and accurately detect a biomarker for prostate cancer, which has a high rate of false positives using conventional diagnostic tools.
#Packaging Cancer drug into Nanoparticles Double Tumor Destroying Efficacy Researchers have packaged a widely used cancer drug into nanoparticles,
more than doubling its effectiveness at destroying tumors. The drug paclitaxel has been used for decades to fight breast, ovarian, lung and other cancers.
But its effectiveness has been limited by its small molecular size and insolubility in water--properties that allow the body to clear the drug too quickly,
reducing its accumulation in tumors. Many molecular packaging systems have been developed to deliver the drug while counteracting these effects, with a protein-bound version of the drug called Abraxane currently the leading therapy.
the Duke team doubled tumor exposure to the drug compared to Abraxane while simultaneously reducing its effects on healthy tissue.
This kept mice with tumors alive significantly longer and, in some cases, completely eradicated the tumors.
and accumulate in tumors where they take advantage of a tumor's acidic environment.""The chemical bonds holding the polypeptide cage together are stable in blood,
but dissolve in a tumor's lower ph levels,"said Jayanta Bhattacharyya, senior researcher in Chilkoti's lab and first author on the paper."
"This delivers the drug directly to the tumor and helps prevent it from randomly absorbing into healthy tissue, reducing side effects."
A second group of mice had human prostate tumors growing under their skin. Similarly, while they did not survive past 60 days
the Duke technology showed a higher concentration of paclitaxel in the tumors with more staying power than Abraxane,
it could be a game-changer for cancer therapy.""In future work, Chilkoti and coworkers will begin applying the packaging system to other cancer drugs with the goal of developing a"one size fits all"technology to improve the effectiveness of many other cancer drugs s
when releasing lithium. his expansion and contraction of aluminum particles generates great mechanical stress, which can cause electrical contacts to disconnect.
Researchers in professor Margaret Frey lab create fibers hundreds of times thinner than a human hair that can capture toxic chemicals and pathogens.
and will diagnose diseases without requiring specialized laboratories particularly useful in regions with limited access to doctors and hospitals.
and allows it to time-release. y allowing rapid detection of disease and preventing agricultural chemical release into the environment,
Understanding how cells release those signals in less than one-thousandth of a second could help launch a new wave of research on drugs for treating brain disorders.
Many mental disorders, including depression, schizophrenia and anxiety, affect neurotransmitter systems,"said Axel Brunger, the study's principal investigator.
Samples taken from a single individual could be analyzed this way, opening applications for disease diagnostics and research.
or not could be used to better understand the progression of disease. any researchers, Saven said,
ave observed these long tangles of aggregated peptides and proteins in diseases like Alzheimer and Parkinson,
and investigate the staging of a disease. An international team of researchers, led by Dr Munitta Muthana from the University of Sheffield's Department of Oncology,
which exploit modified human cells to treat diseases such as cancer, have advanced greatly over recent years.
The study, published today (date) in Nature Communications shows that cancer mouse models injected with immune cells carrying SPIOS and armed with the cancer killing oncolytic virus (OV)
To promote angiogenesis in body parts where blood flow is poor due to diabetes, research has been conducted to develop materials that absorb growth factors
to target legs of diabetes patients with poor blood flow and to effectively regenerate blood vessels.
Amorphous Nanoparticles from Wide Material Range Before Ibuprofen can relieve your headache, it has to dissolve in your bloodstream.
For one, the particles do not seem to degrade over time a problem that plagues the coated nanoparticles. e ran one hundred cycles of writing
#Nanoporous Gold Sponge Detects Pathogens Faster This novel technique enables sensitive DNA detection in compound biological samples e g.,
According to UC Davis researchers, these sponge-like nanoporous gold hold the potential for enabling new devices to detect agents responsible for causing disease in both plants
It almost like a natural sieve. arly identification of disease biomarkers and pathogenic microbes is possible with the swift and sensitive detection of nucleic acids.
Going forward, the team anticipates that their research will be useful in the progress of mini point-of-care diagnostic systems for clinical and agricultural applications. he applications of the sensor are quite broad ranging from detection of plant pathogens to disease biomarkers,
For instance, in human sepsis cases, the illness can be detected early on, thereby preventing any needless treatments as doctors can now establish bacterial contamination much more rapidly than ever before.
if pathogens are present. Pallavi Daggumati, Zimple Matharu, and Ling Wang in the Department of Electrical and Computer engineering at UC Davis were the other authors of the papers.
#Nanoporous Gold Sponge Detects Pathogens Faster A team of researchers from University of California, Davis has proved that nucleic acids can be detected using nanoporous gold,
According to UC Davis researchers, these sponge-like nanoporous gold hold the potential for enabling new devices to detect agents responsible for causing disease in both plants
Early identification of disease biomarkers and pathogenic microbes is possible with the swift and sensitive detection of nucleic acids.
Going forward, the team anticipates that their research will be useful in the progress of mini point-of-care diagnostic systems for clinical and agricultural applications. he applications of the sensor are quite broad ranging from detection of plant pathogens to disease biomarkers
For instance, in human sepsis cases, the illness can be detected early on, thereby preventing any needless treatments as doctors can now establish bacterial contamination much more rapidly than ever before.
if pathogens are present. Pallavi Daggumati, Zimple Matharu, and Ling Wang in the Department of Electrical and Computer engineering at UC Davis were the other authors of the papers.
#Microfluidics Technology-Based Lab-on-a-chip Device Could Reduce Cost of Sophisticated Tests for Diseases Rutgers engineers have developed a breakthrough device that can significantly reduce the cost of sophisticated lab tests for medical disorders
and diseases, such as HIV, Lyme disease and syphilis. The new device uses miniaturized channels and valves to replace"benchtop"assays-tests that require large samples of blood
or other fluids and expensive chemicals that lab technicians manually mix in trays of tubes or plastic plates with cup-like depressions."
Until now, animal research on central nervous system disorders, such as spinal cord injury and Parkinson's disease, has been limited because researchers could not extract sufficient cerebrospinal fluid to perform conventional assays."
The discovery could also lead to more comprehensive research on autoimmune joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis through animal studies.
#Translational Grant for Interaction Study of Laser radiation with Circulating Tumor Cells and Melanin Nanoparticles University of Arkansas for Medical sciences (UAMS) researcher Vladimir Zharov, Ph d.,D. Sc.
was awarded a $1. 7 million grant by the National Cancer Institute for clinical testing of a new technology called Theranostics,
which is an integration of early diagnosis and treatment of melanoma. Zharov is director of the Arkansas Nanomedicine Center at the UAMS Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute and a professor in the UAMS College of Medicine Department of Otolarynology-Head and Neck Surgery.
Zharov has pioneered the development of identifying tumor cellscirculation in the blood stream of melanoma patients by looking directly through the patient veins using a technology called photoacoustic flow cytometry.
This technology uses a special laser that penetrates through the skin and superficial veins and can heat the natural melanin nanoparticles in melanoma circulating tumor cells (CTCS).
The thermal expansion of these nanoparticles generates sound that can be detected with an ultrasound transducer attached to the skin.
This can improve the detection of CTCS by 1000-fold. he goal of this translational research grant is for patients to benefit from the knowledge obtained during our study of the interaction of laser radiation with circulating tumor cells and nanoparticles
After a comprehensive study of all these phenomena in animal models and recently in pilot trails in humans, Zharov and his team are ready to develop a second generation of his technology to detect CTCS in vivo at the earliest stages of cancer. sing Theranostics
we will focus on the most aggressive form of melanoma, which metastasizes at an early disease stage making treatment extremely difficult,
Zharov said. His team will use new high-pulse-rate lasers, which are focused small tiny ultrasound transducers that convert physical qualities into an electrical signal.
Because not all melanoma cells highly express melanin especially in early disease stages, the researchers proposed genetic,
laser and nanotechnological methods to increase diagnostic and therapeutic efficiency. The researchers also discovered that many standard medical procedures especially vigorous manipulation of the tumor,
certain types of biopsies and surgery can trigger the release of cancer cells from a primary tumor into circulation, increasing CTC counts.
So while some treatments can provide temporary positive effects, in the long term CTCS released during a medical procedure may cause the cancer to metastasize.
To prevent this side effect of treatment, the researchers will use a portable photoacoustic flow cytometer,
A similar approach can be used to monitor the effectiveness of the different types of treatment for cancer by counting the CTCS before, during and after therapy.
leading to a decrease in the chances of cancer spreading to other organs. urther study could determine
whether these new cancer treatments are effective enough to be used alone or if they should be used in conjunction with conventional cancer therapy,
Zharov said. The clinical team will first test a large group of healthy volunteers to make sure the treatment does no harm. urprisingly,
Zharov said. t will help to better distinguish melanoma-associated small changes in photoacoustic signals at early disease stages.
A metastatic tumor or hypothetically even a single tumor cell, while undetectable with existing diagnostic techniques, can release specific markers in blood that can be detected with this technique. his is a completely new concept of early cancer diagnosis,
and melanoma could be the first cancer with metastatic spread that could be treatable by well-timed therapy,
Zharov said. As a result of this project, a commercial portable cost-effective photoacoustic flow cytometer will be developed for broad application with cancers as well as infection and cardiovascular diseases by detection of bacteria, viruses,
infected cells and clots with enhanced diagnostic sensitivity and treatment efficiency. n R01 grant from the National institute of health is very difficult to obtain,
the Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, the Jackson T. Stephens Spine & Neurosciences Institute, the Myeloma Institute, the Harvey & Bernice Jones Eye Institute, the Psychiatric Research
#Scientists Genetically Modify White blood cells to Treat Degenerative Neurological disorders As a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease, scientists at the University of North carolina at Chapel hill have created smarter immune cells that produce
or reverse the course of Parkinson's disease. There are only therapies to address quality of life, such as dopamine replacement,
but also reverses the progression of Parkinson's disease.""In addition to delivering GDNF, the engineered macrophages can"teach"neurons to make the protein for themselves by delivering both the tools and the instructions needed:
we harness the natural systems of the body to combat degenerative conditions like Parkinson's disease, "Batrakova said.
#Platelet-Mimicking Nanoparticles Could Effectively Deliver Drugs to Targeted Sites Nanoparticles disguised as human platelets could greatly enhance the healing power of drug treatments for cardiovascular disease and systemic bacterial infections.
"While this proof of principle study demonstrates specific delivery of therapeutic agents to treat cardiovascular disease and bacterial infections,
it also has broad implications for targeted therapy for other diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders,"said Chien.
and certain pathogens such as MRSA bacteria, allowing the nanoparticles to deliver and release their drug payloads specifically to these sites in the body.
platelet-mimicking nanoparticles can also greatly minimize bacterial infections that have entered the bloodstream and spread to various organs in the body.
"We hope to develop platelet-mimicking nanoparticles into new treatments for systemic bacterial infections and cardiovascular disease
The tiny particles can be bound to compounds ranging from calcium tooth building materials to antimicrobials that prevent infection.
while protecting it against further infection that could penetrate the pulp and cause irreversible damage."
a make-or-break figure for those who are struggling with stunted production and less or no profit due to the disease. uring the past 15 years,
The disease starves the tree of nutrients, damages its roots and the tree produces fruits that are green and misshapen,
and the disease has affected already millions of citrus trees in North america. It has recently been found twice in California.
and fatigue has been a deadly disease for metals, "the researchers wrote.""We weaken the constraint of the substrate by making the interface between the Au (gold) nanomesh and PDMS slippery,
may aid efforts to build point-of-care devices for quick medical diagnosis of various diseases ranging from cancer, allergies, autoimmune diseases, sexually transmitted diseases (STDS),
when atoms are brought too close together-to detect a wide array of protein markers that are linked to various diseases.
explains that this novel signaling mechanism produces sufficient change in current to be measured using inexpensive electronics similar to those in the home glucose test meter used by diabetics to check their blood sugar.
allowing us to build inexpensive devices that could detect dozens of disease markers in less than five minutes in the doctor's office
including pathogen detection in food or water and therapeutic drug monitoring at home, a feature which could drastically improve the efficient of various class of drugs and treatments a
such as novel approaches in tackling cancer. Tailored DNA structures could find targeted cells and release their molecular payload (drugs or antibodies) selectively into these cells."
and immediately start the battle against disease. Groundbreaking approach to create nanomaterials The research group lead by Professor Mauri Kostiainen works extensively with DNA NANOSTRUCTURES,
#Novel Microfluidic Hybrid Device Reliably Detects Ebola virus A team led by researchers at UC Santa cruz has developed chip-based technology for reliable detection of Ebola virus and other viral pathogens.
accurate detection of Ebola infections is needed to control outbreaks. Laboratory tests using preparations of Ebola virus
"We are also working to use the same system for detecting less dangerous pathogens and do the complete analysis here at UC Santa cruz
and repair to regulation events in metabolic disorders and cancer.""This new technology has revealed what has been a major unknown in biology,
For example, chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of cancer are linked often chemically to antibodies that recognize antigens found only on the surface of the target tumor.
One obvious and highly promising application is in the production of so-called antibody-drug conjugates (ADCS) for use in tumor therapy.
As mentioned above, ADCS enable cytotoxic agents to be transported directly to the tumor tissue thus minimizing deleterious side-effects."
who is also a professor of radiology, neuroscience, pathology and laboratory medicine at Weill Cornell Medical College.
cumbersome and expensive process of detecting the antibodies that can help with the diagnosis of infectious and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and HIV.
this makes our platform adaptable for many different diseases"."""Our modular platform provides significant advantages over existing methods for the detection of antibodies,"added Prof.
New york. The Jamboxx was designed originally for people with disabilities and enables individual creative expression by allowing users to control a number of music
but will also undoubtedly empower those with disabilities to move beyond current artistic limitations and take advantage of this unique technology
a Scotia resident and quadriplegic, began to look for ways he could remain engaged with the world of music.
many of whom have disabilities, are able to feel empowered and can enjoy countless hours creating music with their Jamboxx,
while giving back to those who may have physical disabilities, but with the right tools, are
#Archaeal Gas Vesicle Nanoparticles Hold Potential to Develop Powerful Malaria Vaccine In a recent breakthrough to combat malaria,
The finding points towards developing a powerful malaria vaccine in the hope of eradicating this debilitating and often fatal disease.
Malaria takes a heavy toll on human lives. About half a million people die every year and several hundred million suffer from this disease across the globe.
To add to the disease burden the malaria parasite is increasingly becoming resistant to commonly used antimalarial drugs.
Development of an antimalarial vaccine is an integral part of an effort to counter the socioeconomic burden of malaria.
Researchers in the malaria labs at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai, India, have identified now a five amino acid segment of a Plasmodium parasite protein that is normally involved in producing energy from glucose.
Work from Prof. Gotam Jarori's lab has shown earlier that this protein, enolase, is a protective antigen
in a recently published paper in the Malaria Journal, they have shown that a small part of this protein,
Interestingly, a subsequent challenge with a lethal strain of mouse malaria parasite in these vaccinated animals showed considerable protection against malaria.
and this work is a significant step forward towards a new malaria vaccine.""This study is a significant advance in the field,
"The small segment of five amino acids that forms a protective epitope is present in all human malaria causing species of Plasmodium and hence,
Efforts are focused now at developing this into an effective vaccine against malaria a
#Miniature Plastic Digital Fluorescence Microscope for use in Rural areas For a project funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grand Challenges in Global Health Initiative,
An abnormally high or low white blood count, for instance, might indicate a bone marrow pathology or AIDS.
The rupturing of white blood cells might be the sign of an underlying microbial or viral infection.
Strangely shaped cells often indicate cancer. While this old simple technique may seem a quaint throwback in the age of high-tech health care tools like genetic sequencing,
#Nanofiber Hydrogel Infused with Snake Venom May Quickly Stop Bleeding A nanofiber hydrogel infused with snake venom may be the best material to stop bleeding quickly, according to Rice university scientists.
and quickly turns into a gel that conforms to the site of a wound, keeping it closed,
It has been used in various therapies as a way to remove excess fibrin proteins from the blood to treat thrombosis and as a topical hemostat.
This is important because surgical bleeding in patients taking heparin can be a serious problem. The use of batroxobin allows us to get around this problem
and injected at the site of a wound, where they reassemble themselves into a gel.
Tests showed the new material stopped a wound from bleeding in as little as six seconds, and further prodding of the wound minutes later did not reopen it.
The new work builds upon the Rice lab's extensive development of injectable hydrogel scaffolds that help wounds heal
"We think SB50 has great potential to stop surgical bleeding, particularly in difficult cases in
passive health and behavioral monitoring paradigm to foster healthy lifestyles or identify early symptoms of certain diseases.
The stress on wind turbine is recorded and then engineers can forecast its remaining service life. When a bearing is subject to a load
and the speed of sound is affected by the stress level in the material. Both these effects change the time of flight of an ultrasound wave through a bearing.
while being worn on the wrist could bridge the communications gap between the deaf and those who don know sign language,
and systems to enable healthy living through health monitoring and disease diagnosis, management and prevention.
Certain diseases, such as lung cancer, can cause patients to give off particular smells; dogs have been known to detect these,
To achieve this, the researchers could program the system to produce proteins that alert immune cells to fight the infection,
a professor of biotechnology and bioengineering at The swiss Federal Institute of technology in Zurich, described this experiment as an legant proof of conceptthat could lead to greatly improved treatments for viral infection. entinel designer cells engineered with the DNA sense
While treating diseases using this system is likely many years away, it could be used much sooner as a research tool,
#Liquid crystals Detect Protein Fibers Associated with Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases Liquid crystals are familiar to most of us as the somewhat humdrum stuff used to make computer displays and TVS.
as detectors for the protein fibers implicated in the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.
"Amyloid fibrils are protein aggregates that are associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases including Huntington's disease, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's,
PET imaging is used widely in the management of cancer patients. Most commonly, an FDG PET scan is carried out to identify areas with high glucose metabolism, such as tumours.
As a result we have managed to lower the radiation dose for cancer patients and our staff and also increase the numbers of scans we are able to carry out, added Ian l
whether it would remove other disease-causing microorganisms.""I would want to see results for protozoa and viruses,
if it could also tackle non-bacterial infections, such as the tiny parasite cryptosporidium which recently caused a health scare in Lancashire.
whether it would remove other disease-causing microorganisms.""I would want to see results for protozoa and viruses,
if it could also tackle non-bacterial infections, such as the tiny parasite cryptosporidium which recently caused a health scare in Lancashire.
was developed by Aprecia Pharmaceuticals to control seizures brought on by epilepsy. The company said that it planned to develop other medications using its 3d platform.
Such methods are already proving very useful in healthcare with doctors using the system to create customised implants for patients with injuries or other conditions.
talks to someone who has dementia? These are vital questions, and the new lab hopes that asking them in a real-life situation will improve their work.
#Definitive tests for irritable bowel syndrome developed at Cedars-Sinai Millions of people afflicted by irritable bowel syndrome can now be diagnosed quickly
and bouts of relentless diarrhea, constipation, or both. Fatigue and the stress of trying to plan one's life around visits to the bathroom can be debilitating.
A multicenter study validating the accuracy of the new blood tests,"Development and Validation of a Biomarker for Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable bowel syndrome in Human Subjects"
was published this week in the journal PLOS ONE. Pimentel will also present the research on Sunday, May 17th, at Digestive Disease Week 2015 in Washington,
D c. Pimentel and fellow researchers studied nearly 3, 000 people, comparing IBS patients to those diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease and those with no GI disease.
The blood tests identified the two antibodies associated with IBS--anti-Cdtb and anti-vinculin--with greater than 90 percent certainty.
or another that the disease was psychological, all in their head,"said Pimentel.""The fact that we can now confirm the disease through their blood,
not their head, is going to end a lot of the emotional suffering I have seen these patients endure."
developed by Pimentel to detect both anti-Cdtb and anti-vinculin antibodies in the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
#New age of genome editing could lead to cure for sickle cell anemia Australia researchers have shown that changing just a single letter of the DNA of human red blood cells in the laboratory increases their production of oxygen-carrying haemoglobin-a world-first
However more research is needed before it can be tested in people as a possible cure for serious blood diseases."
and suffer from life-threatening diseases such as sickle cell anaemia and thalassaemia, which require lifelong treatment with blood transfusions and medication.
#Early warning gene signature for Alzheimer's A'gene signature'that could be used to predict the onset of diseases, such as Alzheimer's,
Such a molecular profile could be useful for distinguishing people at earlier risk of age-related diseases.
This could improve upon the use of chronological age and complement traditional indicators of disease, such as blood pressure.
'The signature was found to be a reliable predictor for risk of age-related disease when studying RNA from tissues including human muscle, brain and skin.
In particular, they demonstrated that patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease had altered an'healthy ageing'RNA signature in their blood,
and therefore a lower healthy age gene score, suggesting significant association with the disease. Timmons added:"
and the brain regions associated with dementia, and it can help contribute to a dementia diagnosis. This also provides strong evidence that dementia in humans could be called a type of'accelerated ageing
'or'failure to activate the healthy ageing program'."'"Given that early intervention is important in Alzheimer's
The method opens up unexpected possibilities for understanding diseases and drug mechanisms. The study's findings are reported in the September 7 issue of Nature Methods.
"This new functionality will improve our ability to decipher the complex relationships between interdependent genes responsible for many diseases,
-while safeguarding the"microbial workers"from infection by other microbes and pathogens.""Cas9 has emerged as a revolutionary tool allowing us to conquer new biomedical and industrial territory.
or mechanical stress on the chromosomes into which our genetic material is packaged. To make sure cells stay alive
--and such chromosome fusions can lead to diseases such as cancer. To learn more about the process, Kapoor,
MURATA Yoji at the Kobe University Graduate school of Medicine Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, were the first to demonstrate the role of stomach cancer-associated protein tyrosine phosphatase (SAP)- 1 in the pathogenesis and prevention of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis,
are expected to accelerate the development of targeted therapies for inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases. Inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are disorders of unknown etiology that are characterized often by abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stool, fever,
and weight loss. These symptoms frequently interfere with activities of daily living and place patients at an elevated risk of mortality.
Patients are associated also with a high risk of developing colorectal cancer. In Japan, there are an estimated 200,000 patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis,
who qualify for the special Government-led medical assistance system for intractable diseases. Currently the administration of anti-inflammatory agents only provides palliative results,
and the medical community is awaiting new definitive therapies. Although recent studies have demonstrated that intestinal epithelial cells play a critical role in regulating bowel inflammation,
Here, they showed that SAP-1 ablation in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease resulted in a marked increase in the incidence and severity of bowel inflammation
suggesting that SAP-1 plays a protective role against colitis. In addition, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) 20,
Suppression of CEACAM20 functions via dephosphorylation was suggested to contribute to preventing colitis. By shedding light on the anti-inflammatory mechanism of the intestinal epithelial cells, Prof.
and CEACAM20 to overcome intractable inflammatory bowel diseases. Prof. MATOZAKI stated, "Since the discovery of SAP-1 at Kobe University in 1994,
Our future research interests are centered on the development of new therapeutics for inflammatory bowel disease that take advantage of our understanding of SAP-1 and CEACAM20 functions
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