#See-through one-atom-thick carbon electrodes powerful tool to study brain disorders Researchers from the Perelman School of medicine and School of engineering at the University of Pennsylvania and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia have used graphene
Pinning down the details of how individual neural circuits operate in epilepsy and other neurological disorders requires real-time observation of their locations firing patterns
#Engineers develop prototype of low-cost disposable lung infection detector Imagine a low-cost, disposable breath analysis device that a person with cystic fibrosis could use at home
along with a smartphone to immediately detect a lung infection, much like the device police use to gauge a driver's blood alcohol level.
Timely knowledge of a lung infection would let people with CF or other inflammatory respiratory conditions seek immediate treatment
and thereby prevent life-shortening permanent damage to their already vulnerable airways. Thanks to a nearly $1. 3 million grant from the National Science Foundation
Materials scientist Regina Ragan and electrical engineer Filippo Capolino have created a nano-optical sensor that can detect trace levels of infection in a small sample of breath.
disease detection and more. We built tiny foundries made of stiff DNA to fabricate metal nanoparticles in exact three-dimensional shapes that we digitally planned
These coatings can also help scientists develop highly sensitive multiplex methods of detecting early-stage cancers
and genetic diseases by combining the chemical specificity of the DNA with the signal readout of the metal.
This capability should open up entirely new strategies for fields ranging from computer miniaturization to energy and pathogen detection n
#Drug-infused nanoparticle is right for sore eyes For the millions of sufferers of dry eye syndrome their only recourse to easing the painful condition is to use drug-laced eye drops three times a day.
Now researchers from the University of Waterloo have developed a topical solution containing nanoparticles that will combat dry eye syndrome with only one application a week.
Dry eye syndrome is a more common ailment for people over the age of 50
and to aid our understanding of a range of diseases, "explained Professor Evans. Aside from biological applications,
or to create artificial noses for the early detection of disease or simply to advise you that the milk in your fridge has gone off."
#Targeted nanoparticles that combine imaging with two different therapies could attack cancer other conditions Nanosystems that are'theranostic'they combine both therapeutic and diagnostic functions present an exciting new opportunity for delivering drugs
to specific cells and identifying sites of disease. Bin Liu of the A*STAR Institute of Materials Research
but we are now attempting to use near-infrared laser light to improve the tissue penetration and move toward on-demand cancer therapy.
and treatment of other pathological processes including inflammation and HIV infection. Explore further: Introducing the multitasking nanoparticle More information:
which is known to have therapeutic applications in the treatment of many disorders including cancer. Using EGCG IBN researchers have engineered successfully nanocarriers that can deliver drugs
the combination of carrier and drug also dramatically reduced tumor growth compared with the drug alone.
A key challenge in chemotherapy is ensuring that the drugs are delivered only to the tumor
When injected into the body these carriers act like homing missiles traveling through the body to zoom in on the target cells where they will release the cancer-destroying drugs.
and filtered out of the body by the immune system before it reaches the tumor. Micellar nanocomplexes of less than 100 nanometers in dimension are formed from the OEGCG core
and renal clearance while providing for tumor targeting. The research team conducted animal studies to evaluate the performance of IBN's green tea-based protein delivery system.
The study revealed that IBN's green tea nanocomplex loaded with Herceptin reduced tumor growth much more effectively
Using the new nanocarrier twice as much drug accumulated in the cancer cells indicating an improved tumor targeting ability.
and can boost cancer treatment when used together with the protein drug. Unlike conventional therapy our green tea carrier can eradicate more cancer cells
This invention could pave the way for a better drug delivery system to fight cancer,
A nanosheet with a heat-sensitive polymer could burn surrounding tumors to destroy them functioning as a kind of super-specific chemotherapy.
By encapsulating a dangerous substance such as a cancer-treating drug into a nanosheet doctors can attack very specific parts of the body.
Like cling wrap new biomaterial can coat tricky burn wounds and block out infection More information:
Smart Composite Nanosheets with Adaptive Optical Properties Jeong-Hwan Kim Murtaza Bohra Vidyadhar Singh Cathal Cassidy and Mukhles Sowwan Applied materials & Interfaces2014.
and particles in the air and enzymes molecules and antibodies in the body that could indicate diabetes cancer and other diseases.
#'Stealth'nanoparticles could improve cancer vaccines Cancer vaccines have emerged recently as a promising approach for killing tumor cells before they spread.
Now scientists have developed a new way to deliver vaccines that successfully stifled tumor growth when tested in laboratory mice.
Hiroshi Shiku Naozumi Harada and colleagues explain that most cancer vaccine candidates are designed to flag down immune cells called macrophages and dendritic cells that signal killer T cells to attack tumors.
But recent research has suggested that a subset of macrophages only found deep inside lymph nodes could play a major role in slowing cancer.
When molecules for signaling killer T cells were put inside the nanoparticles they hindered tumor growth far better than existing vaccines.
10.1021/nn502975r Because existing therapeutic cancer vaccines provide only a limited clinical benefit a different vaccination strategy is necessary to improve vaccine efficacy.
We developed a nanoparticulate cancer vaccine by encapsulating a synthetic long peptide antigen within an immunologically inert nanoparticulate hydrogel (nanogel) of cholesteryl pullulan (CHP.
The nanogel-based vaccine significantly inhibited in vivo tumor growth in the prophylactic and therapeutic settings compared to another vaccine formulation using a conventional delivery system incomplete Freund's adjuvant.
heart tissue is unable to repair itself after a heart attack. Now Tel aviv University researchers are literally setting a new gold standard in cardiac tissue engineering.
"We now have to prove that these autologous hybrid cardiac patches improve heart function after heart attacks with minimal immune response,
and are validating assay kits for several other applications in pathogen detection pharmacogenomics and genetic disease screening.
The researchers said their invention could serve as a full-thickness patch to repair defects due to Tetralogy of fallot atrial and ventricular septal defects and other defects without the risk of inducing abnormal cardiac rhythms.
That temporary loss of signal transduction results in arrhythmias. Nanotubes can fix that and Jacot who has a joint appointment at Rice
If there's a hole in the heart a patch has to take the full mechanical stress he said.
fingernail-size mini-labs in mobile analytical devices could test a drop of blood for multiple diseases simultaneously
#Graphene sensor tracks down cancer biomarkers An ultrasensitive biosensor made from the wonder material graphene has been used to detect molecules that indicate an increased risk of developing cancer.
and in elevated levels has been linked to an increased risk of developing several cancers. However 8-OHDG is typically present at very low concentrations in urine so is very difficult to detect using conventional detection assays known as enzyme-linked immunobsorbant assays (ELISAS.
and monitor a whole range of diseases as it is quite simple to substitute the specific receptor molecules on the graphene surface.
Now that we've created the first proof-of-concept biosensor using epitaxial graphene we will look to investigate a range of different biomarkers associated with different diseases and conditions as well as detecting a number of different biomarkers on the same chip.
Generic epitaxial graphene biosensors of ultrasensitive detection of cancer risk biomarker Z Tehrani et al 2014 2d Mater. 1 025004. iopscience. iop. org/2053
More frequent tests could lead to better control of the disease which could lead to an associated reduction in health risks.
and that could significantly enhance clinical breast exams for early detection of cancer. In a newly published article in the journal ACS Advanced Materials & Interfaces, researchers Ravi Saraf and Chieu Van Nguyen describe a thin-film sensor that can detect tumors too small and deep
to be felt with the fingers. In research funded with a grant from the National institutes of health, Saraf and Nguyen perfected a thin film made of nanoparticles and polymers
the researchers ued the film to successfully detect tumors as small as 5 millimeters, hidden up to 20 millimeters deep.
or CBE, doctors manually examine the breast for abnormalities and use their hands to palpate the tissue in search of lumps.
CBE is an important cancer-screening tool. Mammograms, which identify lumps by their density compared to breast tissue,
while the American Cancer Society reports a 94 percent survival rate if breast cancer is diagnosed when tumors are diagnosed at less than 10 millimeters.
Saraf said the thin-film tool would have at least three advantages to a manual breast exam performed by a physician:
This transformative technology enables highly specific low-power high-throughput physiological sensing that can be multiplexed to detect a number of significant disease-specific factors in real time commented Scott Hammond executive director of UCSB's Translational Medicine
#Researcher's nanoparticle key to new malaria vaccine A self-assembling nanoparticle designed by a UCONN professor is the key component of a potent new malaria vaccine that is showing promise in early tests.
For years, scientists trying to develop a malaria vaccine have been stymied by the malaria parasite's ability to transform itself
an infectious disease specialist with the Walter reed Army Institute of Research, has shown to be effective at getting the immune system to attack the most lethal species of malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum,
the world's most advanced malaria vaccine candidate currently undergoing phase 3 clinical trials, which is the last stage of testing before licensing."
"Every single protein chain that forms our particle displays one of the pathogen's protein molecules that are recognized by the immune system,
"The research was published in Malaria Journal in 2013. The search for a malaria vaccine is one of the most important research projects in global public health.
The disease is transported commonly through the bites of nighttime mosquitoes. Those infected suffer from severe fevers, chills,
and a flu-like illness. In severe cases, malaria causes seizures, severe anemia, respiratory distress, and kidney failure.
Each year, more than 200 million cases of malaria are reported worldwide. The World health organization estimated that 627,000 people died from malaria in 2012, many of them children living in Sub-saharan africa.
It took the researchers more than 10 years to finalize the precise assembly of the nanoparticle as the critical carrier of the vaccine
and find the right parts of the malaria protein to trigger an effective immune response. The research was complicated further by the fact that the malaria parasite that impacts mice used in lab tests is structurally different from the one infecting humans.
The scientists used a creative approach to get around the problem.""Testing the vaccine's efficacy was difficult
because the parasite that causes malaria in humans only grows in humans, "Lanar says.""But we developed a little trick.
We took a mouse malaria parasite and put in its DNA a piece of DNA from the human malaria parasite that we wanted our vaccine to attack.
That allowed us to conduct inexpensive mouse studies to test the vaccine before going to expensive human trials."
"The pair's research has been supported by a $2 million grant from the National institutes of health and $2 million from the U s. Military Infectious disease Research Program.
field trials in malaria endemic areas will follow in 2017. The required field trial testing could last five years
Martin Edlund, CEO of Malaria No more, a New york-based nonprofit focused on fighting deaths from malaria,
says,"This research presents a promising new approach to developing a malaria vaccine. Innovative work such as what's being done at the University of Connecticut puts us closer than we've ever been to ending one of the world's oldest
costliest, and deadliest diseases.""A Switzerland-based company, Alpha-O-Peptides, founded by Burkhard, holds the patent on the self-assembling nanoparticle used in the malaria vaccine.
Burkhard is also exploring other potential uses for the nanoparticle, including a vaccine that will fight animal flu
#Handheld scanner could make brain tumor removal more complete reducing recurrence Cancerous brain tumors are notorious for growing back
or none get left behind to form new tumors. The method reported in the journal ACS Nano could someday vastly improve the outlook for patients.
Moritz F. Kircher and colleagues at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center point out that malignant brain tumors particularly the kind known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are among the toughest to beat.
Surgical removal is one of the main weapons doctors have to treat brain tumors. The problem is that currently there's no way to know
and go specifically to tumor cells and not to normal brain cells. Using a handheld Raman scanner in a mouse model that mimics human GBM the researchers successfully identified
Surgeons might be able to use the device in the future to treat other types of brain cancer they say.
Neuroscientists use lightwaves to improve brain tumor surgery More information: Guiding Brain tumor Resection Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanoparticles and a Hand-held Raman Scanner ACS Nano Article ASAPDOI:
10.1021/nn503948abstractthe current difficulty in visualizing the true extent of malignant brain tumors during surgical resection represents one of the major reasons for the poor prognosis of brain tumor patients.
Here we evaluated the ability of a hand-held Raman scanner guided by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles to identify the microscopic tumor extent in a genetically engineered RCAS/tv-a glioblastoma mouse model.
In a simulated intraoperative scenario we tested both a static Raman imaging device and a mobile hand-held Raman scanner.
and correlation with histology showed that SERS nanoparticles accurately outlined the extent of the tumors.
but also detected additional microscopic foci of cancer in the resection bed that were seen not on static SERS images
because it uses inert gold#silica SERS nanoparticles and a hand-held Raman scanner that can guide brain tumor resection in the operating room o
and flexing may aid in our understanding of how changes within a cell can lead to diseases such as cancer.
and how small changes to these processes can lead to diseases such as cancer or Alzheimer's. Researchers from the University of Cambridge have demonstrated how to use light to view individual molecules bending
Many degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Parkinson's cystic fibrosis and muscular dystrophy are believed to originate from damage to the cell membrane.
and other diseases behave at their earliest stages but also many of the fundamental biological processes which are key to all life.
and understand how small changes to these processes can cause disease. Explore further: Synthetic molecule makes cancer self-destruc c
#Mobile phones come alive with the sound of music thanks to nanogenerators Charging mobile phones with sound, like chants from at football ground, could become a reality, according to a new collaboration between scientists from Queen Mary University of London and Nokia.
and brain signaling with the potential to transform our understanding of how the brain worksnd how to treat its most devastating diseases.
This could get around a lot of serious health problems in neurodegenerative diseases in the future.""These disorders, such as Parkinson's, that involve malfunctioning nerve cells can lead to difficulty with the most mundane and essential movements that most of us take for granted:
This inability to see what's happening in the body's command center hinders the development of effective treatments for diseases that stem from it.
which are affected in some neurodegenerative diseases. And it's at this level where the promise of Lieber's most recent work enters the picture.
whose lab is in the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT. The research project tackles a difficult problem in localized drug delivery:
In this specific case the researchers used diclofenac a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is often prescribed for osteoarthritis and other pain or inflammatory conditions.
an illness such as tuberculosis for instance requires at least six months of drug therapy. It's not only viable for diclofenac Hsu says.
With graphene droplets now easy to produce, researchers say this opens up possibilities for its use in drug delivery and disease detection.
potentially paving the way for new methods of disease detection as well.""Commonly used by jewelers,
which is used now in the medical field to detect biomarkers in the early stages of disease.
#Supercomputers reveal strange stress-induced transformations in world's thinnest materials (Phys. org) Interested in an ultra-fast unbreakable and flexible smart phone that recharges in a matter of seconds?
and break under stress. Fortunately researchers have pinpointed now the breaking mechanism of several monolayer materials hundreds of times stronger than steel with exotic properties that could revolutionize everything from armor to electronics.
In this study DFT calculations revealed the materials'atomic structures stress values vibrational properties and whether they acted as metals semiconductors or insulators under strain.
#Self-assembling nanoparticle could improve MRI scanning for cancer diagnosis Scientists have designed a new self-assembling nanoparticle that targets tumours,
to help doctors diagnose cancer earlier. The new nanoparticle, developed by researchers at Imperial College London,
Professor Nicholas Long from the Department of chemistry at Imperial College London said the results show real promise for improving cancer diagnosis."By improving the sensitivity of an MRI examination
which would hopefully improve survival rates from cancer.""""MRI SCANNERS are found in nearly every hospital up and down the country
Dr Juan Gallo from the Department of Surgery and Cancer at Imperial College London said:"
called plasmonic biosensors, could ultimately become a key asset in personalised medicine by helping to diagnose diseases at an early stage.
whose presence or abnormal concentration is caused by a disease. Biomarkers can indicate the presence of diseases long before the appearance of symptoms.
However, currently the detection of these molecules still requires specialised laboratories and is costly. Thanks to the EU-funded research project called NANOANTENNA
and early detection of diseases, done in point-of-care (POC) or bed-side conditions."
Ozden explained that the even distribution of stress along the belly-flopping nanotube which is many times longer than it is wide breaks carbon bonds in a line nearly simultaneously.
Fan calls his approach"a simple stress-based fabrication method"that, when applied to nanoparticle arrays, forms new nanostructures with tunable properties."
This external stress manually induced transitions in the film that synthesized new materials, "he said.
The stress-induced synthesis processes are simple and clean. No thermal processing or further purification is needed to remove reaction byproducts r
These toxic liquid solvents raise many issues for concern including environmental pollution, high cost of disposal, health problems and poisoning during the disposal process.
The method eventually could help patients suffering from genetic conditions, cancers and neurological diseases. In a study published recently by the journal Nature's Scientific Reports,
to heat up and destroy cancer cells in the lab. The team used the new photothermal delivery method in lab experiments to introduce impermeable dyes and small DNA molecules into human prostate cancer and fibroblast sarcoma cells."
vaccinations, cancer imaging and other medical treatments. Currently, the predominant practice is using viruses for delivery to cells.
Koymen, Mohanty and Gu have taken their collaboration to a new level as they keep building toward valuable implications for human health and disease treatment."
"Carbon nanoparticles produced for the cancer study varied from five to 20 nanometers wide. A human hair is about 100,000 nanometers wide.
So, they can be used to enhance contrast of optical imaging of tumors along with that of MRI I
At the 90â°and 45â°impact angles on the other hand fewer atoms were involved in the impact so the stress was concentrated more on fewer atoms.
that's why when bone density decreases, fractures become more likely. But using the right mathematically determined structures to distribute
#Nanotechnology takes on diabetes A sensor which can be used to screen for diabetes in resource-poor settings has been developed by researchers
and tested in diabetic patients, and will soon be tested field in Sub-saharan africa. A low-cost, reusable sensor which uses nanotechnology to screen for
and monitor diabetes and other conditions, has been developed by an interdisciplinary team of researchers from the University of Cambridge, for use both in clinics and home settings.
The sensors use nanotechnology to monitor levels of glucose, lactate and fructose in individuals with diabetes or urinary tract infections
and change colour when levels reach a certain concentration. They can be used to test compounds in samples such as urine, blood, saliva or tear fluid.
Earlier this year, clinical trials of the sensors were carried out at Addenbrooke's Hospital to monitor glucose levels in 33 diabetic patients.
According to the International Diabetes Federation, there are an estimated 175 million undiagnosed diabetic patients worldwide, 80%of
"These sensors can be used to screen for diabetes in resource-poor countries, where disposable test strips and other equipment are simply not affordable,
The researchers are developing a prototype smartphone-based test suitable for both clinical and home testing of diabetes and other clinically relevant conditions."
and adopted as a diagnostic tool for routine diabetes screening, "said Yunuen Montelongo who co-authored the article e
heart problems and deep vein thrombosis has been developed by researchers at the Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (IBN).
"Diseases caused by blood clots can be potentially fatal. Genetic testing can improve the treatment of such medical conditions.
They are used to treat stroke, irregular heartbeat and deep vein thrombosis. Warfarin is the most widely prescribed oral anticoagulant drug.
IBN's test has been validated by the National Cancer Centre Singapore, the National University Cancer Institute Singapore,
what happens under stress. In most thin film transistors, the material starts to crack, which,
For example, defects found in the pathway cause anemia in humans.""Dehydrogenase enzymes are particularly important
and internal bleeding contains gadolinium a rare-earth metal. Recently biomedical researchers have found ways to increase the effectiveness of certain contrast agents by associating them with nanoparticles.
#Ultra-sensitive nano-chip capable of detecting cancer at early stages developed Today the majority of cancers are detected on the macroscopic level
when the tumor is composed already of millions of cancer cells and the disease is starting to advance into a more mature phase.
But what if we could diagnose cancer before it took hold -while it was still only affecting a few localized cells?
It would be like putting a fire out while it was still just a few sparks
An international team of researchers led by ICFO-Institute of Photonic Sciences in Castelldefels announce the successful development of a lab-on-a-chip platform capable of detecting protein cancer markers in the blood using the very latest advances
The device is able to detect very low concentrations of protein cancer markers in blood enabling diagnoses of the disease in its earliest stages.
The detection of cancer in its very early stages is seen as key to the successful diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
This cancer-tracking nanodevice shows great promise as a tool for future cancer treatments not only because of its reliability sensitivity and potential low cost but also because of its easy carry on portable properties which is foreseen to facilitate effective diagnosis and suitable
and if cancer markers are present in the blood they will stick to the nanoparticles located on the micro-channels as they pass by setting off changes in
thus providing a direct assessment of the risk for the patient to develop a cancer.
and treatment monitoring of cancer. In 2009 Prof. Quidant's research group at ICFO in collaboration with several groups of oncologists joined the worldwide effort devoted to the ultra-sensitive detection of protein markers located on the surface of cancer cells and in peripheral blood
which had been determined to be a clear indicator of the development of cancer. In 2010 they successfully obtained funding for the project called SPEDOC (Surface Plasmon Early Detection of Circulating Heat shock proteins and Tumor Cells) under the 7th Framework Program (FP7) of the European commission.
The effort was boosted also by generous philanthropic support from Cellex Foundation Barcelona. Today's announcement is an important outcome of this project t
One chiral form of Thalidomide worked as an effective treatment for morning sickness in early pregnancy,
resulting in more than 10,000 children worldwide being born with serious birth defects, such as shortened or missing limbs.
The structure of these nanometre scale machines is at the heart of our understanding of health and disease,
or DNA sequence from one animal into the genome of another plays a critical role in a wide range of medical researchncluding cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes.
and are a key factor in illnesses that result from animal bites and stings and bacterial infections.
Nanosponge decoy fights superbug infections More information: Paper: Bio-inspired detoxification using 3d-printed hydrogel nanocomposites www. nature. com/ncomms/2014/140full/ncomms4774. htm h
The device was subjected to constant mechanical stress and its performance was evaluated. The fiber supercapacitor continues to work without performance loss even after bending hundreds of times Yu said.
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