When floated on water the particles form a sheet; when the water evaporates, it leaves the sheet suspended over a hole. t almost like a drumhead,
says Xiao-Min Lin, the staff scientist at the Center for Nanoscale Materials who led the project. ut it a very thin membrane made of a single layer of nanoparticles. rgonne researchers are able to fold gold nanoparticle membranes in a specific
when floated on water they try to avoid contact with it, so they end up distributing themselves in a nonuniform way across the top and bottom layers of the nanoparticle sheet.
ou use one type of molecule that hates water and rely on the water surfaces to drive the molecules to distribute non-uniformly,
or you could use two different kinds of molecules. The key is that the molecules have to distribute non-uniformly. he next step for Lin
you could use these to measure dissolved oxygen or ph from a lot of different sites all over a pond or a lake,
#Scientists pioneer method to track water flowing through glaciers Researchers for the first time have used seismic sensors to track meltwater flowing through glaciers and into the ocean,
The brown water that can be seen at the top of the picture is the subglacial discharge,
or meltwater, that has flowed through Alaska Yahtse Glacier and into the ocean. Scientists at The University of Texas at Austin have pioneered a method to track meltwater flowing through glaciers that end in the ocean.
The University of Texas Institute for Geophysics (UTIG) helped pioneer this new method on glaciers in Greenland and Alaska.
Meltwater moving through a glacier into the ocean is critically important because it can increase melting
The water can speed the glacier flow downhill toward the sea; it can move rocks, boulders and other sediments toward the terminus of the glacier along its base;
and stir warm ocean water, bringing it in contact with the glacier. t like when you drop an ice cube into a pot of warm water.
It will eventually melt, but it will melt a lot faster if you stir that water,
said Timothy Bartholomaus, a postdoctoral fellow at UTIG and the study lead author. ubglacial discharge provides that stirring. he new technique offers scientists a tool for tracking meltwater at glaciers that end in the ocean, called tidewater glaciers.
Unlike landlocked glaciers, where scientists can simply measure the meltwater flowing in glacial rivers there previously had not been a method available to track
what occurring within tidewater glaciers. ll of the biggest glaciers in Greenland, all of the biggest glaciers in Antarctica, they end in the ocean,
Bartholomaus said. e need to understand how these glaciers are moving and how they are melting at their front.
we need to know what occurring with the meltwater being discharged from the glacier. TIG research associate Jake Walter worked on the study.
while trying to study earthquakes caused by iceberg calving when large chunks of ice break off glaciers.
investigating potential causes such as rainfall, iceberg calving and the movement of the glacier over the ground.
they discovered that the seismic vibrations being detected by the equipment was caused by meltwater percolating down through the glacier and weaving its way through the complicated plumbing system in the interior of the ice.
Researchers tested the theory on glaciers with meltwater rivers and found that the timing of the meltwater
and the seismic signals synced perfectly. The method is very good at identifying when the glacial discharge is flowing into the ocean,
Bartholomaus said, but it will take more research to determine exactly how much water is flowing out. ow that we know
when subglacial discharge is faster or slower, we can make better measurements of glacier change,
and the oceans are coupled, and how the ocean might be affecting the behavior of tidewater glaciers. ource:
NSF, University of Texas at Austi U
#Study shifts understanding of how bone fractures heal It time to rewrite the textbook description of bone fracture healing.
These adaptations allow biological organisms to survive in a wide variety of different environments allowing animals to make the move from living in the water to living on land, for instance.
Velten says. here is potential for the discovery of water or other trapped volatiles under the surface.
Diffusion MRI measures the movement of water molecules to create a visual representation of the brain axons.
which provided a picture of the orientation of moving water molecules. And, multi-shell imaging was used on 78 healthy adults to get similar images using different imaging parameters.
The researchers also found that by looking at the general patterns of water movement in the basal ganglia,
#An engineered surface unsticks sticky water droplets The leaves of the lotus flower, and other natural surfaces that repel water
and dirt, have been the model for many types of engineered liquid-repelling surfaces. As slippery as these surfaces are,
however, tiny water droplets still stick to them. Now, Penn State researchers have developed nano/micro-textured, highly slippery surfaces able to outperform these naturally inspired coatings,
particularly when the water is a vapor or tiny droplets. Enhancing the mobility of liquid droplets on rough surfaces could improve condensation heat transfer for power-plant heat exchangers
create more efficient water harvesting in arid regions, and prevent icing and frosting on aircraft wings. his represents a fundamentally new concept in engineered surfaces,
The sticky Wenzel state results in many problems in condensation heat transfer, water harvesting and ice removal.
and Applied sciences (SEAS) and his team published their findings in the September 14 issue of Nature Materials.
Key to the method developed by Mooney team is the combination of two water-filled hydrogels with very different properties.
is water-permeable, and can survive the stomach acidic environment. Unlike many synthetic polymers, which are made often from petrochemicals,
Lim said. nd this is just the tip of the iceberg. s
#A fast cell sorter shrinks to cell phone size Commercially available cell sorters can rapidly and accurately aid medical diagnosis and biological research,
or water and therapeutic drug monitoring at home, a feature which could drastically improve the efficient of various class of drugs and treatments v
or water and therapeutic drug monitoring at home, a feature which could drastically improve the efficient of various class of drugs and treatments v
This paper involving mushrooms is published just over a year after the Ozkan labs developed a lithium-ion battery anode based on nanosilicon via beach sand as the natural raw material.
Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS) and the Karp Lab at Brigham and Women Hospital have designed jointly a specialized catheter for fixing holes in the heart using a biodegradable adhesive and patch.
however, the Boston Children/Wyss/SEAS/Brigham and Women research team sought a way to deliver the patch without open heart surgery.
and other electrically conducting materials to be added to conventional water-based inks and printed using typical commercial equipment,
which is added to conductive water-based ink formulations. The ratio of the ingredients can be adjusted to control the liquid properties,
allowing the carrier solvent to be mixed easily into a conventional conductive water-based ink to significantly reduce the resistance.
Finding new and more efficient solutions to energy harvesting, nanoporous membranes for water desalinization, solar thermal fuels and more.
Supercomputers can create highly detailed simulations to track ocean currents or improve industry methods related to the discharge of pollutants
#Bubble, bubble, at the flick of a switch Boiling water, with its commotion of bubbles that rise from a surface as water comes to a boil,
is central to most electric power plants, heating and cooling systems, and desalination plants. Now, for the first time, researchers at MIT have found a way to control this process, literally with the flick of an electrical switch.
but these have required special fluids rather than water, and a thousandfold higher voltages, making them economically impractical for most uses.
The new feat was accomplished by adding surfactants to water essentially creating a soapy liquid. The surfactant molecules
the bubbles formed by boiling water also require nucleation. Tiny irregularities on a metal surface can provide those nucleation points,
#New company to produce water-disinfecting tablets invented at UVA A new University of Virginia-inspired public benefit company with a global health mission,
company officials announced at the 2015 Water and Health Conference, being held this week at the University of North carolina School of Global Public health.
The technology transfer company will produce ceramic water disinfection tablets called adidropsfor people in developing countries who have poor access to clean drinking water.
The company is an outgrowth of a project started in 2012 at UVA through a nonprofit organization called Puremadi. adiis the Tshivenda South african word for water.
which uses silver to disinfect water, was developed and extensively tested by UVA scientists and students.
and can repeatedly disinfect water for up to six months by simply resting in a 10-liter household water storage container. e wanted to maximize production and distribution of Madidrop,
and testing the water disinfectant. he goal of Madidrop PBC is to maximize health benefits,
With an effective use life of about six months per tablet, this is significantly cheaper than single-use chemical water purifying tablets,
Unlike small chemical tablets that dissolve in water and leave a chlorine aftertaste, Madidrop is made of a continuously reusable ceramic that is simply placed in a water vessel,
researchers find A type of bacteria plucked from the bottom of the ocean could be put to work neutralizing large amounts of industrial carbon dioxide in the Earth atmosphere,
It lives near hydrothermal vents, so the enzyme it produces is accustomed to high temperatures. That exactly what needed for the enzyme to work during the process of reducing industrial carbon dioxide,
The enzyme, carbonic anhydrase, catalyzes a chemical reaction between carbon dioxide and water. The carbon dioxide interacts with the enzyme,
so Mckenna group found a way to produce the enzyme without repeatedly harvesting it from the sea floor.
but because they do not like water, they do not travel well in bodily fluids. In addition, other molecules in the cell could interact with the polypeptide to disrupt the spiral structure,
so that it is both water soluble and shielded from cross-reactions. The shielded spiral structures are inured to changes in temperature or ph,
It like the water flowing around a rock. Though it was just a model, Uhlmann theoretical device for cloaking magnetic fields would have practical applications,
and direction using wind data from the National oceanic and atmospheric administration (NOAA). The signal travels through the network balloon to balloon then to a ground-based station connected to an Internet service provider (ISP),
but under the water their little legs were going like crazy. Some stores totally panicked, as Patrick O'brien of retail analysts Verdict Retail told Techradar:"
That might explain why John Lewis boss Andy Street has poured cold water on the idea of Black Friday,
#Nasa confirms water on Mars, increasing chance of alien life Mars has long been known as our barren sister planet but today,
NASA scientists have announced they have found flowing water on the red desert planet. NASA and the Nature Geoscience journal released their findings on a Live Stream announcement stating that the long,
dark streaks found on Mars are a telltale sign of still flowing water on the Martian surface.
NASA scientists theorize the liquid water runs down canyons and cater walls during the summer months on Mars. Eventually these dark streaks dry up as the planet's surface cools in autumn.
The only question is where does the water come from? Astrologists suggest it may originate from underground water contained in ice or salty aquifers.
Another likely theory could be the water condenses into a liquid from Mars'atmosphere. To this day, Earth is still the only planet in the known universe with liquid H2o on its surface
and so finding out flowing water once exists on Mars is huge. Beyond the geological discovery, dramatically increases our chances of finding extraterrestrial life.
If life On earth is any indication, water is the central building block to all animals, bacteria and everything else alive today y
#Sharp wants to sell you a little robot as your next smartphone Not taken by the Nexus 6p?
and antifouling Researchers from the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS) have developed a new coating for steel,
The coating is applied using an electrochemical technique that deposits an ultrathin film of tungsten oxide islands on to the steel.
As each liquid-repelling island is connected not structurally its neighbours, damage to one does not effect the integrity of others,
including water, oil, and biological fluids containing bacteria and blood. According to the researchers, all liquids were repelled,
#New electrode improves solar efficiency to split water Scientists from the Universities of Chicago and Wisconsin have developed a new type of electrode for splitting water with sunlight,
harvesting the hydrogen to be used as clean fuel. Sun-capturing electrodes are designed to absorb as much of the solar spectrum as possible to maximise efficiency.
the nitrogen also lowered the energy needed to kick electrons into the state in which they were available to split water.
Splitting water into its constituent elements has long been touted as a potential source of clean and sustainable energy,
According to UW-Madison, each of Jiang half-millimetre diameter lenses resembles a series of ripples on water emanating out from the splash of a stone.
#Revolutionary tidal fence is set to trap the sea power A British company has announced plans for an array of unique marine turbines that can operate in shallower and slower-moving water than current designs.
what is called a tidal energy fence, one kilometre long, in the Bristol Channel#an estuary dividing South Wales from the west of England#at a cost of £143m.
And just to visualise that, it like one small nuclear reactor worth of electricity being generated from the tides in the Bristol Channel. he new Transverse Horizontal Axis Water turbine (THAWT)
and should be suitable for the waters around Britain, as well as overseas. Because the turbines sit horizontally beneath the surface of the sea
they can be sited in water shallower than the 30-metre depth typically required by current designs.
And because the water is slow-moving, the company says, fish can safely avoid the turbinesblades.
Although the technology is regarded as environmentally benign, Kepler says it will still undergo a rigorous environmental impact assessment during the planning process to ensure that it poses no significant risk to marine life and to other users of the sea.
There is more good news for proponents of renewable energy after the UK government #which is no longer encouraging onshore wind
The new wind farm is to be built near the Dogger Bank in the North sea and will have 400 turbines.
But the fossil fuel industry is far from abandoning its own interest in British waters as the energy giant BP has announced that it is to invest about £670m to extend the life of its North sea assets.
if you throw a ball hard enough into water), while our other materials for the switch are deposited through sputtering or chemical vapor deposition,
In their Nature Communications paper, the six researchers explain that ound can levitate objects of different sizes and materials through air, water and tissue...
#A new material made from orange peels could remove mercury pollution from the ocean Since the Industrial revolution,
The upper ocean now has 3. 4 times as much mercury as it did Preindustrial Revolution
and petroleum industries and is capable of sucking mercury out of both soil and water. The dark red polymer material is made using limonene,
the university says the material is"dirt cheap"to produce meaning it could easily be used in widespread applications like lining pipes for domestic and waste water, large-scale environmental cleanup operations and even for reducing mercury levels in large bodies of water like the oceans.
The researchers found that the material can also remove other toxic metals from water and it safely stores the pollutants until it can be removed.
#Virtual reality comes into the store VENICE BEACH, Calif. elcome to this reality-a store where you can buy shoes, eyewear and coffee,
The company is based near Venice Beach in the Marina del rey area of Los angeles. Tim Bajarin, an analyst with Creative Strategies says VR will be acquired an taste for retailers until the price comes down. lot of major brands will look into it,
The company is based near Venice Beach in the Marina del rey area of Los angeles. Tim Bajarin, an analyst with Creative Strategies, says VR will be acquired an taste for retailers until the price comes down. lot of major brands will look into it,
Titled as'Desalination of simulated seawater by purge-air pervaporation using an innovative fabricated membrane,
'the research paper had been published in Water Science and Technology. The new technology uses the method called'pervaporation'for removal of salt from water with minimal power usage.
Under the process, the untreated water is filtered first though a membrane to remove larger particles.
The filtered water is then vapourised under heat as the second step for purification. The vapour is condensed thereafter to produce pure water for drinking purposes.
The filter which is made of cellulose acetate powder and other components, has been designed to bind the salt particles as they pass through the membrane.
Developed by University of Alexandria researchers Mona Naim, Mahmoud Elewa, Ahmed El-Shafei and Abeer Moneer,
The technology is effective for water having high saline content as well as for water contaminated with sewage and/or dirt,
and water purifiers. The idea is that every household item that needs to be replenished frequently will get its own dedicated Dash button.
'The National Science Foundation-funded project is a collaboration between Shen University of Maryland atmospheric scientist Phillip A. Arkin and National oceanic and atmospheric administration climatologist Thomas M. Smith.
About eighty-four percent of all rain falls in the middle of the ocean with no one to record it.
New tool for climate change modelsfor example Shen referenced a region in the middle of the Pacific ocean that sometimes glows bright red on the computer model indicating extreme dryness
If you include the ocean's precipitation signal the drought signal is amplified Shen said. We can understand the 1930s Dust bowl better by knowing the oceanic conditions.
#Discarded cigarette ashes could go to good use--removing arsenic from water Arsenic a well-known poison can be taken out of drinking water using sophisticated treatment methods.
and industry-related arsenic contaminates groundwater at high levels in many countries including Chile China Hungary and Mexico.
While the technology for removing arsenic from water exists and is in widespread use in industrialized areas it is expensive and impractical for rural and developing regions.
and rice hulls for removing arsenic from water but these so far have shown limited efficiency.
The river cuts down through the rock creating the cliffs. The cliffs walk back by erosion so there's this spectacular staircase of stratigraphy that owes its existence and form to that general process.
and measured how microbes in the seafloor sediments consume the greenhouse gas methane as part of understanding how the Earth works.
No one had examined really these rocks as living habitats before noted Andrew Thurber an Oregon State university marine ecologist
These assemblages are also found in the Gulf of mexico as well as off Chile New zealand Africa Europe --and pretty much every ocean basin in the world noted Thurber an assistant professor (senior research) in Oregon State's College of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences The study is important scientists say
because the rock-based microbes potentially may consume a huge amount of methane. The microbes were less active than those found in the sediment
--and this number is so low due to microbes in the ocean sediments consuming some 60-90 percent of the methane that would otherwise escape.
The ocean contains vast amounts of methane which has long been a concern to scientists.
Dating ash deposits from windward volcanoes The new finding is based on measurements of the magnetic field alignment in layers of ancient lake sediments now exposed in the Sulmona basin of the Apennine Mountains east of Rome Italy.
The lake sediments are interbedded with ash layers erupted from the Roman volcanic province a large area of volcanoes upwind of the former lake that includes periodically erupting volcanoes near Sabatini Vesuvius and the Alban Hills.
and Volcanology measured the magnetic field directions frozen into the sediments as they accumulated at the bottom of the ancient lake.
Because the lake sediments were deposited at a high and steady rate over a 10000-year period the team was able to interpolate the date of the layer showing the magnetic reversal called the Matuyama-Brunhes transition at approximately 786000 years ago.
Renne is continuing his collaboration with the Italian-French team to correlate the lake record with past climate change.
The method is precise enough to help astronomers identify Earthlike planets in the habitable zone the orbital distance sweet-spot where water exists as a liquid.
It reminds me of Swan Lake Aksimentiev said. It's very acrobatic. We were surprised very by the variety of DNA conformations that we can observe at the surface of graphene
The researchers extensively used the Blue waters supercomputer at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications housed at the University of Illinois. They mapped each individual atom in the complex DNA molecule
Having access to Blue waters was essential because with the sheer number of simulations we would not have been able to finish them.
Laboratory studies conducted in the University's School of Medical sciences have confirmed that changes in brain water channels over time play a critical role in traumatic brain injury.
For his Phd at the University researcher Dr Joshua Burton tested two compounds that alter the natural flow of water activity in and out of the brain.
The water channels normally function to protect the brain but in the case of traumatic injury or stroke they become a pathway of vulnerability that allows swelling.
Dr Burton has found that applying a drug that closes the water channels can inhibit initial water entry helping to close the window of vulnerability.
A second drug used later in the progression of the injury acts to enhance the water channel activity letting superfluous moisture out when needed.
This work builds on more than a decade of research conducted by the University of Adelaide's Professor Andrea Yool on the water channel proteins known as aquaporins.
This work also demonstrates for the first time that recently discovered drug-like compounds can be used in series to initially reduce water entry
and then enhance water exit over time Professor Yool says. Most current therapeutic approaches are limited in their ability to reduce injury-induced brain swelling
Kuosmanen's dynamic model enables the analysis of the development of nutrient stock over time and the distribution of the nutrient flows into water air and soil.
and Chinese researchers show how a unique nano-alloy composed of palladium nano-islands embedded in tungsten nanoparticles creates a new type of catalysts for highly efficient oxygen reduction the most important reaction in hydrogen fuel cells.
By advanced experimental and theoretical investigations the researchers show that the alloy is composed of metallic Pd-islands embedded in the Pd-W alloy.
The size of the islands are about one nanometer in diameter and are composed of 10-20 atoms that are segregated to the surface.
The unique environment around the Pd-islands give rise to special effects that all together turn the islands into highly efficient catalytic hot-spots for oxygen reduction.
They are only able to reproduce inside the host's cells they have known the smallest genome of all organisms with a cell nucleus (eukaryotes) and they posses no mitochondria of their own (the cell's power plant.
It accumulates in an underground cave system and flows into the ocean unused. For several years now KIT scientists in cooperation with German industry partners have developed simple technologies to extract
and distribute this water under the Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) project. They also implemented solutions for water processing quality assurance and sewage treatment.
The new technologies and concepts serve as models for other karst regions. Under the IWRM Indonesia joint project funded by the Federal Ministry of Education
For the first time they succeeded in completely filling a karst cave with water. In 2010 they handed the cave power station over to the Indonesian authorities.
The plant can supply 80000 people with water. For the water to reach the households in a clean state via the distribution network a team headed by microbiologist Ursula Obst who directs the partial project for water processing and water quality assurance developed methods for the central semi
-centralized and local processing of water. The water from the cave is filtered first with sand
in order to prevent turbid substances from entering the distribution network. In the next step bacteria in the tap water are reduced.
For this purpose the KIT scientists established a pilot plant at the hospital of Wonosari There bacteria in the water are reduced among others by UV radiation
and the addition of chlorine or by filtration using ceramic membranes. However these methods require high-voltage current
There animals and plants can pollute the water. We therefore recommend to cover the pool
The scientists also installed a sand filter that retains dirt and turbid substances when tapping the water.
Prior to use the inhabitants filter the water again with the help of a clay pot that is provided with very small holes.
The water released via these holes is potable. The pots are produced by Indonesian potters using local materials according to specifications made by the scientists.
Users take a small water sample and mix it with an enzyme substrate a nutrient that activates certain enterobacteria
Only if these enterobacteria are contained in the water they convert the substrate and a clearly visible yellow color develops.
If the water is contaminated the cleaning steps are checked and the filtration system is repaired if necessary.
In case of strong rainfall there is a high risk of the germs entering the groundwater especially in a karst region Fuchs says.
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