#Proteins could detox pesticides and sarin gas Scientists are developing a way to prevent brain damage among people exposed to poisonous chemicals found in pesticides and chemical weapons.
Even in depressed adults, available treatments and medications are effective only about half the time.
#Gel fights breast cancer with fewer side effects A tamoxifen gel applied to the breast may work as well as a pill form of the drug to slow the growth of cancer cells.
Because the drug is absorbed through the skin directly into breast tissue, less of it enters the blood,
and radiation despite the drug effectiveness to prevent DCIS recurrence and to lower the risk of future breast cancer. elivering the drug though a gel,
if proven effective in larger trials, could potentially replace oral tamoxifen for breast cancer prevention and DCIS and encourage many more women to take it,
effective drug concentrations are required in the breast. For these women, high circulating drug levels only cause collateral damage.
The gel minimized exposure to the rest of the body and concentrated the drug in the breast where it is needed. here was very little drug in the bloodstream,
which should avoid potential blood clots as well as an elevated risk for uterine cancer. Women who have completed surgery
or took the oral drug, but the blood levels of 4-OHT were more than five times lower in those who used the gel.
and half the oral drug, which they took daily. The gel application may also be more effective for some women.
These women may not receive full benefits from the pill. The National Cancer Institute of the National institutes of health and BHR Pharma, LLC supported the research
#Cancer drug helps some women get pregnant A new fertility drug, originally developed to prevent the recurrence of breast cancer,
researchers at seven different academic centers recruited 750 couples to compare the long-used fertility drug clomiphene citrate, commonly called clomid, to letrozole.
Because the drugs were administered in the same wayoth were given for a five-day period at the beginning of a woman cyclehe study was blinded double.
Neither the doctor nor the patient knew which drug the patient was receiving. Clomid works by traveling to the brain, where it partially blocks estrogen receptors.
Generic versions of both medications are available, making treatment with either drug affordable. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development branch of the National institutes of health funded the study.
Source: University of Florid o
#Vaccine triggers alarm to fight dust mite allergy A new vaccine uses a booster normally found in cancer vaccines to combat dust-mite allergies by naturally switching the body immune response.
says Aliasger Salem, professor in pharmaceutical sciences at University of Iowa and a corresponding author of the paper.
much like your mother may have wrapped a bitter pill around something tasty to get you to swallow it.
First author of the paper, in the AAPS Journal, is Vijaya Joshi, a graduate fellow in pharmacy.
Researchers allowed beetle larva to feast on antibiotic-treated leaves and natural leaves and found that on the antibiotic-treated leaves,
the beetles suffered from the plant's anti-herbivore defense, but on the natural leaves the larva gained more weight and thrived.
#Future drugs could entomb malaria parasite Scientists may be able to ntombthe malaria parasite, which would keep it from tapping into resources from surrounding cells and cause its death.
and researchers are working hard to find new drug targets. EAT SHOCKPROTEINS Senior author of the paper published in the journal Nature, Daniel Goldberg,
To their surprise, they stopped all of them. e think this is a very promising target for drug development,
Goldberg says. ee a long way from getting a new drug, but in the short term we may look at screening a variety of compounds to see
Beck notes that researchers at the Burnet Institute neutralized the parasite in a similar fashion by disabling another protein thought to be involved in the passage of proteins through this pore. hat suggests there are multiple components of the process that we may be able to target with drugs
he says. ur findings provide exciting evidence that future pharmaceuticals might aim at this portion of the alcohol target to prevent problems in alcohol abuse disorders.
Unlike drugs such as cocaine, which has a specific target in the nervous system, the effects of alcohol on the body are complex
Such a drug could potentially be used to treat alcoholics because it would counteract the intoxicating
Decreases in stroke incidence and mortality are partly due to more successful control of risk factors such as blood pressure or smoking and to the wide use of statin medications to control cholesterol.
#2 drugs work better than 1 to stop cancer A new combination drug dramatically slows tumor growth in mice with few side effects.
Researchers combined two drugs: a COX-2 inhibitor, similar to the one in Celebrex, and another drug that stops blood vessels from forming.
The combined effect is much more potent than using either drug individually at higher doses,
while seh inhibitors preserve antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory and analgesic compounds. Separate COX and seh inhibitors were previously found to work together in reducing inflammation and neuropathic pain.
the team synthesized the drug (PTUTB), the first combined COX-2/seh inhibitor. They then tested it against human lung and breast tumors, both in vitro and in mice.
They found that the new drug blocked the growth of endothelial cells, which help blood vessels form.
this drug combination could block a number of pathologies, ranging from cardiac hypertrophy to neuropathic pain.
#Oral med wakes up retinal cells so kids can see Tests of a new oral medication show the drug can improve vision in children with an inherited disease that can cause complete blindness
and is currently untreatable. his is the first time that an oral drug has improved the visual function of blind patients with LCA (Leber congenital amaurosis),
The oral drug we tested awakened these cells and allowed patients to see. Ten out of the 14 patients expanded their visual fields;
#Drug cocktail might help diabetics make insulin Combining two different medications could help patients with Type 1 diabetes at least partially regain the ability to produce their own insulin.
and wiped them out with a medication called Thymoglobulin, a drug initially developed for use in organ transplantation.
Then he used a medication called Neulasta, a drug designed to improve the lives of people with certain forms of cancer,
to stimulate the production of new and potentially beneficial immune cells. he treatment is almost like trying to hit the reset button on the immune system,
Haller says. ee trying to wipe out the bad cells and stimulate the good cells at the same time.
if medications are given, there no consistent way to check their effectiveness. As a result many patients with the disease aren diagnosed early enough
#Marijuana may change sperm shape in young men Using cannabis appears to affect the size and shape of spermnd perhaps put young men fertility at riskccording to a new study.
to have used cannabis in the three month period prior to ejaculation. ur knowledge of factors that influence sperm size
although our data suggests that cannabis users might be advised to stop using the drug if they are planning to try
or potential antiviral drugs could interfere with this process, Tamm says. ou have these contacts that need to be made to make the clenching of the fist happenf you could find a molecule that throws a wrench into the gears of that mechanism,
and these chemicals cause pain by acting on an equally diverse group of receptors on the surface of pain-sensing neurons. big problem in our field is that it is impractical to block each of these receptors with a mixture of drugs,
they teamed up with Stephen Frye, director of the Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery at the UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy.
but UNC3230 was the strongest with good potential as a drug candidate. The chemical structure of the molecule can be manipulated to potentially turn it into an even better inhibitor of PIP5K1C.
#Will stroke drug kill? MRI predicts with 95%accuracy A new MRI technique predicts with 95 percent accuracy which stroke victims will benefit from a clot-busting drugnd
The drug tpa is given now to patients only within 4. 5 hours of a stroke onset
improving the drug safety and also potentially allowing us to give the drug to patients who currently go untreated,
says study leader Richard Leigh, assistant professor of neurology and radiology at Johns hopkins university School of medicine. Described in the journal Stroke
however, there is already too much damage to the blood-brain barrier and the drug causes bleeding in the brain, severe injury,
But doctors haven known with any precision which patients are likely to suffer a drug-related bleed.
and alleviate pain with electronics instead of drugs. e need to make these devices as small as possible to more easily implant them deep in the body
and drug delivery systems to apply medicines directly to affected areas, Poon says. The work creates the potential to develop lectroceuticaltreatments as alternatives to drug therapies,
says William Newsome, professor of neurobiology and director of the Stanford Neurosciences Institute. Newsome, who was involved not in Poon experiments
But Yellen and Kim say that still plenty small for their purposes. ou need to analyze thousands of cells to get the statistics necessary to understand which genes are being turned on and off in response to pharmaceuticals or other stimuli
The investigators are currently designing a study to correlate pharmacokineticshe time course of drug metabolismith genotype.
and bacterial films, resistant to antibiotics, can colonize the implant itself. To catch infection early without having to resort to invasive measures could lead to faster treatment. his is a very attractive detection mechanism for monitoring the condition of the implant
#Treatment cuts H1n1 flu deaths in mice A new study reveals that a drug that inhibits a molecule called prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increases survival rates in mice infected with a lethal dose
Despite the worldwide use of vaccination and other antiviral interventions, the flu virus remains a persistent threat to human health.
Divangahi and his team focused on drugs such as aspirin and ibuprofen, commonly used to manage flu-like symptoms.
and fever. ut since these drugs inhibit all prostanoids, each may contribute differently towards the immunity against influenza virus,
mice treated with a compound that inhibits PGE2 showed enhanced antiviral immunity and produced better survival rates following infection with a lethal dose of the flu virus compared with untreated mice. revious studies produced conflicting results due to the inhibition of all prostanoids
Divangahi says. ur findings suggest that different prostaglandins have different roles in antiviral immunity and that specific inhibition of PGE2 will be an effective therapy against influenza viral infection by boosting immune responses. i
That protein could be a good target for antiviral drugs, researchers suggest. Better antiviral drugs could help the millions of people annually infected by flu,
which kills up to 500,000 people each year. When an influenza virus infects a human cell, it uses some of the host cellular machinery to make copies of itself,
such as inhibiting the host synthesis of interferon, a key antiviral protein, Krug says. t means that
FAST-SPREADING EPIDEMICS The need for new antiviral drugs against the influenza virus is great.
antiviral drugs play an important role in fast-spreading epidemics. Yet Influenza a viruses are developing resistance to antiviral drugs currently in use.
Krug and his team discovered that the viral NS1 protein is associated often, or bound together, with the host DDX21 protein in infected human body cells.
Bannasch explains that common breeding practices have made the dog a unique animal model to help understand the genetic basis of naturally occurring birth defects.
chairperson of the department of pharmacology and toxicology in the College of Osteopathic Medicine at Michigan State. here are two kinds of scleroderma, localized and systemic,
Scleroderma many pathways he majority of drug treatments that exist today for fibrosis basically look at reducing just the inflammation,
associate professor of internal medicine at the University of Michigan. here are other drugs that block one or two of the signaling pathways that cause the disease,
Published in the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, the new research could significantly change the quality of life for scleroderma patients
Neubig says. ur research shows promise for the development of a new drug that can reverse the fibrosis process by flipping the main switch on all of the signaling pathways.
By validating this core switch as a viable drug target, we can now continue our work to improve the chemical compounds
#Anticancer drug reverses schizophrenia symptoms in teen mice An experimental anticancer drug appears to reverse schizophrenia-related behavior
one of a class of drugs shown in animal experiments to confer some protection from brain damage due to Fragile X syndrome,
The drug was given in small doses and appeared to be safe for the animals. rugs aimed at treating a disease should be able to reverse an already existing defect as well as block future damage,
and a senior co-author of the study published in Nature Genetics. ince this gene has previously been identified as a target for the development of new drugs, in the future,
we can now envision being able to test new drug candidates in these cells, to screen possible medications proactively instead of having to discover them fortuitously.
Ohea, a professor in the department of cell and developmental biology and director of the University of Michigan Pluripotent Stem Cell Research Lab,
They also hope to develop a way to use the cells to screen drugs rapidly,
#New antibiotic found in horse poop mushroom A fungus that grows on horse dung contains a protein that can kill bacteria.
The substance known as copsin has the same effect as traditional antibiotics but belongs to a different class of biochemical substances.
whereas traditional antibiotics are often non-protein organic compounds. The researchers led by Markus Aebi a mycology professor at ETH Zurich discovered the substance in the common inky cap mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea.
Further research demonstrated that the copsin produced by the mushroom is responsible for this antibiotic effect.
For Aebi the main focus of this research project was not primarily on applications for the new substance. hether copsin will one day be used as an antibiotic in medicine remains to be seen.
and other naturally antibiotic substances for millions of years to protect themselves against bacteria. Why does this work for fungi
while humans have been using antibiotics in medicine for just 70 years with many of them already becoming useless due to resistance?
In addition to being used as an antibiotic in medicine it may also be possible to use copsin in the food industry as well.
because they are the basis for an array of consumer products. For instance colloidal dispersions comprise such everyday items as paint milk gelatin glass and porcelain and for advanced engineering such as steering light in photonics.
and efficiency and it occurs on an ongoing frustrating basis. To help laser systems overcome loss operators often pump the system with an overabundance of photons
The materialâ could be the basis for unique electric generators that are lightweight bendable stretchable #and ultimately wearable. his material#just a single layer of atoms#could be made as a wearable device perhaps integrated into clothing to convert energy from your body movement to electricity
and Stroke (NINDS) part of the National institutes of health. t helps scientists study the dynamics of brain circuits that may explain the neural basis of learning. he researchers recorded neural activity in the subject s motor cortex
Byron M. Yu assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering at Carnegie mellon believes this work demonstrates the utility of BCI for basic scientific studies that will eventually impact people s lives. hese findings could be the basis
what were used in this study to coach patients to generate proper neural activity. he researchers are part of the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (CNBC) a joint program between Carnegie mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh.
#acked yeast may replace painkilling poppies For centuries poppy plants have been grown to provide opium the compound from which morphine
Morphine is one of three principal painkillers derived from opium. As a class they are called opiates.
and Turkey supervised by the International Narcotics Control board which seeks to prevent opiates like morphine for instance from being refined into illegal heroin.
The biggest market for legal opiates and their opioid derivatives is the United states where pharmaceutical factories use chemical processes to create the refined products that are used as painkilling pills.
However poppies are grown not in significant quantities in the United states creating various international dependencies and vulnerabilities in the supply of these important medicines.
It takes about 17 separate chemical steps to make the opioid compounds used in pills.
Remember that it takes about 17 chemical steps to go from poppy to pill. When she began the work in 2004 Smolke started early in the process
or bad crop yieldssmolke says. e ll have more sustainable cost-effective and secure production methods for these important drugs. h
if drugs are counterfeit University of Michigan rightoriginal Studyposted by Kate Mcalpine-Michigan on August 6 2014counterfeit drugs make up to one-third of the pharmaceutical drug market in some countries.
Fake drugs which at best contain wrong doses and at worst are toxic are thought to kill more than 700000 people eachâ year.
While less than 1 percent of the US pharmaceuticals market is believed to be counterfeit it is a huge problem in the developing world. ne challenge in fighting counterfeiting is need the to stay ahead of the counterfeiterssays Nicholas Kotov professor of chemical engineering who led the University
#Scientists are first to detect exciton in metals University of Pittsburgh rightoriginal Studyposted by Joe Miksch-Pittsburgh on June 2 2014humans have used reflection of light from a metal mirror on a daily basis for thousands of years
and optical communications that are the basis for the internet and cable TV. The optical and electronic properties of metals cause excitons to last no longer than approximately 100 attoseconds (0. 1 quadrillionth of a second.
All of a sudden the ability to design technologies at the basis of health entertainment travel and social communication will not be limited by plugs
to enable researchers to model drug interactions that might take months to play out in a compressed time frame.
In coming decades such molecular motors might find uses in drug delivery manufacturing and chemical processing.
new drug-delivery technologies; transparent flexible displays for electronic devices; special filters for water purification; new types of sensors;
but now we have data on almost all the RNA molecules in a cell more than 10000 different RNASASSMANN says. e are the first to determine on a genome-wide basis the structures of the RNA molecules in a plant
In this state they could be used for the development of new drug systems by controlling the transportation of small molecules
and muscle contraction T-cell activation and pancreatic beta-cell insulin release they are a frequent target in the search for new drugs.
which have a wide range of application from membranesâ##for instance for the purification of waterâ##to therapeutic uses including the development of new drug systems. ource:
of physics at University of California Santa barbara. n a pixel-per-pixel basis it s a quantum leap from semiconductor detectors;
because it is the basis of so much of our modern technology and applications. In addition most of the silicon in existing devices remains unused
For example drug smugglers recently have deployed makeshift submarines to clandestinely ferry narcotics long distances underwater. An improved more robust underwater sensor network could help spot these vessels.
and respond as needed perhaps by delivering drugs directly to those cells. Additional co-authors of the paper contributed from University of Washington;
But having an extra chromosome can actually be beneficial in microbes like Cryptococcus where it has been shown to confer drug resistance to the antifungal fluconazole.
just as virulent as the parent suggesting how new properties (drug resistance) and old ones (virulence) could be combined. n interesting feature of aneuploidy is it can be temporarysays Heitman. f at some point it stops being beneficial
which may drive outbreaks of drug resistant pathogenic microbes. eitman is currently looking for aneuploidy in samples from the outbreak of Cryptococcus gattii in the western part of North america to see
and how bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics. Although the researchers refer to the groups of mutations as containing drivers
#We ve also started exchanging ideas and information with scientists facing related challenges such as herbicide resistance in weeds and resistance to drugs in bacteria HIV and cancer.#
and efficacy of new treatments and to test the metabolism and oral absorption of drugs and nutrients."
which means that the drugs and therapies we validate in animal models often fail to be tested effective
therefore significantly accelerate our ability to develop effective new drugs that will help people who suffer from these disorders."
The institute has received also funding to develop a heart-lung micromachine to test the safety and efficacy of inhaled drugs on the integrated heart and lung function,
#Crab shells used to produce cheaper pharmaceuticals Crabs and lobsters...they're not just for eating, anymore.
which chitin is being used to cheaply produce a currently very-expensive source of antiviral drugs.
Many presently-used antiviral drugs are derived from N acetylneuraminic-acid acid, also known as NANA. The substance can synthesized
which kept the whole milking machine process organized on a nicely industrial basis. Unfortunately, despite technocratic hopes, farming is not manufacturing
and it adjusts food supplements, minerals and medicines for each animal. As for the farmer, aside from filling the hoppers,
interconnected modules as the basis for their new Snake Monster and the line of reconfigurable robots promised to follow it.
But in June 2014 the Food and Drug Administration approved the aptly named Freedom Driver.
He works with therapists to sustain his mobility with the Freedom Driver onboard is on a number of blood-thinning medications and eats low sodium meals.
It's an odorless tasteless substance that's classified as a harmless food additive by the US Food and Drug Administration.
Products that use silica-based nanoparticles for biomedical uses such as various chips drug or gene delivery and tracking imaging ultrasound therapy and diagnostics may also pose an increased cardiovascular
#Newly-discovered compound gives hope in fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria Over the past quarter century,
many pharmaceutical companies have turned largely their backs on the quest to develop new antibiotics, blaming difficulties surrounding the clinical trials process
and turning their attention to the more profitable development of so-called"lifestyle drugs.""One company bucking the trend is Novobiotic Pharmaceuticals,
which has announced the discovery of a new class of antibiotic that holds promise for treating drug-resistant superbugs.
It's no secret that the over prescription and overuse of existing antibiotics has led to the increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens,
with the World Health Organisation warning of an impending"post-antibiotic era"where common infections will once again pose the risk of death,
as was the case before the discovery of the first antibiotics in the early 20th century.
As a result, we've seen various research efforts that take a non-antibiotic approach to bacterial infection
such as"ninja polymers"and artificial nanoparticles made of lipids. But this latest breakthrough by researchers from Novobiotic in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Northeastern University in Boston, the University of Bonn in Germany,
shows that antibiotics are still in the fight. The compound is called teixobactin and was discovered using a device called the ichip,
although the screening of soil microorganisms is responsible for the discovery of most antibiotics, only around 1 percent of them will grow in the lab. After the compound was discovered,
The team now hopes to develop teixobactin into a drug.""Our impression is produced that nature a compound that evolved to be free of resistance,
Toyota will consider requests from outside the transportation sector on a case by case basis. Last year,
The law began in the 1970s as part of the early War on Drugs, and while it has spiked in recent years ostensibly to fight terrorism,
#Gelatin Nanoparticles could Deliver Drugs to your Brain Stroke victims could have more time to seek treatment that could reduce harmful effects on the brain thanks to tiny blobs of gelatin that could deliver the medication to the brain non-invasively.
nanoparticles in the journal Drug Delivery and Translational Research. The researchers found that gelatin nanoparticles could be laced with medications for delivery to the brain
and that they could extend the treatment window for when a drug could be effective.
Gelatin is biocompatible biodegradable and classified as#Generally Recognized as Safe#by the Food and Drug Administration.
Once administered the gelatin nanoparticles target damaged brain tissue thanks to an abundance of gelatin-munching enzymes produced in injured regions.
This allows the drug to bypass the blood-brain barrier a biological fence that prevents the vast majority of drugs from entering the brain through the bloodstream.#
#However if drug substances can be transferred along the olfactory nerve cells they can bypass the blood-brain barrier
#To test gelatin nanoparticles as a drug-delivery system the researchers used the drug osteopontin (OPN)
The researchers hope the gelatin nanoparticles administered through the nasal cavity can help deliver other drugs to more effectively treat a variety of brain injuries and neurological diseases.#
#They will be most effective in delivering drugs that cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. In addition they can be used for drugs of high toxicity or a short half-life.#
#Both Choi and Kim are members of the Micro and Nano technology Laboratory at the U. of
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