These tiny eyeless water creatures recognize predators by their scent and zooplankton in the Upper Midwest have added never the spiny water flea to their stink list.
which is why the spiny water flea aka Bythotrephes (pronounced BITH-oh-TREH-feez) is devouring its way through the Great lakes and into the surrounding inland waters.
His group sampled the waters in dozens of sites from New york to northwestern Minnesota; they found 83 sites that were infested.
Bythotrephes is no big deal in its native waters. The zooplankton communities in Scandanavia and Northern europe have adjusted to it Kerfoot said.
Since it can only live in fresh water the spiny water flea could never have crossed the Atlantic ocean on its own.
It came in ballast water no question Kerfoot said. Like many aquatic invasive species it was transplanted by ships loading ballast in one part of the world and dumping it in another in this case the Great lakes.
Since Bythotrephes needs cool conditions it has gained not a footing in more southerly waters. But it is having a field day in a band of inland lakes stretching from eastern Ontario to northern Minnesota and in the cooler Great lakes.
That means that minnows taken from Bythotrephes-infested waters and used for bait elsewhere can poop viable eggs into the new lake.
Drain all water from bilge live wells ballast tanks etc. before leaving. Dry everything thoroughly before you put your gear in another lake.
If you want to use your boat sooner clean all surfaces with hot (over 104 degrees F.)water a high-pressure hose or a disinfectant like a household bleach solution.
There boaters must disinfect all vessels before putting them in water and anglers are limited to artificial bait.
since the St lawrence Seaway opened in 1959 many freighters still release contaminated ballast water into the system.
Advances in sensor technology and increased understanding of plant physiology have made it possible for greenhouse growers to use water content sensors to accurately determine irrigation timing and application rates in soilless substrates.
Sensor-based irrigation systems substitute capital for water and associated inputs such as energy labor and fertilizer the authors explained.
and their bases are immersed in a solution of deionized water, ethanol, and a dissolved polymer.
the water-ethanol mixture streams upward, dragging chains of polymer with it. The water and ethanol quickly dissolve, leaving a tangle of polymer filaments opposite each emitter, on the electrode.
The researchers were able to pack 225 emitters, several millimeters long, on a square chip about 35 millimeters on a side.
#Engineers Develop a Computer That Operates on Water Researchers at Stanford university have developed a synchronous computer that operates using the unique physics of moving water droplets.
Computers and water typically don mix, but in Manu Prakash lab, the two are one and the same.
and his students have built a synchronous computer that operates using the unique physics of moving water droplets.
Then they carefully injected into the mix individual water droplets that had been infused with tiny magnetic nanoparticles.
thanks to a moisture mill a turbine engine driven by water evaporating from wet paper strips lining its walls.
Sahin Laboratory, Columbia University An immensely powerful yet invisible force pulls water from the earth to the top of the tallest redwood
Yet despite the power of evaporating water, its potential to propel self-sufficient devices or produce electricity has remained largely untapped until now.
or from huge rotating machines akin to wind turbines that sit above water, said Ozgur Sahin, Ph d,
Inside the case, evaporating water made the air humid. The humidity caused the muscle to elongate,
A self-sustaining cycle of motion was born. hen we placed water beneath the device, it suddenly came to life,
Coupling that piston to a generator produced enough electricity to cause a small light to flash. e turned evaporation from a pool of water into light,
#Safe drinking water Via Solar power Desalination Natasha Wright, an MIT Phd student in mechanical engineering, has designed a solar powered system that makes water safe to drink for rural, off-grid Indian villages.
she had no idea how to remove salt from groundwater to make it more palatable, nor had she ever been to India,
with a possible focus on filtering biological contaminants from groundwater to make it safe to drink. There are already a number of filters on the market that can do this,
Although the available filters made water safe to drink, they did nothing to mitigate its saltiness so the villagersdrinking water tasted bad and eroded pots and pans,
providing little motivation to use these filters. In reviewing the list of questions she had prepared for her interviews with locals,
Wright noticed that there were no questions about the water salty taste. o one had asked ever them about that.
Almost 60 percent of India has groundwater that noticeably salty, so later, after returning to MIT,
which uses a difference in electric potential to pull salt out of water. This type of desalination system has been around since the 1950s,
but Wright calculated that the amount of water used by a single farm is similar to the amount of water that a small village needs for its daily drinking water 6 to 12 cubic meters.
poor access to water pipelines often leads to a heavy reliance on well water. But some ranchers find that even their livestock won tolerate the saltiness of this water. t useful to install a small-scale desalination system where people are
so spread out that it more costly to pump in water from a municipal plant, she says. hat true in India and that also true in the U s. ource:
Julia Sklar, MIT Newsimage: Bryce Vickmar S
#Half Price Lithium-ion Batteries With Improved Performance and Recyclability MIT spinoff company 24m has reinvented the manufacturing process for lithium-ion batteries to reduce cost,
because the materials can assemble in water instead of more toxic organic solutions that are used widely today. nce you make the materials,
you can dump them into water and they assemble into the appropriate structure because of the way the materials are designed,
and UV light can rapchemicals for easy removal from soil and water. Many human-made pollutants in the environment resist degradation through natural processes,
and extract a variety of contaminants from soil and water. Ferdinand Brandl and Nicolas Bertrand, the two lead authors, are former postdocs in the laboratory of Robert Langer, the David H. Koch Institute Professor at MIT Koch Institute
When they learned that UV light was used to disinfect water in certain treatment plants, they began to ask a different question. e thought
or hormones from water, because we saw that the particles aggregate once you irradiate them with UV light. trap for ater-fearingpollutionthe researchers synthesized polymers from polyethylene glycol,
and dispersed evenly in water. But when exposed to UV light, the stabilizing outer shell of the particles is shed,
anoparticles with photoinduced precipitation for the extraction of pollutants from water and soil, Nature Communications 6, Article number:
#4 steps to jumpstarting a smart water initiative in your city Just as the smart grid is the new reality for the energy industry,
smart water networks are the new face of the water utility industry. In a piece published in Australian business publication ferret,
and other technologies in transforming a dumb water network into an efficient, automated system and spells out four steps water utilities can take to ensure a successful transition.
What do smart water networks offer? The benefits of incorporating data analysis into a water network are better performance with the possibility of improved customer service,
and a uniquely detailed way to visualize the network's operations. On the technology side, smart water networks include the integration of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA),
meter data management solutions, advanced metering and automated meter reading and more. Those all enhance the ability to prevent the water loss prevalent in dumb systems through leak detection and control, pressure management, equipment repairs and asset management,
the company says. Schneider Electric describes four basic steps intended to occur over time. The following is a brief summary (learn more in the ferret article:
Related articleshe customer benefits of smart water networkssan Francisco turns to smart water meters during droughtlooking for a quick-payoff project?
Look into smart wate
#Utah nearly eliminates homelessness with solution that sounds too simple to work It sounds like a solution a child might offer:
In the Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco city in Tianjin, China, Itron deployed one network that runs three meters--water, electricity and gas.
Council Lead Partner Itron, meanwhile, completed installation of smart water, heat and gas meters and communication modules as well as its fixed network for Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco city in Tianjin, China.
On the natural gas front an area that many environmentalists would argue is not a green energy source GE will work on developing alternative technologies to replace water in the hydraulic fracturing process.#
and groundwater contamination have escalated with the advent of the natural gas boom in the U s. The huge amount of water used in fracking has become a particularly touchy subject in drought-ridden areas where some 55 percent of the wells fracked
according to study released in February by Ceres. The study found 97 billion gallons of water were used to frack more than 39,
whether CO2 can be used economically as an alternative to water. It's possible to use CO2 to fracture shale rock formations,
The majority of Saudi arabia's fresh water comes from desalination, the process that turns saltwater into a drinkable supply.
the price of desalinated water rises with the price of crude. The King Adbullah City for Atomic and Renewable energy, the government organization also known as Ka-care that was set up in 2010 to oversee the country's renewable energy strategy,
With demand for electricity and fresh water increasing, Saudi arabia is seeking out other sources of power including solar, geothermal, wind and nuclear.
#Climateminder helps farms be smarter about water usage California start-up Climateminder, which is selling technology that its founder first put to the test in Turkish greenhouses,
is piloting an environmental monitoring system that helps agribusiness concerns be smarter about how much water they use.
a former electronics engineer with IBM and Sun who got the idea for a water-monitoring system
Val Babajov, president of Climateminder, says his company's goal is to help agricultural concerns produce the same yield with less water.
and rinsed with water, which helped remove the ionic liquid and re-solidify the cellulose.
They can be recycled during the water reconstitution process.""Durkin believes that if the NFW process were scaled up,
for example, heating up water to heat up a radiator which heats up air and then finally heats up objects in a room, according to Harper.
Harper and his collaborators turned to graphene inks. his is especially important for water heating, where we wrap the flexible graphene element around a hot water tank,
heat transfer in water condensation. In a steam-powered power plant, water is heated up to create steam that turns a turbine.
The turning of the turbine produces electricity. In this process, the steam is condensed back into water
and the whole process begins again. The MIT team looked at these condensers and found that by layering their surfaces with graphene they can improve the rate of heat transfer by a factor of four.
In some of these systems, the condensation takes the shape of a thin sheet of water coating the surface of the metal tubing;
in others, water droplets are formed. When a thin film is formed the heat transfer of the condensation is compromised.
The MIT researchers exploited the graphene coating hydrophobic qualities to ensure that the water formed into droplets.
After testing the material in an environment of pure water vapor at 100 degrees Celsius the researcher found that the graphene coating offered a fourfold improvement in heat transfer compared to bare metal.
and water, explains Bo tjan Pregelj of the Jo ef Stefan Institute, and who is the Principal investigator of the FCGEN project.
and obtaining data on the presence of water or water-rich minerals. The A6 is scheduled to launch sometime later this year Planetary Resources says it wants to pursue a est oftenphilosophy in building the A3r
#Nanowires Boost Hydrogen Production from Sunlight Tenfold Using the energy of the sun to split water into hydrogen
even when using systems called solar fuel cells solar cells immersed in the water it splitting. Now researchers from Eindhoven University of Technology in The netherlands and the Dutch Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM) report in the 17 july issue of Nature Communications that they have improved tenfold the hydrogen producing capacity of a solar fuel cell.
Next, salt water is advised not and the phone should only occasionally be chlorinated in water, and it needs to be rinsed off afterward.
And of course, before the phone is recharged, the USB port needs to be dry. The M4 Aqua will have a starting price of 299 EUR
Yet that point is distinctly farther under the water than any other major cell phone maker.
Aquion batteries use sodium ions from saltwater as their electrolyte. Electrical current moves through this brackish liquid from positive electrodes based on manganese oxide to negative ones based on carbon.
Its strategies guided by sophisticated computer models include building some inland water barriers as a second line of defense;
and rivers are disgorging more water during intense rainstorms s
#Can Apple Pay Do to Your Wallet What itunes Did for Music? The point-of-sale terminal at the CVS drugstore in Palo alto, California, can accept payments through a quick tap from a smartphone.
So far Tibbits has demonstrated materials that respond to light water and heat. But he says it should be possible to make ones that respond to air pressure and other stimuli.#
because it can easily be generated from water using electrolysis. It also burns cleanly to produce water vapor.
The hope is that it could also be distributed using the same global network of liquid fuel transport that moves petrol around the planet.
and catalyst materials to make hydrogen and oxygen from water. This new ater splitter, as such devices are known,
Researchers have been pursuing solar-powered water splitting for decades, and while theye shown great performance in one or two parts of such a device,
The solar water splitter stores 12.3 percent of the energy in sunlight in the form of hydrogen.
nanometre scale particles mixed in water. These particles can be engineered chemically to bind together to form specific structures.
The particles they want to assemble are tiny droplets of fluorinated oil placed in water. These droplets are 50 micrometres in diameter
The team injects a number of these droplets in a row into a flow of water that passes through a microfluidic chamber.
and water needed to grow food. Researchers at Cornell University and Rothamsted Research in the United kingdom successfully transplanted genes from a type of bacteria-called cyanobacteria-into tobacco plants
OLED pixels can be destroyed by even trace amounts of water vapor and oxygen, so you have to seal the display within robust, high-quality, flexible materials.
although drone services can yet be offered commercially in the United states. Mike Schmitt, a professor in the Department of Soil, Water,
#Germany and Canada Are Building Water Splitters to Store Energy Germany which has come to rely heavily on wind
and solar power in recent years is launching more than 20 demonstration projects that involve storing energy by splitting water into hydrogen gas and oxygen.
The electrolyzer projects under construction in Germany typically consist of a few buildings each the size of a shipping container that consume excess renewable energy on sunny and windy days by turning it into an electric current that powers the water-splitting reaction.
pumping water up a hill and then letting it back down to drive a turbine. That approach is limited severely by geography
While zinc is more stable, the water-based electrolytes in conventional zinc batteries cause zinc to form dendrites,
furnishing water that sufficiently clean to use in hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, for oil and natural gas production (see atural Gas Changes the Energy Map.
And the volume of this so-called roducedwater is rising as the industry pumps water into nearly depleted wells to enhance oil recovery.
Right now, gas producers tend to store water that comes back up during the process in man-made ponds
Ultimately they inject the dirty water deep underground for final disposal. his is far and away the largest such plant anyone has built ever.
The water is pretreated to remove oil and grease residue and solid particles. The company heats the saline water
and sprays it into a porous material with a large surface area, saturating air with water vapor. This water-saturated air is then pumped up through tiny holes in a series of shallow
water-filled trays. As bubbles pass through the water in the trays, the water vapor in the bubbles condenses
and joins the water it is passing through, creating more fresh water. This so-called ubble columnallows the company to condense water vapor without needing expensive metal heat exchangers.
The processhich the company calls carrier gas extractionecycles up to 85 percent of the heat needed to keep the system running.
The remaining waste is disposed then as sludge in landfills. The project is being done with Pioneer Natural resources, an oil company in Texas. Anurag Bajpayee,
president and CEO of Gradiant who co-developed the technology with the company CTO, Prakash Govindan, says the initial focus is on the booming petroleum
and natural gas industry in the United states and elsewhere. ater issues have been a point of a lot of controversy for the industry,
he says
#How An Intelligent Thimble Could Replace the Mouse In 3d Virtual reality Worlds The way in
which humans interact with computers has been dominated by the mouse since it was invented in the 1960s by Doug Engelbert.
While the pitcher plant uses water to form a slick surface, the Harvard researchers use a variety of lubricants.
when carbon dioxide is pumped along with water into certain types of underground formations, it reacts with the surrounding rock
In the new work, researchers from University college London and the University of Iceland added carbon dioxide to a stream of water being pumped underground at a large geothermal power plant in Iceland,
The carbon dioxide quickly dissolves in the water, and in that state it no longer has a tendency to rise to the surface.
the carbon dioxide-laden water reacts with basalt, a type of volcanic rock. The researchers showed that, within a year,
basalt that is porous enough to accommodate the large volumes of water and carbon dioxide might be hard to come by.
Another robot dips its arms into a water trough to put droplets on the ends of its arms,
when copper ions generate free radicals from water and oxygen, and sometimes from certain sulfur-containing amino acids.
Many ancient societies used utensils made of copper or its alloys for food and water.
Graphene's Potential Drinking water Graphene could be used to desalinate seawater to make it drinkable-tiny pores in its crystal lattice could let water molecules through while blocking salt.
Rust-free cars Graphene repels water and is highly conductive. This combination delays the oxidising reaction that causes rust.
Graphene's Potential Drinking water Graphene could be used to desalinate seawater to make it drinkable-tiny pores in its crystal lattice could let water molecules through while blocking salt.
Rust-free cars Graphene repels water and is highly conductive. This combination delays the oxidising reaction that causes rust t
The electrolyser uses nine litres of water plus the solar energy collected, coupled with the batteries inside the housing, to produce the gas needed to inflate Zephyr in half a day.
The electrolyser uses nine litres of water plus the solar energy collected, coupled with the batteries inside the housing, to produce the gas needed to inflate Zephyr in half a day.
in the soil and water, becoming stronger and smarter, while posing a greater threat to public health.
when it interacts with other organisms in water. Its relationship with azospirillum brasilense, a bacteria routinely found in plants
#Bucktown Polymers water soluble Rinse Out 3d prinintg Resin (ROR) could replace lost wax casting Jun 1,
when exposed to light yet remains water soluble after curing: Rinse Out Resin (ROR. The company-which is based in Chicago,
the support material is able to be dissolved quickly using only a warm water rinse. Among other benefits of the ROR (Rinse Out Resin) include its ability to drastically reduce the amount time required to produce as an investment casting material.
whereas the ROR is capable of being rinsed with water in a matter of minutes. Additionally, the material allows for higher pattern resolution, intricacy and better finishes than other similar materials.
Since the water rinse is ultimately replacing the burnout process, it is also eliminating the problem of unintended patterns that can be created from other materials due to polymer expansions or leftover ash and residue.
With this in mind, the water soluble materials can be formulated for compatibility with many existing desktop 3d printers
Hydrogels, which are defined by water molecules that are encased in rubbery polymer networks that provide shape
the other is composed mainly of a 3d printable water gel called iology paper which can be used as a support for cell growth.
the Redura begins to slowly degrade into toxic-free carbon dioxide and water, 'he says. edura is degraded fully
Ozcan has created also a mobile device for detecting water contamination and a mobile microscope. t is quite important to have these kinds of mobile devices,
The researchers said they might likewise want to create materials that react to variables other than water, for example, high temperature and light.
They found that a medium with an embedded carbon nanoparticle results in a number of low energy electrons several times higher than that emitted by pure water.
"In the course of our research we injected equal, small portions of dyed water, one straight after another,
Since oil is immiscible with water, a'string'was created of a number of blue, virtually identical, microdroplets.
#DNA NANOSTRUCTURES Assembled in Waterless Solvent Researchers at the Georgia Institute of technology have shown now that they can assemble DNA NANOSTRUCTURES in a solvent containing no water.
They also discovered that adding a small amount of water to their solvent increases the assembly rate
we have shown that DNA NANOSTRUCTURES can be assembled in a water-free solvent, and that we can mix water with the same solvent to speed up the assembly.
We can also take the structures that were assembled in this solvent mixed with water emove the water by applying vacuum
and have the DNA structures remain intact in the water-free solvent. he assembly rate of DNA NANOSTRUCTURES can be very slow,
and depends strongly on temperature. Raising the temperature increases this rate, but temperatures that are too high can cause the DNA structures to fall apart.
and adding water can adjust the solvent viscosity, which allows for faster assembly compared to the water-free version of the solvent. his solvent changes the rules,
said Isaac Gállego, a postdoctoral researcher in Hud lab and the paper first author. e now have a tool that controls DNA assembly kinetics and thermodynamics all in one solvent.
he added. inetic traps are among the bottlenecks for producing more complicated DNA NANOSTRUCTURES. lycholine is miscible in water,
so it can be mixed in any ratio with water to control the kinetics of the assembly process.
For instance, one structure that assembles in six days in pure solvent will assemble in three hours in a glycholine solution containing 10 percent water.
A key feature of the new solvent system is that it does not require changes to existing DNA NANOTECHNOLOGY designs that were developed for water. ou can go back
said Gállego. his solvent system preserves the DNA structures that have been developed to work in water. he solvent system could improve the combined use of metallic nanoparticles and DNA based materials.
The solvent low volatility could also allow storage of assembled DNA structures without the concern that a water-based medium would dry out.
In future work, they hope to use the control provided by water-free solvents to obtain dynamic DNA structural rearrangements that are not possible in water,
both at Georgia Tech. hat was surprising was finding a solvent that allows the assembly of structures more easily than in water.
because DNA NANOTECHNOLOGY was developed in water. he research on water-free solvents grew out of Georgia Tech research into the origins of life.
such as the ancestor of DNA, could have developed in a water-free solution. In some cases, he noted,
the chemistry necessary to make the molecules of life would be much easier without water being present. his work was inspired by research into the origins of life with the basic question of
The process begins with conducting hydrogel, a water-based polymer with a spongy texture similar to soft contact lenses."
pyrrole, ferric chloride (Fecl3), ethanol and water--which makes it cheap enough and enables large-scale fabrication,
#Carbon nanotube-Based Water Desalination and Purification Technology Awarded Patent Mitra's new carbon nanotube immobilized membrane (CNIM) is an energy-efficient device designed to filter higher concentrations of salt than is currently feasible through reverse osmosis, one of the standard
It is used also to remove pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCS)- chemicals routinely used in solvents-from water."
"Our hope is to expand the supply of water in places that really need it, while also reducing costs for industry."
Membrane distillation is a water desalination process in which heated salt water passes through a tubelike membrane,
called a hollow fiber, which allows only pure water vapor to permeate its walls. Potable water emerges from the net flux of water vapor
which moves from the warm to the cool side of the membrane where it condenses. Certain industries such as semiconductor manufacturing and pharmaceutical processing also require ultra-pure water for their operations.
Mitra, who has conducted research on carbon nanotubes for the past 15 years created a novel architecture for the membrane distillation process by immobilizing carbon nanotubes,
which are an atom thick and about 10,000 times smaller than a human hair in diameter, in the membrane pores.
"One of the key characteristics of carbon nanotubes is their capacity to both rapidly absorb water vapor as well as industrial contaminants,
In the case of fracking, the fresh water and chemicals that are pumped into the ground to release natural gas trapped beneath rocks absorb high concentrations of salt from the soil they pass through before returning as polluted water in need of treatment.
which relies on power-driven pump pressure to force water through a membrane, is used not commonly to treat this so-called produced water
because it typically contains very high concentrations of salt, requiring extremely high pressure. The electric power industry,
which uses a vast amount of water to cool its generators, is also eager to come up with more efficient processes to treat its wastewater,
"Our hope is to dramatically improve overall water and energy utilization, "Mitra said. Source: http://www. njit. ed d
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