Satellites

Communications satellite (8)
Miniaturized satellite (100)
Satellite (309)

Synopsis: Space: Space generale: Satellites:

but next month, 100 miniature satellites like this one will be blasted into orbit. The Kicksat project is run by Zac Manchester

loaded with four stacks of the tiny individual sprite satellites. The mothership is scheduled to launch 22 february,

Nasa is flying Kicksat for free as part of its Educational Launch of Nanosatellites programme. Once in orbit, the Falcon 9 will release the Dragon towards the ISS and,

if 100 tiny satellites end up pinging around the world at high speed in exactly the same orbit as the space station.

ee using a lot of the components that have been developed for smartphones to make these tiny satellites possible.

Manchester confesses. learned the saying from Nasa that you have to have at least as much weight in paperwork as your satellite weighs,

Indeed, paperwork headaches stopped BBC Future sending its own satellite to space. Due to a mix-up, the particular sprite we had planned was loaded not into the mothership

They have mastered satellites, commercial launches, deep space and human space flight#completing EVAS, space rendezvous and dockings.

whether they can sell satellites or landers. Among the other countries, there has been some comment that China has collected a"string of pearls,

#Earlier this year, for example, China's space agency said it launched three satellites to clean up space debris orbiting the Earth:

however, fear that this is actually an anti-satellite weapon programmme, designed to eliminate observation or communication satellites belonging to another country.

The US Department of Defence has stated publicly its concerns. An 83-page Pentagon report on Chinese military developments, issued last May,

#and in particular, harnessing the satellites orbiting above Africa's skies. The pair join various governments and companies now looking to harness space research across the African continent.

In 1970, on behalf of Nasa and with the help of Italian engineers, Kenya launched Uhuru#Swahili for"freedom##the world's first satellite dedicated to celestial X-ray astronomy, from a converted oil platform off its coast.

and launched its first small satellite in 2003. The satellites it put into the space provide everything from high-resolution imagery to monitor the country's shrinking farmland, to cheaper wireless and internet coverage.

Last year, Ghana launched its Space science and Technology Center, to"foster teaching, learning, commercial application of space research,

satellite technology has played a role in everything from telecommunications, broadcasting and GPS mapping to weather forecasting for agriculture and climate monitoring.

a global consulting firm#and satellites have made often it easier to connect remote areas, and hold future promise for cheaper satellite-based mobile broadband.

Satellite mapping has also been used to discover the continents'vast mineral reserves, and recently helped uncover an enormous underground water aquifer in Kenya's driest region.

#The cost of investing in satellite technology may expensive, but the long term cost of purchasing satellite services from external providers can be even more so.

Clooney has been funding the Satellite Sentinel Project (SSP), which he co-founded in 2010, to monitor the military activities of al-Bashir#who is accused of war crimes by the International Criminal court.

and so wants more African satellites up there too. Last year, al-Bashir called on attendees at the 4th African Union Conference for Ministers in charge of Communications

reveal a host of top-secret satellites, such as the intriguingly named Quasar and Intruder. The documents,

provide no specific details on these satellites'capabilities, however. High Power Microwave Weaponsimagine a weapon that can knock out all the computers in a Syrian military command centre without killing a single person.

In June 2013, The french Space agency announced it would switch the satellite off and let it burn up as it re-enters the atmosphere#the usual fate of our mechanical helpers in space.

Tess, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. Due to launch in 2017, when Tess finds a potentially habitable planet,

Mitt Romney heads to Indianapolis today but will appear via satellite to talk with folks toward the convention about veterans issues.

View from space DORIS used the new mapping technologies offered by the Copernicus system of Earth observation satellites operated by the European space agency.

and radar systems for aircraft ships and satellites can be extremely heavy and large so minimizing the size of these systems could provide significant savings.

The trigger-pulling motion for example lets you switch to another browser tab change the map s view from satellite to standard

The computer model demonstrates that the shorter the interval between two explosions in the solar atmosphere the more likely it is that the second flare will be stronger than the first one. he agreement with measurements from satellites is strikingwrite the researchers from ETH Zurich

For the average person this means more sophisticated weather satellites remote controllers satellite communication or pollution detectors. his is a material innovation that s the first part

. or example a series of power harvesting blocks could be assembled to capture the signal from a known set of satellites passing overhead the researchers explain.

Land-based wireless networks rely on radio waves that transmit data via satellites and antennae. Unfortunately radio waves work poorly underwaterâ

The buoys convert the acoustic waves into radio waves to send the data to a satellite which then redirects the radio waves back to land-based computers.

Previous satellite images have shown that this areaart of a larger region called Aeolis Dorsa which is about 1,

a science fiction idea of a space elevator that could connect an orbiting satellite to Earth by a long cord that might consist of sheets of CVD graphene,

When this weather heads in the direction of Earth it can damage satellites endanger astronauts on the International space station and cause power grid outages on the ground.

#Spire wants to improve weather forecasting with tiny satellites will need you a raincoat or shorts tomorrow?

Chances are the weather data you use to determine the answer comes from the roughly 20 satellites orbiting Earth that monitor weather systems.

Spire, a San francisco startup that is currently testing a small group of shoebox-sized satellites, will announce Thursday that it will put its soon-to-launch fleet of commercial satellites to work collecting an unprecedented amount of weather data.

Spire will have 20 satellites orbiting Earth by the end of this year, and at least 100 3. 5 years from now if all goes according to plan.

Together the satellites will eventually provide 100 times more information. e want to take advantage of technology that available,

technology that we have developed, and move weather forecasting into an entirely different realm, CEO Peter Platzer said in an interview.

With more satellites, the experience will be more akin to pulling up Google maps on a mobile device.

Spire satellites will measure the humidity temperature and pressure the three main ingredients of weather forecasting of Earth atmosphere.

The sensors are attached to satellites designed to only last a few years. There are so many that if one fails it doesn take down the entire system,

Spire is among a growing number of startups to be launching large constellations of satellites into space.

After its completion in 2018, this Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) lidar will join the likes of the Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite in studying Earth's vegetation on a global scale."

when combined with the historical record of changes captured by the U s. longstanding program of Earth-orbiting satellites, such as Landsat and MODIS."

GEDI's 3d maps could be combined with maps from other satellites to examine the role forest architecture plays in biodiversity and land use,

Now measuring and application technologies from automatic sprayers to satellites are so cheap and effective,

and satellites to provide internet connectivity to remote corners of the world where installing internet cables is especially difficult.

a company that specializes in photos taken by satellites, for $500 million.##Skybox#boasts that it built

and launched the world s smallest high-resolution imaging satellite, and the company provides data analytics

and build its own fleet of satellites. Over time, we also hope that Skybox s team

The deal comes as big tech companies have become more interested in aerial technology including satellites

Facebook which was said also to be in acquisition talks#with Titan Aerospace has focused on developing drones and satellites as a means for beaming Internet connectivity to more people.

Skybox in November#launched#Skysat-1, a satellite capable of taking 90-second videos at 30 frames per second.

The satellite was to be the first of a fleet of 24 launched to capture views of Tokyo;

Wireless power transmission Space transportation Construction of large structures in orbit Satellite attitude and orbit control Space-based power generation Power management Of these six challenges,

first from DC power to microwaves aboard the satellite, then back to DC again on the ground.

Optimal Satellite Design Two Approaches JAXA researchers are working on two different approaches. The first one involves a huge square panel (measuring over 1 mile per side) that is covered with photovoltaic receptors on the top and transmission antennas on the bottom.

This balancing of forces will keep the satellite in a stable orbit, requiring a less-active control system, saving millions in fuel costs.

the amount of sunlight that hits it varies greatly as the geosynchronous satellite and Earth spin.

but atmospheric satellites could help bring internet access to millions of people, and help solve other problems,

That information is combined with multi-spectral images of fields taken by advanced camera systems from satellites and airplanes.

#How the world's largest satellite network will deliver global Internet access With a majority of the world still without access to the Internet (roughly 60 percent as of 2014) private companies are announcing ambitious plans to close the gap.

and now Richard Branson and Virgin galactic are pursuing microsatellite clusters. Earlier this week the 64-year-old billionaire announced a partnership with satellite-system designers Oneweb to use Virgin galactic's Launcherone rocket to create a massive satellite constellation in space.

The project would deploy a fleet of 648 microsatellites capable of providing low-latency high-speed Internet access directly to small user-based terminals all around the world.

In addition to providing access via current standards (Wifi LTE 3g or 2g connections) the Oneweb network would also give much-needed global emergency and first responder access for natural disasters refugee camps and other humanitarian needs.

Satellite launches are expected to begin in 2017 According to Spacenews Oneweb will overcome the engineering challenge of interference from broadcast satellites already in space with a technique called progressive pitch

which slightly turns the microsatellites to avoid interference. The cluster which would be the world's largest satellite network will then talk to receivers on the ground measuring a tiny 36 centimeters by 16 centimeters

and capable of delivering 50 megabits per second Internet access. As a comparison the average global broadband speed currently is only 21.9 Mbps. Oneweb is expected to cost between $1. 5 billion to $2 billion a relative bargain compared to

a satellite that will monitor natural disasters and measure atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. The extra cash will keep it on schedule for launch before April next year.

Along the way the rover's onboard cameras scan for rocks that are too small for the satellites to catch.

Along the way the rover's onboard cameras scan for rocks that are too small for the satellites to catch.

The Chang'e 5-T1 mission is set to blast off from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan China on 23 october.

For instance people cannot be given sure a satellite was working on the day in question or that the area of land imaged is actually the land at issue.

But most of the work will involve images taken by orbiting satellites especially as recent earth observation start-ups like Planet Labs

#How to cash in on cheap Earth-watching satellites THERE ARE some big plans brewing for small satellites. With hordes of cheap orbiters filling the skies researchers

The satellite's design is an iteration of the diminutive 10-centimetre Cubesats that have been used for scientific research since 2003.

It wants to hire satellites already in orbit to prospect landfill sites for potentially valuable materials.

That's where satellites come in. If the satellite gives us 1000 potential sites from the 25000 in the UK we would then use drone reconnaissance to get a richer picture of say the wood cover

and surface profile Terra Recovery cofounder Greg Fitzgerald said last week at a meeting of the UK government's space business advocacy group in London.

Initially the firm plans to use information collected by European space agency satellites which have a 1-metre resolution.

But it could later switch to satellites like the 28 imaging cubesats that the firm Planet Labs of San francisco already has in orbit.

Planet Labs ultimately wants a fleet of 100 of the tiny satellites enough to refresh its imagery of the entire planet once a day says Arin Jumpasut a Planet Labs imaging engineer.

The great thing about solar wind turbulence is that the satellites sit right inside so it can be observed in exquisite detail says Steve Cowley of the Culham Centre for Fusion energy UK.

#Canada uses satellite to scold Russia over Ukraine Canada has blocked the launch of a satellite aboard a Russian rocket as a result of tensions over Russia's actions in Ukraine.

The M3m satellite was built by Com Dev of Cambridge Ontario under contract for the Canadian space agency (CSA)

and the CSA meanwhile plan to launch the M3m satellite on another rocket. We are confident that the mitigations will be in place prior to the originally planned M3m in service date of September 2014 said Pley.

But unlike the US Canada doesn't have its own vehicles capable of launching a satellite into orbit

For the first time satellites and ground-based detectors have watched as the planet sends out a tendril of plasma to fight off blasts of charged solar matter.

#Japan's huge magnetic net will trawl for space junk SOMEWHERE in Earth's orbit a satellite explodes into a terrifying cloud of debris. Moments later Sandra bullock

Hundreds of thousands of pieces of spacecraft satellites and other equipment from human spaceflight zip around our planet some travelling faster than the speed of sound.

An object 10 centimetres across could catastrophically damage a typical satellite it says. One just 1 centimetre across could disable a spacecraft.

If next month's test launch goes well it plans to build a 10-kilometre-long version to capture satellites that have reached the end of their lives.

Then there is the risk that the net will run into operational satellites. The engineers also worry that the debris they are fighting could fight back.

if it collides with a large satellite. There is a growing trend for organisations to put forward a concept for a debris removal device without considering fully the potential risks involved in deploying

#Boxy Cubesats get a propulsion boost in new space race Tiny liquid volcanoes that spray beams of charged particles could make space history next year.

They are one of two technologies vying to be the first to let cheap, miniature satellites called Cubesats fly in formation,

Paulo Lozano leads a team working on Cubesat propulsion at the Massachusetts institute of technology. He has been given the go-ahead to launch two propelled Cubesats in 2014 one funded by the US Department of defense

the other by private donors. Meanwhile, Benjamin Longmier at the University of Michigan in Ann arbor, who leads a rival project, announced that his team also has private funding

and a slot to launch their Cubesat on a NASA rocket next year. The race is on.

Cubesats are made from off-the-shelf components. The initial aim was to make access to space easier and more affordable.

Although they have made space accessible to groups who wouldn't otherwise have been able to afford it most recently a team of high-school students Cubesats haven't done much cutting-edge science."

Some Cubesats have basic steering, but getting them to change orbits, let alone visit other planetary bodies,

That's because even today's most efficient propulsion method, the ion engine, doesn't scale down to Cubesat size.

The result is an array of between 500 and 5000 focussed ion beams that stream from each of the eight chips on the Cubesat when the electric field the strength

and calculate that just 8 grams of ionic liquid will propel a 2 kilogram Cubesat and change its orbit by 100 kilometres.

the aim is to send such a satellite to an asteroid to collect a scoop of dust.

Their Cubesat Ambipolar Thruster, or CAT, uses xenon, like traditional ion engines. The difference is that the CAT adds an intense

They hope their propelled Cubesats will one day fly to Saturn's moon Enceladus and Jupiter's moon Europa, both

A fleet of Cubesats with propulsion in orbit around a planet or moon can do a lot of things that big expensive satellites cannot, such as monitoring several locations in the atmosphere at once.

Propelled Cubesats could even be useful back here On earth. Creating a universal"satellite Wi-fi""like existing satellite phone coverage,

would require thousands of big satellites, which is prohibitively expensive. But you could dump a thousand Cubesats in one place then spread them out to the right points, for a fraction of the price.

Longmier's team has launched just a second Kickstarter campaign, which could fund some add-ons, including a camera.

and propel the Cubesat next year.""We might have a little space race on our hands,

Established in the 1960s India's space programme has focused so far on aiding the country's development building satellites to spot potential sources of groundwater and monitor deforestation.

Japan's newest rocket scheduled for its maiden voyage this week is designed to be a smaller cheaper way to get science satellites into space.

Still the flicker method could be put to use on NASA's next planet hunter the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) due to launch in 2017.

#Space station poised to launch open-source satellites Want to do your own space experiment? From next week you will be able to run science projects on the world's first open-source satellites.

And it won't break the bank. Ardusat-1 and Ardusat-X were launched to the International space station (ISS) on 3 august aboard a Japanese resupply vehicle

Known as Cubesats each mini satellite packs an array of devices including cameras spectrometers and a Geiger counter into a cube just 10 centimetres to a side.

The cargo ship carrying the Cubesats should arrive at the ISS on 9 august and the satellites will then be deployed using a robotic-arm technique tested last year.

The method can put several small satellites into orbit around Earth eliminating the need for dedicated launch vehicles and making citizen-science missions like Ardusat more affordable.

No one has given people access to satellites in the same way that we're doing with Ardusat says Chris Wake of Nanosatisfi the San francisco company that builds

and operates the satellites. The maiden launch was funded partially by a Kickstarter campaign with backers buying some of the satellites'time slots to run experiments.

If there are enough extra time slots paying customers will also be able to program controls on the satellites

and run experiments for three days for $125 or for a week for $250. The satellites run Arduino an open-source platform popular with hobbyists which will let anyone write code for an app game

or research project that uses the onboard instruments. Projects that will run on the first two Ardusats are yet to be announced

but a list of ideas from the developers includes tracking meteorites and making a 3d model of Earth's magnetosphere.

and build Cubesats for planetary science. This definitely is helping open up space both to all people

The first two satellites will orbit for three to seven months before burning up as they fall to Earth.

with fleets of satellites delivering broadband to under-served areas of the world THE race is on to build a new kind of internet.

with the ultimate goal of ringing the planet with satellites that will allow anyone, anywhere,

But while this ensures the satellites are always in the same spot above Earth it means there is a large time lag in the service,

as radio waves take a quarter of a second to make the round trip up to a geosynchronous satellite and back.

To speed up the service firms are looking at using satellites closer to Earth. This month, Virgin galactic and chip-maker Qualcomm announced their backing of a venture called Oneweb.

This plans to put 648 satellites in orbit about 1200 kilometres above Earth's surface, where the round trip time for radio waves is just a few thousands of a second, fine for any online application.

building and launching 4000 satellites to a similar altitude. That would more than double the number of satellites in orbit.

The race has attracted more than just newcomers. Iridium Communications based In virginia, has provided satellite telephone services and low-bandwidth internet since the late 1990s.

Its existing network of 66 satellites is set to be replaced by a new one called Iridium NEXT.

the new satellites will be capable of delivering high-speed internet on a par with what Oneweb and Spacex envisage.

And O3b, a sister company to Oneweb, already has 12 satellites at an altitude of 8000 kilometres.

an alternative route to customers via satellites will be invaluable. It's not the only reason."

"Will the space around Earth become crowded with all these satellites vying to route our data?"

"I'm not worried about the physical interaction of the satellites as much as what they're using for the transmission.

"Beaming down Radio transmission is the most common way to communicate between satellites and Earth.

lower powered satellites that can still talk to the ground easily.""Radio has been the de facto,

"Companies like O3b and Spacex are planning to launch internet satellites with masses of hundreds of kilograms,

if companies make their equipment small enough to fit in Cubesats small, lightweight satellites that can piggyback on the launches of other vehicles."

"That way every rocket that goes up is kicking off Cubesats, "he says, with each small orbiter perhaps holding only a fraction of a functional communications rig."

"What you want to do is start to self-assemble, "he says. Instead of building large satellites On earth and then fighting gravity to get them in orbit,

the components themselves would be launched, then come together in space to form a light, powerful satellite.

A network of such orbiters should be able to provide coverage that is similar to the signals terrestrial cellular towers already pump out."

or propulsion systems for fist-sized nanosatellites. In the latest issue of the IEEE Journal of Microelectromechanical systems Velsquez-Garc a his graduate students Eric Heubel and Philip Ponce de Leon and Frances Hill a postdoc in his group describe a new prototype

Higher currents thus promise more-efficient manufacturing and more-nimble satellites. The same prototype also crams 1900 emitters onto a chip that s only a centimeter square quadrupling the array size and emitter density of even the best of its predecessors.

Lasers can also move energy between two points such as two satellites. But this requires an uninterrupted continuous path between the transmitter and the receiver

or propulsion systems for fist-sized nanosatellites. In the latest issue of the IEEE Journal of Microelectromechanical systems Velsquez-Garca his graduate students Eric Heubel and Philip Ponce de Leon and Frances Hill a postdoc in his group describe a new prototype

Higher currents thus promise more-efficient manufacturing and more-nimble satellites. The same prototype also crams 1900 emitters onto a chip that's only a centimeter square quadrupling the array size and emitter density of even the best of its predecessors.

or satellites, like replacing one link in a chain given the time-intensiveness of making the new circuits.

and satellites Ozden said. We were investigating possible applications for carbon nanotubes in space when we got this result.

For the average person this means more sophisticated weather satellites remote controllers satellite communication or pollution detectors.

But for routine missions to the ISS or to park a small observational satellite in orbit affordability becomes a critical consideration.

It still won't get the cost down far enough for power satellites to make economic sense.

and the small satellite carrying the planet-viewing telescope so that it could launch more missions more frequently.

and that the satellite now in orbit is in good health. Japan aerospace exploration agency BBC Why do photos of Japan always seem so clean and tidy?

Satellite Signals A wireless device developed by researchers at Duke university that converts microwaves into electricity could eventually harvest Wi-fi or satellite signals for power according to its creators.

or satellites to improve efficiency and make lost energy usable. â##It s possible to use this design for a lot of different frequencies

According to lead researcher David Sandwell both the satellites are tasked with capturing the Earth s gravity field over the oceans.

The satellites orbit the earth and sends out thousands of radar pulses a second Sandwell a#geophysics professor#at Scripps.#

According to the European space agency scientists discovered the gravity change by combining readings from the ESA's GOCE satellite

A 2013 report from the Satellite Industry Association says that satellites made $189. 5 billion in revenue in 2012.

these satellites perform valuable functions for humans on earth. Since the launch of Telstar in 1962, satellites have relayed terrestrial communications,

and today both cars and smartphones rely on GPS satellites to know exactly where they are.

Japan's proposed space force would monitor Earth's orbitals with radar and telescopes, looking for harmful debris that threatens satellites.

This isn't an inherently apolitical, altruistic task. In 2007, regional rival China blew up one of its own satellites,

proving that it can in fact destroy satellites, and creating harmful debris for other geostationary machines.

In May Japan's Aerospace Exploration Agency signed an agreement with the United states where they promised to give information on space debris to U s. Strategic Command.

used geo-locating satellites to calculate target trajectories, so that they could reliably hit the same points on earth from anywhere.

the Department of defense was floating ideas about"Space Control"to make sure that nothing in space threatened the important American satellites already there.

it's unlikely that a new space force means we'll see Japanese war satellites anytime soon.

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