a drug designed to improve the lives of people with certain forms of cancer, to stimulate the production of new
not only for aging but also for cancer says Sherwood. One of the biggest mysteries in cancer is how cancer cells metastasize early
and then lie dormant for years before reawakening. My guess is that the pathways in worms that are arresting these cells
and waking them up again are going to be the same pathways that are in human cancer metastases.
The American Cancer Society Postdoctoral Fellowship Award and the National institutes of health supported the research. Source: Duke Universityyou are free to share this article under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noderivs 3. 0 Unported license n
Junichiro Kono a physicist at Rice university says the potential to replace magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology in screening for cancer
and cancer risk. KA is the key gene that needs to shut down in order for these stem cells to switch into regenerative mode.
assistant professor of clinical medicine at the USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and Hospital. ore clinical studies are needed,
The V Foundation and the National Cancer Institute of the National institutes of health funded the clinical trails I
Applications for HIV and cancer In a random access memory chip, similar logic circuits manipulate electrons on a nanometer scale, controlling billions of compartments in a square inch.
As an example, Yellen points to cells afflicted by HIV or cancer. In both diseases, most afflicted cells are active
ur technology can offer new tools to improve our basic understanding of cancer metastasis at the single cell level,
And because the PAK protein itself can initiate cancer and cell growth PAK inhibitors have also been tested for cancer.
Working with mice that mimic schizophrenia and related disorders, the researchers were able to partially restore disabled neurons
The team found that there were also cases of other cancer types in families with these hereditary mutations such as leukemia
Cancer Research UK and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute funded the work. Source: University of Leed e
if chemo kills liver cancer New 3d scans of liver cancer quickly show if chemotherapy is working,
Liver cancer kills nearly 20,000 Americans each year, and is much more prevalent outside the United states,
where it is among the top-three causes of cancer death in the world. ur high-precision 3d images of tumors provide better information to patients about
A series of studies involved 140 patients with either primary liver cancers or metastatic tumors that were caused by cancers spreading from elsewhere in the body.
In the first study, researchers compared the standard imaging method and the newly developed technology in 17 Baltimore men and women with advanced liver cancer.
Diets rich in fruit and vegetables have been linked to important health outcomes including reductions in cardiovascular disease type 2 diabetes and some forms of cancer.
and has been shown to cause cancer. ecause biochar can be produced from various waste biomass including agricultural residues this new technology provides an alternative and cost-effective way for arsenic removalsays Bin Gao associate professor of agricultural
If cancer markers are found in a cell the circuit could for example activate a cellular suicide program.
Healthy cells without cancer markers would remain unaffected by this process. Biocomputers differ significantly from their counterparts made of silicon
Its application in cancer research however was a surprise finding that is leading Benning's lab in a new direction. lgae provide us with model organisms that rival
cancer therapies, and nutritional diagnostics. The new method also has the potential to enhance our national security.
Dantusâ##initial spark came from a collaboration with Harvard university that developed a laser that could be used to detect cancer
#We ve also started exchanging ideas and information with scientists facing related challenges such as herbicide resistance in weeds and resistance to drugs in bacteria HIV and cancer.#
and bone cancer pain suggesting a promising new approach to pain relief. The scientific efforts led by Salvemini,
The discovery has implications for understanding age-related diseases including cancers, neurodegenerative disorders and diabetes.##One way all mammalian cells produce energy is via aerobic respiration, in
##Doctors will use your DNA to keep you well Global cancer rates are expected to jump by 75 percent by 2030.
They could then figure out what medications will best work against the cancer, and fulfill it with a personalized cancer treatment plan.
The hope is that genomic insights will reduce the time it takes to find a treatment down from weeks to minutes.##
Scientists have predicted the end of chemotherapy after launching a landmark project to map 100,000 genomes to find the genes responsible for cancer and rare diseases.
In rare congenital disease, in cancer and in infections, genomic insights are already transforming diagnosis and treatment.
Over the next four years, about 75,000 patients with cancer and rare diseases, plus their close relatives, will have their whole genetic codes,
Cancer patients will have the DNA of both healthy and tumour cells mapped, making up the 100,
An obvious benefit of this technology would be cancer treatments, because these must be cell-specific and current treatments are targeted not well.
#High-tech glasses help surgeons see cancer The glasses are designed to make it easy for surgeons to differentiate cancerous cells from healthy cells.
a second surgery is recommended usually to remove additional tissue that is also tested for the presence of cancer.
but it has already been used during surgery at the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of medicine.
Dr. Achilefu, who also happens to be co-leader of the Oncologic Imaging Program at Siteman Cancer Center,
The title of the patent, hermotherapy Apparatus for the Treatment and Preventions of Cancer in Male and Female Patients and Cosmetic Ablation of Tissueand is focused a heat apparatus for the treatment and prevention of cancer tissues, specifically breast cancers.
and Preventions of Cancer in Male and Female Patients and Cosmetic Ablation of Tissueand is focused a heat apparatus for,
but also the prevention of cancer tissues and, more specifically, breast cancers. Another embodiment of this patent is for the use of the apparatus for the minimal and noninvasive cosmetic applications specifically to destroy
#For stem cells in 30 minutes just add acid Embryonic stem cells have huge potential in treating everything from cancer to diabetes because of their ability to morph into almost any other type of cell within the human body.
but said It's exciting to think about the new possibilities these findings offer us not only in regenerative medicine but cancer as well.
#RNA fragments may yield rapid, accurate cancer diagnosis An article by Scientific American. Fragments of RNA that cells eject in fatty droplets may point the way to a new era of cancer diagnosis,
potentially eliminating the need for invasive tests in certain cases. Cancer tumor cells shed microvesicles containing proteins and RNA fragments, called exosomes, into cerebral spinal fluid, blood, and urine.
Within these exosomes is genetic information that can be analyzed to determine the cancer s molecular composition and state of progression.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital discovered that exosomes preserve the genetic information of their parent cells in 2008
however exosomes have not seen widespread clinical testing as a means of cancer diagnosis until now.""We have never really been able to detect the genetic components of a tumor by blood
and monitor the progression of a wide variety of cancers. He is one of the lead researchers in a multicenter clinical study using new exosomal diagnostic tests developed by New york city-based Exosome Diagnostics to identify a genetic mutation found exclusively in glioma, the most common form of brain cancer.
When treating other forms of cancer, surgeons are able to biopsy tumors to diagnose and monitor the state of the disease.
For brain cancers like glioma, however, multiple biopsies can be life threatening. Bob Carter head of neurosurgery at the University of California, San diego, says well-preserved RNA in blood
and spinal fluid enables researchers to test and monitor for these genetic changes noninvasively. He says study researchers separate exosomes from bio-fluids with a diagnostic kit
Once the specific cancer mutation is identified, clinicians will periodically draw additional bio-fluids to monitor the mutation levels to determine
sponsored by the Accelerated Brain Cancer Cure Foundation. Hochberg says study researchers have recruited 41 of 120 patients so far.
Exosomes may be a reliable method of screening for prostate cancer as well. A PSA test is currently the most common, noninvasive means to screen for prostate cancer in the U s. PSA testing measures for elevated levels of prostate specific-antigen antigen,
a protein produced by the prostate gland that is used to liquefy semen in men. The higher a man s PSA level, the more likely it is that he has prostate cancer,
says James Mckiernan, director of urologic oncology at Columbia University Medical center. There are additional reasons, however, for high PSA levels
-and some men with prostate cancer do not always have elevated PSA, he added. In addition, for many cases of prostate cancer, new research published in May 2012 in The New england Journal of Medicine shows that treatment does not actually extend the life of the patient."
"Honestly PSA is not cancer-specific, says Sudhir Srivastava, head of the National Cancer Institute s Cancer Biomarkers Research Group."
"Exosomes could be very much more cancer specific. PSA might give you one specific biomarker for cancer identification,
but exosomes can give you an entire disease specific profile so you would know whether or not it is a form of prostate cancer that necessitates treatment.
Researchers at Exosome have developed a diagnostic kit for prostate cancer with a diagnostic accuracy of around 75 percent-a rate comparable with that of actually taking a tissue biopsy,
says Wayne Comper, a renal physiologist and chief science officer at Exosome. He says the first diagnostic kit could be available commercially by the end of 2013.
Researchers use the kit to look for the genetic biomarker TMPRSS2: ERG or T: E in exosomes taken from a urine sample.
Comper says levels of T: E are nine times higher in a cancerous prostate versus a healthy one.
Mckiernan says researchers found these exosomal diagnostic tests gave better predictive results for cancer than current prescreening methods, such as PSA.
Srivastava says Exosome's prostate kit could prove to be extremely relevant in cancer treatment
what he hopes will be a series of multiple-gene-signature cancer tests.""We are looking for something with about 90 percent accuracy before it can be used by itself for clinical diagnosis,
"Exosomes have the potential to really further the detection of cancer and help analyze things that would have otherwise not been detected noninvasively y
and Tibetan medicine for a wide range of conditions including impotence, asthma and cancer. The peculiar life cycle of the fungus has earned also it the names'winter worm, summer grass'and'caterpillar fungus'.
as other cellular reprogramming events have been shown in cancers and metabolic diseases, says Sheng Ding, a stem-cell biologist at the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular disease in San francisco, California.
Mir-7 targets have been linked to cancer and Parkinson s disease. Hansen s team found that expression of the circular RNA blocked the blockers.
#Small-molecule drug drives cancer cells to suicide Cancer researchers have pinned down a molecule that can kick-start the body s own tumour-destroying systems,
which has long been a target for cancer researchers looking for drugs that would avoid the debilitating effects of conventional therapies."
This is by no means the only mechanism thought to trigger cell death in cancer. In particular, cancer researchers have been developing a number of drugs,
including TRAIL-based therapeutics, that work by activating the cellular messenger tumour protein 53 (p53).
so in order to develop new therapeutics for cancer, one needs them to be effective in tumours with mutated p53,
The potential for TRAIL to usher in a new age in cancer therapy was identified first in the mid-1990s3.
they were not very successful at treating cancer, says Andrew Thorburn, an oncologist at the University of Colorado Denver,
The discovery suggests new approaches to combat antibiotic resistance and boost the power of cancer therapies,
says Michel Sadelain, a researcher at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New york and an author of the study.
#Carl June, an immunologist at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and a pioneer in engineering T cells to fight cancer, says that he is surprised that the method worked so well against such a swift-growing cancer.
is to move the technique out of the boutique academic cancer centres that developed it and into multicentre clinical trials."
and cancer biologists that this new kind of immunotherapy can work, he says. Oncologist Renier Brentjens, also at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, remembers the day that he had to tell one of the patients in the trial that the weeks of high-dose chemotherapy the 58-year-old man had endured had worked not after all."
"It was painful to have that conversation, says Brentjens.""He tells me now it was the worst news he has heard ever in his life.
The treatment had driven his cancer into remission#as it did for the other four patients in the trial
and faces an untested path to regulatory approval, says Steven Rosenberg, head of the tumour immunology section at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.
And Sadelein says that he is an investigator on a trial with the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston
Several compounds that affect TBK1 signaling have already been developed for use in cancer, where the gene is thought to play a role in tumor-cell survival. his is a great example of the potential of precision medicine,
including the European Research Council, the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Cancer Society, the EU Seventh Framework Programme, the Swedish Society of Medicine, the Swedish Brain Fund, Karolinska Institutet strategic programme for neuroscience (Stratneuro), the Human Frontier Science Program
#What Autism Can Teach Us About Brain Cancer Both disorders involve faults in the same protein.
Applying lessons learned from autism to brain cancer, researchers at The Johns hopkins university have discovered why elevated levels of the protein NHE9 add to the lethality of the most common and aggressive form of brain cancer, glioblastoma.
Their discovery suggests that drugs designed to target NHE9 could help to successfully fight the deadly disease.
for treating a deadly brain cancer says Rajini Rao, Ph d, . a professor of physiology at the Johns hopkins university School of medicine. his is a great example of the unexpected good that can come from going wherever the science takes us.
NHE9 is overactive in brain cancer, causing endosomes to leak too many protons and become too alkaline.
This slows down the hipping rateof cancer-promoting cargo and leaves them on the cell surface for too long.
which maintains cancer-promoting signals at the cell surface and helps tumors become more robust
Discovery Newsprevious studies have shown that diseases such as lung and esophageal cancer, asthma and diabetes can be all be detected in the breath.
a cancer biologist at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical center in Dallas. Researchers have used magnets before to levitate whole creatures,
says immunologist Jake Estes of the Frederick National Laboratory of the National Cancer Institute (a sister of NIAID) in Frederick,
MIT has a strong record of applying interdisciplinary approaches to large-scale problems from energy to cancer.
The research was funded by the National institutes of health the Department of defense the National Science Foundation and the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research h
These tumors known as metastases are treated usually with surgery followed by chemotherapy but the cancer often returns.
because it s not getting to the brain at a high enough dose for a long enough period of time says Cima who is also a member of MIT s Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.
For a few types of cancer doctors have developed more targeted approaches. With ovarian cancer the best results are achieved
when drugs are delivered directly into the abdominal cavity. However this is not widely done because it requires implanting a catheter in the patient for 12 weeks
To overcome these delivery issues Cima s lab is working on small implantable devices to deliver drugs for ovarian cancer and bladder disease as well as brain cancer.
or other cancers he adds. The properties of the drug molecule have to be taken into account in the design of local therapy that s effective says Cima.
Although there are still many hurdles to developing this approach to treat human cancer Cima says he believes it is worth pursuing
because so many cancers particularly those of the breast and lung spread to the brain. The researchers are also working on using this approach to precisely deliver drugs to very small regions of the brain in hopes of developing better treatments for psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
#Fast modeling of cancer mutations Sequencing the genomes of tumor cells has revealed thousands of genetic mutations linked with cancer.
However sifting through this deluge of information to figure out which of these mutations actually drive cancer growth has proven to be a tedious time-consuming process.
It s a very rapid and very adaptable approach to make models says Thales Papagiannakopoulos a postdoc at MIT s Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research
This approach could be used to study nearly any gene in many different types of cancer the researchers say.
There has to be a functional way of assessing the role of these cancer-gene candidates as they appear in sequencing studies Sanchez-Rivera says.
Cutting out cancer genescrispr originally discovered by biologists studying the bacterial immune system involves a set of proteins that bacteria use to defend themselves against bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria.
This is#a wonderful new example of the power of the CRISPR approach says Anton Berns a professor of molecular genetics at The netherlands Cancer Institute.
The cancer genome sequence initiative provides us with numerous candidate genes that might modulate tumorigenesis and we need a rapid method to test their contribution.
Personalized treatmentsthis system could be used in combination with hundreds of existing mouse strains that have been engineered to express known cancer genes allowing researchers to study more thoroughly the interactions of multiple genes.
This method also offers new ways to seek personalized treatments for cancer patients depending on the types of mutations found in their tumors the researchers say.
The research was funded by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute the Ludwig Center for Molecular Oncology at MIT and the National Cancer Institute u
including bladder cancer. rology hasn gotten really the benefit of improvement in the biotech revolution. This type of technology can revolutionize how we do drug therapy in urology,
including chemotherapy for bladder cancer whose high recurrence rate is due, in part, to difficulties delivering drugs in a sustained way.
Last year, Taris entered a research collaboration with Astrazeneca to develop novel treatments for bladder cancer. his device is a platform
Cima says. hether it bladder cancer, overactive or underactive bladder any of these indications where you might want to deliver drugs right to the bladder it can do that.
such as intraperitoneal chemotherapy delivery to treat ovarian cancer, funded in part by the Bridge Project
For this study Yanik s team developed a new technology to inject RNA carried by nanoparticles called lipidoids previously designed by Daniel Anderson an associate professor of chemical engineering member of the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Institute
#Biologists find an early sign of cancer Years before they show any other signs of disease pancreatic cancer patients have very high levels of certain amino acids in their bloodstream according to a new study from MIT Dana-Farber
Cancer Institute and the Broad Institute. This finding which suggests that muscle tissue is broken down in the disease s earliest stages could offer new insights into developing early diagnostics for pancreatic cancer which kills about 40000 Americans every year
What that means for the tumor and what that means for the health of the patient those are long-term questions still to be answered says Matthew Vander Heiden an associate professor of biology a member of MIT s Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research
Using those mouse models we found that we could perfectly recapitulate these exact metabolic changes during the earliest stages of cancer Vander Heiden says.
This is a finding of fundamental importance in the biology of pancreatic cancer says David Tuveson a professor at the Cancer Center at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory who was involved not in the work.
which has not been seen in other types of cancer occurs in the early stages of pancreatic cancer.
MIT s contribution to this research was funded by the Lustgarten Foundation the National institutes of health the Burroughs Wellcome Fund and the Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation n
We re excited about the application of Combigem to probe complex multifactorial phenotypes such as stem cell differentiation cancer biology
Their device, about the size of a dime, could be used to detect the extremely rare tumor cells that circulate in cancer patientsblood,
the researchers plan to test it with blood samples from cancer patients to see how well it can detect circulating tumor cells in clinical settings.
it a good way to study cancer biology and diagnose whether the primary cancer has moved to a new site to generate metastatic tumors,
Dao says. his method is a step forward for detection of circulating tumor cells in the body.
It has the potential to offer a safe and effective new tool for cancer researchers, clinicians and patients,
This week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences researchers at the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT report that they have delivered successfully small RNA therapies in a clinically relevant mouse model of lung cancer to slow
Potential for personalized cancer treatmentsthis early example of RNA combination therapy demonstrates the potential of developing personalized cancer treatments.
With efficient delivery of therapeutic RNA any individual small RNA or combination of RNAS could be deployed to regulate the genetic mutations underlying a given patient s cancer.
Small-RNA therapy holds great promise for cancer Jacks#says. It is appreciated widely that the major hurdle in this field is efficient delivery to solid tumors outside of the liver
and engineers together to engage in interdisciplinary cancer research. This study is a terrific example of the potential of new RNA therapies to treat disease that was done in a highly collaborative way between biologists
This research was supported by grant funding from the National institutes of health and the National Cancer Institute e
#New analysis reveals tumor weaknesses Scientists have known for decades that cancer can be caused by genetic mutations
but more recently they have discovered that chemical modifications of a gene can also contribute to cancer.
In some cancers the MGMT gene is turned off when methyl groups attach to specific locations in the DNA sequence namely cytosine bases that are adjacent to guanine bases.
This technique which cuts the amount of time required to analyze epigenetic modifications could be a valuable research tool as well as a diagnostic device for cancer patients says Andrea Armani a professor of chemical engineering
The MIT team is now adapting the device to detect methylation of other cancer-linked genes by changing the DNA sequences of the biochip probes.
#A new way to model cancer Sequencing the genomes of tumor cells has revealed thousands of mutations associated with cancer.
They have shown that a gene-editing system called CRISPR can introduce cancer-causing mutations into the livers of adult mice enabling scientists to screen these mutations much more quickly.
They are now working on ways to deliver the necessary CRISPR components to other organs allowing them to investigate mutations found in other types of cancer.
Tyler Jacks director of MIT s Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the David H. Koch Professor of Biology is the paper s senior author.
To investigate the potential usefulness of CRISPR for creating mouse models of cancer the researchers first used it to knock out p53 and pten
Previous studies have shown that genetically engineered mice with mutations in both of those genes will develop cancer within a few months.
Using CRISPR to generate tumors should allow scientists to more rapidly study how different genetic mutations interact to produce cancers as well as the effects of potential drugs on tumors with a specific genetic profile.
This is a game-changer for the production of engineered strains of human cancer says Ronald Depinho director of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center who was not part of the research team.
The research was funded by the National institutes of health and the National Cancer Institute u
#New material structures bend like microscopic hair MIT engineers have fabricated a new elastic material coated with microscopic hairlike structures that tilt in response to a magnetic field.
When Edward Scolnick met the Stanleys he had had a stellar career first in cancer research in the 1970s and then as one of the most respected scientists in the pharmaceutical industry.
Early in his career Scolnick had helped launch a revolution in cancer research based on the discovery of the first cancer genes.
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical center Boston Children s Hospital Brigham and Women s Hospital Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Massachusetts General Hospital.
They have discovered several hundred genes that are mutated in cancer and applied this knowledge to begin to invent new targeted forms of therapy.
In contrast to researchers studying cancer or diabetes researchers studying psychiatric disorders have been unable to identify animal models that correctly capture important biological aspects of the disorders
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