next step, the team searched for partner bacteria that could ferment it into ethanol while generating byproducts that edthe Geobacter.
she adds. ne bacterium ferments the glycerol waste to produce bioethanol, which can be reused to make biodiesel from oil feedstocks.
Geobacter removes any waste produced during glycerol fermentation to generate electricity. It is a win-win situation.
to develop industrial-sized units that could handle the capacities of a full-scale biodiesel plant.
The next step will be field tests with a Michigan-based biodiesel manufacturer i
#New battery turns wasted heat into energy Stanford university rightoriginal Studyposted by Dan Stober-Stanford on May 22 2014researchers have developed a new battery technology that captures low-temperature waste heat
#Cheaper membrane filters natural gas and oil Engineers have developed a new gas separation membrane that could make extracting impurities from oil and natural gases easier and less expensive.
and it has the promise of a less expensive method for producing purer oil, says Wilhite,
or spraying, making it very easy to apply to existing gas separation systems. These films separate molecules based on size
TURNING OURCRUDE WEETTHE oil and gas industry could stand to be one of the main benefactors of the new technology.
Both oil and gas contain impurities that have to be filtered. For example crude oil comes out of the ground with sulfur.
If the amount of sulfur is greater than 0. 5 percent the crude is considered our.
and is used commonly for processing into gasoline, kerosene, and high-quality diesel. raditionally we have operated just off sweet crudes,
In order for the ourcrude to be refined into gasoline the sulfur has to be removed, which is done currently through hydro treating,
an expensive process that in turn leads to higher-priced gasoline. ou need hydrogen in order to sweeten crudes,
The device uses a thumbnail-sized quantum cascade laser (QCL) as well as tuning forks that cost no more than a dime to detect very small amounts of nitrous oxide and methane.
and human activities, such as leakage from natural gas systems and the raising of livestock. uman activities such as agriculture, fossil fuel combustion, wastewater management,
and industrial processes are increasing the amount of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere. he warming impact of methane
For these reasons, methane and nitrous oxide detection is crucial to environmental considerations. QUARTZ TUNING FORK The small QCL has only become available in recent years,
and is far better able to detect trace amounts of gas than lasers used in the past.
When light at a specific wavelength is absorbed by the gas of interest localized heating of the molecules leads to a temperature
and pressure increase in the gas. f the incident light intensity is modulated, then the temperature and pressure will be as well,
That signal is proportional to the gas concentration. The unit can detect the presence of methane or nitrous oxide in just a second
he says. GETTING SMALLER To field test the device, the team installed it on a mobile laboratory used during NASA DISCOVER-AQ campaign, which analyzed pollution on the ground and from the air last September.
Tittel says. his was a milestone for trace-gas sensing, Ren says. ow wee trying to minimize the size of the whole system.
This allowed the astronomers to rule out cloud-free atmospheres made of water vapor methane nitrogen carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.
and use that energy to fuel autonomous walking along the carbon nanotube trackchoi says. The core is made of an enzyme that cleaves off part of a strand of RNA.
and biofuels industries using technology that is already well-established for cellulose-based materials. ome of the byproducts of the paper industry now go to making biofuels
another process to use the leftover cellulose to make a composite materialmoon says. he cellulose crystals are more difficult to break down into sugars to make liquid fuel.
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