astrocyte

Astrocyte

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as if the astroglial cell ndfeetare arranged as a donut shaped around all the vessels, Benveniste told Bioscience Technology.

n the astroglial endfeet there are special water channels (aquaporin-4 water channels) which are critical for how efficiently the glymphatic system can get rid of waste

The small gap between the astroglial endfeet also act like a ieveso that only waste products of a certain size can access the entire pathway.

called an astrocyte, may play a critical role in health and disease. The study, published in the journal Nature Neuroscience, was funded partially by the National institutes of health (NIH."

"Unexpectedly we may have discovered a hidden pathway to understanding how astrocytes respond to injury and control brain processes.

astrocytes produce greater amounts of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75ntr), a protein that helps cells detect growth factors.

Dr. Akassoglou's lab showed that eliminating the p75ntr gene prevented hydrocephalus in mice genetically engineered to have astrocytes that produce higher levels of TGF-beta.

Eliminating the p75ntr gene also prevented astrocytes in the brains of the mice from forming scars after injuries and restored gamma oscillations

In this study, the researchers discovered that treating astrocytes with TGF-beta freed a small piece of the p75ntr protein to bind to nucleoporins,

and enables astrocytes to enter a reactive state.""This research highlights the importance of the nuclear pore complex in the brain

The scientists used high-resolution microscopes to watch the astrocyte nucleus in action. Nuclear pores that did not have the p75ntr gene were slightly larger than normal.

When the scientists treated astrocytes with TGF-beta, they saw p75ntr proteins bind to nucleoporins

which is essential for TGF-beta to exert its effects on astrocytes. In other experiments, the scientists showed that eliminating p75ntr from astrocytes blocked the transport of Smad2 into the nucleus."Nuclear pores are gatekeepers

and p75ntr appears to be the key to unlocking particular gates,""said Dr. Akassoglou.""We discovered novel roles for both players

GFAP is expressed in cells called astrocytes that gather in high numbers at central nervous system injuries. Astrocytes are a part of the inflammatory process and form a scar tissue,

Borgens said. A 1-2 millimeter patch of the nanowires doped with dexamethasone was placed onto spinal cord lesions that had been exposed surgically,

Whether the reduction in astrocytes had any significant impact on spinal cord healing or functional outcomes was studied not.

However gene expression studies showed that it is churned actually out by non-neuronal cells called astrocytes.

Interested in the relationship between astrocytes synapse formation and disease Eroglu's group showed in 2011 that hevin triggers the formation of new neural connections.

GFAP is expressed in cells called astrocytes that gather in high numbers at central nervous system injuries. Astrocytes are a part of the inflammatory process and form a scar tissue,

Borgens said. A 1-2 millimeter patch of the nanowires doped with dexamethasone was placed onto spinal cord lesions that had been exposed surgically,

Whether the reduction in astrocytes had any significant impact on spinal cord healing or functional outcomes was studied not.