Cosmos

Cosmic microwave background (11)
Cosmic ray (10)
Cosmology (12)
Cosmos (24)
Universe (173)

Synopsis: Space: Space generale: Cosmos:

Research into atomic-scale memory focuses on the#ability to move single atoms, one of the smallest particles of any element in the universe.#

"It's not to discover the universe again, or re-invent what is known already, but to learn it properly,

and are expected to be able to peer so deep into the universe so that they could take direct images of relatively small Earthlike worlds some 20-or-so light-years away.

"This technology can potentially also help cancer patients from the side effects of radiation therapy and astronauts from chronic exposure to cosmic rays on their journey to Mars. s

Warhead designers attempt to create blast effects that meet specific criteria. nce you get into detonation physics you open up a whole new universe, James Zunino,

The COSMOS study is looking at cell phone records and the long-term health of 290,000 participants in five countries in Europe including the United kingdom and Sweden.

Studies such as COSMOS are important because they do not rely on participants to recall their cell phone use

However it could take several studies on the scale of COSMOS to really feel more confident in

Electromagnetic waves pervade the universe. We use them every day when we broadcast signals from giant radio towers, cook in microwave ovens,

The array of radio telescopes works together to form a gigantic yepeering into the cosmos. nderstanding the production of organic material at the early stages of star formation is critical to piecing together the gradual progression from simple molecules

This means that these curious events may actually be the dominant producers of calcium in our universe. ne of the weirdest aspects is that they seem to explode in unusual places.

#Big bang swirls hint at universe s birth Mcgill University University of Chicago rightoriginal Studyposted by Steve Koppes-Chicago on December 17 2013a subtle distortion in the oldest

light in the universe may help reveal secrets about the earliest moments in its formation.

Using the South pole Telescope scientists observed twisting patterns in the polarization of the cosmic microwave backgroundâ##light that last interacted with matter very early in the history of the universe less than 400000 years after the big bang. These patterns

The cosmic microwave background is a sea of photons (light particles) left over from the big bang that pervades all of space at a temperature of minus 270 degrees Celsiusâ##a mere 3 degrees above absolute zero.

Measurements of this ancient light have given already physicists a wealth of knowledge about the properties of the universe.

Light from the cosmic microwave background is polarized mainly due to the scattering of photons off of electrons in the early universe through the same process by

To tease out the B modes in their data the scientists used a previously measured map of the distribution of mass in the universe to determine where the gravitational lensing should occur.

The careful study of such B modes will help physicists better understand the universe. The patterns can be used to map out the distribution of mass thereby more accurately defining cosmologically important properties like the masses of neutrinos tiny elementary particles prevalent throughout the cosmos.

Similar more elusive B modes would provide dramatic evidence of inflation the theorized turbulent period in the moments after the big bang

when the universe expanded extremely rapidly. Inflation is regarded a well theory among cosmologists because its predictions agree with observations

but thus far there is not a definitive confirmation of the theory. Measuring B modes generated by inflation is a possible way to alleviate lingering doubt. he detection of a primordial B-mode polarization signal in the microwave background would amount to finding the first tremors of the big bangsays

and squeezing the fabric of the universe would give rise to the telltale twisted polarization patterns of B modes.

and hopefully measure the inflationary B modes underneathhanson says. he lensing signal itself can also be used by itself to learn about the distribution of mass in the universe. ource:

Researchers at the University of Tokyo and Waseda University in Japan found that the rock had been exposed to cosmic rays for only about 1. 2 million years unusually short for rocks originating in the Flora family.

#Densest galaxy is jam-packed with stars Michigan State university right Original Studyposted by Tom Oswald-Michigan State on September 25 2013 Astronomers have discovered the densest galaxy in the nearby universe.

and astronomy at Michigan State university nd is arguably the densest galaxy known in the local universe. s detailed in the recent edition of the publication Astrophysical Journal Letters the ultra-compact dwarf galaxy was found in near

#This discovery of electron neutrino appearance from muon neutrinos by the T2k experiment opens another critical door in our journey to unveil the secrets of our universe.#

because it could help explore a fundamental question of science#why is made the universe up almost exclusively of matter

"Seventy-five percent of the universe is made out of hydrogen. Hydrogen is the most plentiful substance in the universe.

Contrast that now to oil, black gold, one of the rarest of substances on the Planet Earth.

##We need to get the entire universe here to accept how the sausage is made. But once you do that, the entire experience for inbound or outbound, it s better.##

#he discovered#a new kind of geometric shape called an amplituhedron one that hints at a new way of seeing the universe.

the shape does not exist in space-time it does not rely on a conception of the universe that theoretical physicists suspect might be incorrect.

about the universe. We ve known for decades that space-time is doomed, says Arkani-Hamed. We know it is not there in the next version of physics.

even if the two particles exist at opposite ends of the universe as if they are one.

#Nearby star is almost as old as the Universe Astronomers have discovered a Methuselah of stars#a denizen of the Solar system's neighbourhood that is at least 13.2 billion years old and formed shortly after the Big bang."

"We believe this star is known the oldest in the Universe with a well determined age,

and helium#a hallmark of having formed early in the history of the Universe, before successive generations of stars had a chance to forge heavier elements.

the age does not conflict with the age of the Universe, 13.77 billion years. The star's age is therefore at least 13.2 billion years

'the mysterious force that pushes the Universe to expand at an ever-faster rate against the inward pull of gravity.

"It s interesting that this weird feature pops up in the Universe and also in the lab,

"This may be something that cosmologists should look at more closely o

#Memory molecule dethroned For years, a particular protein has been cast as a lynchpin of long-term memory.

parallel universe of unexplored RNAS, says Nikolaus Rajewsky, the lead author of one of the studies and a systems biologist at the Max Delbr#ck Center for Molecular Medicine in Berlin.

and her colleagues sent the first missive from the circular universe. They reported finding a plethora of circular human RNAS

#Planck snaps infant Universe For astronomers, it is the ultimate treasure map. On 21 march, the Planck space telescope team released the highest-precision map yet of the cosmic microwave background (CMB),

the faint but ubiquitous afterglow of the Big bang. Crowning nearly 50 years of CMB study,

the map records the precise contours of the nascent Universe #and in doing so pins down key parameters of the Universe today.

The tiny fluctuations embedded in the CMB map reveal a Universe that is expanding slightly more slowly than had been thought.

That dials back the amount of gravity-countering dark energy to 68.3%of the Universe and adds a little more unseen dark matter to the mix.

It also means that the Universe is a little older: 13.82 billion years old, adding a few tens of millions of years to the previously calculated value.

The map even shows that the number of neutrino flavours permeating the cosmos will probably remain at three#had there been a fourth,

the Universe would have expanded more quickly during its first moments. These results represent refinements of numbers obtained by previous missions such as the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP.

Where the Planck spacecraft, watching the sky from a vantage point 1. 5#million kilometres away,

the Universe grew from a subatomic point to something the size of a grapefruit that then continued to expand at a more stately pace.

This growth spurt would help to explain why the Universe we see today is homogeneous on the largest scales

and carry with them an imprint of the quantum fluctuations that roiled the inflationary Universe.

"All the structures we see in the Universe are coming from these little perturbations, says Paul Shellard, a Planck cosmologist at the University of Cambridge, UK.

SLIDESHOW: Homing in on the cosmic microwave background In 1965, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background.

Their giant but crude microwave receiver saw the radiation as being the same in all directions,

occurring at 2. 7 kelvin. NASA/WMAP SCIENCE TEAMIT was not until the launch of the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) spacecraft that astronomers could begin to see variations in the background, at levels of 1 part in 100,000.

provides a capstone to the study of the cosmic microwave background. But unambiguous confirmation of a cosmic burst of expansion known as inflation remains elusive.

#Planck telescope peers into primordial Universe The Planck space telescope has delivered the most detailed picture yet of the cosmic microwave background, the residual glow of the Big bang. Unveiling the results from the##700-million (US$904-million) European space agency (ESA) probe,

scientists say that the images shed fresh light on the first instants of the Universe s birth and peg the age of the Universe at 13.82 billion years#slightly older than previously estimated."

"For cosmologists, this map is a gold mine of information, says George Efstathiou, director of the Kavli Institute for Cosmology at the University of Cambridge, UK,

and one of Planck s lead researchers. The results strongly support the idea that in the 10##32 seconds or so after the Big bang,

the Universe expanded at a staggering rate#a process dubbed inflation. Inflation would explain why the Universe is so big,

and why we cannot detect any curvature in the fabric of space (other than the tiny indentations caused by massive objects such as black holes).

The cosmic microwave background radiation studied by Planck dates from about 380,000 years after the Big bang, by

which time the Universe had cooled to a few thousand degrees and neutral atoms of hydrogen and helium were beginning to form from the seething mass of charged plasma.

Since the cosmic microwave background was detected first in 1964, two space-based experiments#the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) and the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)# have mapped the tiny temperature variations within it.

Those data have enabled cosmologists to work out when the Big bang happened, estimate the amount of unseen dark matter in the cosmos

and measure the dark energy that is accelerating the expansion of the Universe. Planck, launched in 2009,

is more than three times more sensitive than the WMAP. Its high-frequency microwave detector is cooled to just 0. 1 degrees above absolute zero

These precise measurements show that the Universe is expanding slightly slower than estimated from WMAP's data.

which suggests that the Universe is about 50 million years older than calculated from WMAP images.

The Planck data also implies that dark energy makes up 68.3%of the energy density of the Universe,

The simplest models of inflation predict that fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background should look the same all over the sky.

Since each molecule in the universe absorbs light at different optical frequencies, an odor has its own unique signature. ather than sniffing out a variety of smells as a dog would,

#Rainbow galaxies reveal why cosmos is full of spirals (Image: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/ SMA/CARMA/IRAM/J. Ueda et al.

However most of the galaxies in the universe are shaped pancake disc galaxies such as lenticular galaxies and our own spiral Milky way.

and universe expansion Astronomers have had long a dark secret: one of the cornerstones of the Nobel prizewinning discovery that the expansion of the universe is accelerating had never been tested directly.

The discovery hinged on the assumption that certain kinds of supernovae detonate in thermonuclear explosions that have fixed a amount of energy

In 1998 astronomers used measurements of the distances of various type IA supernovae to show that the expansion of the universe is accelerating

which they attributed to a mysterious dark energy pushing the cosmos apart. Astrophysicists theorised that the reason all type IA supernovae have the same brightness is that they are thermonuclear detonations in

now that we are in an era of precision cosmology says Pérez-Torres. No wonder Kirshner is thrilled to have a nearby type IA to study in detail.

and physics that govern the universe says astronomer Geoff Marcy of the University of California Berkeley.

#Baby model cosmos grows up to look like the real thing A supercomputer simulation has tracked the evolution of the universe from a mere 12 million years after the big bang until the present day.

It is the first to produce realistic-looking galaxies by the thousands and a triumph for our current understanding of the history of the universe.

so complete now that we can make models that predict a universe that just looks like ours.

He and his colleagues modelled a cube of space with sides that stretched to 347 million light years a fraction of the size of the observable universe today.

The resulting cosmos was almost indistinguishable from the real one we see today. As a demonstration the team compared a simulated version of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field observation to the real thing

and distant galaxy have created together a cosmic magnifying glass that could improve our understanding of the universe's expansion and dark matter.

whether and by how much the light from the supernova is being messed with by other things like nearby galaxies or the expansion of the universe.

Schmidt used type 1a supernovae to deduce that the universe's expansion was accelerating a finding that won him the 2011 Nobel prize in physics along with Adam Riess and Saul Perlmutter.

The finding could help investigate dark matter the stuff thought to make up over 80 per cent of our universe's matter.

Such systems could also help in the search to understand dark energy the mysterious entity thought to be behind the acceleration of the universe's expansion.

The ultimate fate of the universe is thought to depend on whether the acceleration is changing. Type 1a supernovae are used already to measure the rate of expansion over time

On 17 march researchers led by John Kovac of Harvard university announced that gravitational waves from the early universe had been found by a telescope called BICEP2 at the South pole.

which suggests that space expanded faster than the speed of light in the first moments after the universe's birth.

or align the electromagnetic fields of photons they came into contact with in the infant universe.

ever since appear in every direction in the sky as the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. But other things apart from gravitational waves such as dust can emit polarised photons.

The discovery should help us better understand how our star interacts with the Milky way including how harmful cosmic rays from interstellar space manage to sneak through the solar system's magnetic barrier.

The heliotail could also be letting cosmic rays in says Brenda Dingus of Los alamos National Laboratory in New mexico who is not on the IBEX team.

It could be that the heliotail is acting as a funnel for cosmic rays allowing them to leak into the solar system where the sun's influence is weakest.

but Miyake found a 1. 2 per cent leap in those years that could only have been caused by extremely high-energy cosmic rays hitting the Earth.

and European trees from the same era while Antarctic ice cores from 775 also have increases in beryllium-10 another isotope caused by cosmic rays.

#Largest structure challenges Einstein's smooth cosmos A collection of galaxies that is a whopping four billion light years long is the biggest cosmic structure ever seen.

The group is roughly one-twentieth the diameter of the observable universe big enough to challenge a principle dating back to Einstein that on large scales the universe looks the same in every direction.

Roger Clowes of the University of Central Lancashire in Preston UK and colleagues discovered the structure using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey the most comprehensive 3d map of the universe.

When Albert Einstein first applied his theory of general relativity to the universe as a whole to make the calculations workable he was forced to assume that one large part looks much like any other large part.

But other evidence such as a controversial stream of galaxies that seem to be moving in the same direction dubbed dark flow is also poking holes in the uniformity of the universe.

The search for such large structures is key to furthering our understanding of the universe

which the universe is supposed to be boring he says. But the cosmological principle is ingrained so that it is hard for researchers to shake.

because it will make cosmology too bloody complicated says Sarkar. Journal reference: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society DOI:

For example it would take the lifetime of the universe for hydrogen the smallest of all atoms to pierce a graphene monolayer.

How much of the universe is black holes? More information: www. surreynanosystems. com/news/19 9

#Researchers demonstrate novel tunable nanoantennas A research team from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign has developed a novel,

#Is it a#true#simulacrum of a blocky quantum universe? Ha no. But considering just how strange the field is that probably wouldn't make for a fun game.

Playing Devil's advocate since 1978the only constant in the universe is change-Heraclitus of Ephesus 535 BC-475 BCREALLY neat

Institute for Astronomy at the University of Hawaii This article was republished with permission from Universe Today o

State-run news agency Ria Novosti has said that it will carry dust monitors and plasma sensors to sense high-energy cosmic rays as well.

is slated to release as a stand-alone game within the Star Citizen universe. Late 2015 Early public testing of the universe will begin as the game s designers pull together various modules. 2016 Star Citizen will become available as a seamless universe with modding tools and the ability for players

to host custom servers. This article originally appeared in the September 2014 issue of Popular Science e

which is close to absolute zero, the coldest temperature possible in the universe. Preparing for launchsince then,

physicists will peer into the resulting particle showers for new discoveries about the universe, said Ryszard Stroynowski, a collaborator on one of the collider's key experiments and a professor in the Department of physics at Southern Methodist University,

Chinese Academy of Sciences. he structure of our universe, such as those giant galaxies and clusters of galaxies, grows by merging smaller systems into larger ones,

and has given rise to a new universe of possibilities for uses of the material. This show unveils a first of its kind optically transparent glass printing process called G3dp.

The only problem of course, has been in handing over the many thousands of dollars needed to purchase an automated robotic telescope that capable of providing clear images of the outer cosmos automatically.

At the flick of a switch, our heroes are flashed in a blur of passing stars to safety elsewhere in the universe.

because it broke one of the basic laws of physics governing the universe. This rule is Sir Isaac newton third law:

#The universe is DYING: Astronomers unveil stark new evidence that shows galaxies'energy is half

what it was two billion years ago The universe is confirmed slowly dying astronomers studying 200,000 galaxies.

'The universe is fated to decline from here on in, like an old age that lasts forever, 'said lead scientist Professor Simon Driver, from the International Centre for Radio astronomy Research (ICRAR) in Western australia.'

'The universe has plonked basically itself down on the sofa, pulled up a blanket and is about to nod off for an eternal doze.'

and model all of the energy generated in the universe today. They will now look into mapping the history of the universe's energy.

All the energy in the universe was created in the Big bang that created the cosmos with some of it locked up as mass.

Stars shine by converting their mass into energy, as described by Albert Einstein's famous equation E=MC squared.

'The fact that the universe is slowly fading has been known since the late 1990s but the new work is the most accurate and prolific study to date.

Space elevator in a tower 12 miles high could one day give astronauts a leg-up into the cosmos

and it's only a matter of time before we will be'beaming'across the universe.

and exploring the fundamental nature of the universe

#HIV breakthrough could lead to a CURE as markers on immune cells identified The way a patient's immune system responds to HIV infection could offer clues as to

their study could be key to confirming the standard model explanation of the universe. This argues that four forces make up the interactions of particles:

it doesn't. Nothing in the universe travels faster than light carrying information--Einstein is still right about that.

#Particle collider creates rimordial gooof the early universe A quark-gluon plasma is the original state of the universe.

is one of the most important questions for early universe cosmology today. That why it so surprising that an American particle collider called the Relativistic Heavy ion Collider (RHIC) was able to create it with very little actual mass.

But the Big bang is thought to have put all the matter in the universe into this state, all that once.

and out of existence can offer a window into the very earliest events in the history of the universe.

NASA/JPL/University of Arizona) ur quest on Mars has been to ollow the water, in our search for life in the universe,

but that will put a ding in the universe, said Cook, looking down occasionally at an ipad on his lap.

while the Google universe seems to be expanding with the announcement by CEO Larry page of a new umbrella company called Alphabet,

which is believed to make up 95 percent of the Universe.""Wee been working hard for years to get to this point,

and 300 fully entangled qubits can manipulate as many classical bits of information as there are atoms in the Universe.

and 300 fully entangled qubits can manipulate as many classical bits of information as there are atoms in the Universe.

and will help scientists better understand the laws of our Universe. The team used ALICE an instrument known for its high-precision tracking

There are many theories regarding the fundamental laws of the universe and the measurements of mass and charge conducted in this experiment are an integral part that will help physicists determine which theory reigns supreme.

Teleporting an object from one point in the universe to another without it moving through the space in between may sound like science fiction pulled from an episode of"Star trek,

which finds that the fundamental building blocks of the universe can essentially exist in two or more places at once.

#Camera for the nano-cosmos: Dresden researchers develop an all-purpose optical method for observing physical,

the largest feature in the universe A Hungarian-US team of astronomers have found what appears to be the largest feature in the observable universe:

a ring of nine gamma ray bursts and hence galaxies-5 billion light years across. The scientists, led by Prof Lajos Balazs of Kokoly Observatory in Budapest,

"Gamma-ray bursts (GRBS) are the most luminous events in the universe, releasing as much energy in a few seconds as the Sun does over its 10 billion year lifetime.

Most current models indicate that the structure of the cosmos is uniform on the largest scales.

This osmological Principleis backed up by observations of the early universe and its microwave background signature

a short timescale compared with the age of the universe. A spheroidal ring projection would mirror the strings of clusters of galaxies seen to surround voids in the universe;

voids and string-like formations are seen and predicted by many models of the cosmos. The newly discovered ring is however at least ten times larger than known voids.

Prof Balazs comments: f we are right, this structure contradicts the current models of the universe.

It was a huge surprise to find something this big and we still don quite understand how it came to exist at all.

or if astronomers need to radically revise their theories of the evolution of the cosmos l

From spontaneous emission of light by excited atoms e g. in a fluorescent tube to influences on the structure of the universe during the Big Bang:

#t bleak The universe is dying he Universe has plonked basically itself down on the sofa,

An international team of astronomers from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly Survey analysed starlight from more than 200,000 galaxies to find the universe is emitting far less energy than it once was.

Prof Driver said the data showed the amount of energy being generated was two times less than the amount of energy that was being generated two billion years ago. hat tells us that the universe is essentially dying,

and moving towards its grand era of retirement after having produced massive bursts of energy early on in the formation of the universe. t now fading and dwindling and diminishing. t will just become a very dark,

Prof Driver added it has been common knowledge the universe has been fading since the late 1990s,

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