#Tiny magnets mimic steam, water and ice Researchers at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) created a synthetic material out of 1 billion tiny magnets.
just like water has a gaseous, liquid and a solid state. This material made of nanomagnets might well be refined for electronic applications of the future--such as for more efficient information transfer.
the so-called metamaterial exhibits phase transitions, much like those between steam, water and ice. This effect was observed by a team of researchers headed by Laura Heyderman from PSI."
The long-range order of water molecules increases in a similar way at the moment when water freezes into ice.""We were fascinated by the fact that our synthetic material displayed this everyday phenomenon of a phase transition,
The cooling comes from simple deionized water flowing through microfluidic passages that replace the massive air-cooled heat sinks normally placed on the backs of chips."
and ports were attached for the connection of water tubes. In multiple tests--including a demonstration for DARPA officials in Arlington,
With a water inlet temperature of approximately 20 degrees Celsius and an inlet flow rate of 147 milliliters per minute
or ions in solution, are surrounded by a shell of water molecules that stick to the ion,
and other electrically conducting materials to be added to conventional water-based inks and printed using typical commercial equipment,
which is added to conductive water-based ink formulations. The ratio of the ingredients can be adjusted to control the liquid's properties,
allowing the carrier solvent to be mixed easily into a conventional conductive water-based ink to significantly reduce the resistance.
and reach subterranean waters by accident or as a result of improper waste disposal. Once in the aquifers, they can build up for years because of their low biodegradability,
When light passes through water, for example, its phase velocity is reduced as its wavelengths get squished together.
Once it exits the water, its phase velocity increases again as its wavelength elongates. How much the crests of a light wave slow down in a material is expressed as a ratio called the refraction index--the higher the index,
Water, for example, has a refraction index of about 1. 3 . When the refraction index is reduced to zero,
like an ice cube does to water. Next, the crystal drug is placed into a fat and protein coat, similar to
The compound is repelled by water at neutral ph which allows it to easily diffuse through cellular and nuclear membranes,
The team gathered water samples from a research site on the Colorado river near the town of Rifle
Before doing any sequencing, they passed the water through a pair of increasingly fine filtersith pores 0. 2 and 0. 1 microns wide
like the one from the water samples in Rifle, scientists use substances called primers to draw out
#"Drinkable book"turns dirty water clean for a thirsty world A group of researchers from the US,
and purify water. During her Phd at Mcgill University, Dankovich successfully created a page made from cellulose,
One page could theoretically filter one person water for up to four years Dankovich says. Stuart Kahn from the University of New south wales, Australia, who was involved not in the research,
and the water is safe to drink. ny efforts to provide clean safe drinking water to communities for which it is lacking,
safe light source powered by salt and water, which can last for up to six months when used for eight hours a day.
Users simply add one glass of water and one tablespoon of salt saltwater from the ocean can also be used to power the device.
SALT IS the latest of a number of devices which could help lessen the reliance on kerosene power in disconnected regions.
and resistant to oil, gasoline and glycol in the cooling water. It must also demonstrate good adherence to the metal inserts
nmanned systems in the air and water will employ greater autonomy and be integrated fully with their manned counterparts. a
which plants use the energy in sunlight to synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water. However
this new artificial photosynthetic system synthesizes the combination of carbon dioxide and water into acetate, the most common building block today for biosynthesis. e believe our system is a revolutionary leap forward in the field of artificial photosynthesis,
and combined with water for the synthesis of molecular products that form biomass, says Chris Chang, an expert in catalysts for carbon-neutral energy conversions. n our system,
and combined with water for the synthesis of a variety of targeted, value-added chemical products.
while the photo-generated holes in the titanium oxide split water molecules to make oxygen. Once the forest of nanowire arrays is established,
says Michelle Chang. e were able to uniformly populate our nanowire array with S. ovata using buffered brackish water with trace vitamins as the only organic component.
or water resistance. his is like going from building boats only out of wood, to the ability to build boats out of almost any kind of material,
NRL is also looking at spinel for the windows on lasers operating in maritime and other hostile environments. e got to worry about wave slap and saltwater and things like that,
This light bounces off air molecules and small particles such as dust, ice and droplets of water in the atmosphere.
In a still bath the beads follow wavering trajectories as the thermal motion of water molecules buffets them from all sides.
The sensors, on the other hand, have to be resistant to water and detergent. he first washability tests are in planning,
When floated on water the particles form a sheet; when the water evaporates, it leaves the sheet suspended over a hole. t almost like a drumhead,
says Xiao-Min Lin, the staff scientist at the Center for Nanoscale Materials who led the project. ut it a very thin membrane made of a single layer of nanoparticles. rgonne researchers are able to fold gold nanoparticle membranes in a specific
when floated on water they try to avoid contact with it, so they end up distributing themselves in a nonuniform way across the top and bottom layers of the nanoparticle sheet.
ou use one type of molecule that hates water and rely on the water surfaces to drive the molecules to distribute non-uniformly,
or you could use two different kinds of molecules. The key is that the molecules have to distribute non-uniformly. he next step for Lin
#Scientists pioneer method to track water flowing through glaciers Researchers for the first time have used seismic sensors to track meltwater flowing through glaciers and into the ocean,
or meltwater, that has flowed through Alaska Yahtse Glacier and into the ocean. Scientists at The University of Texas at Austin have pioneered a method to track meltwater flowing through glaciers that end in the ocean.
The University of Texas Institute for Geophysics (UTIG) helped pioneer this new method on glaciers in Greenland and Alaska.
Meltwater moving through a glacier into the ocean is critically important because it can increase melting
The water can speed the glacier flow downhill toward the sea; it can move rocks, boulders and other sediments toward the terminus of the glacier along its base;
when you drop an ice cube into a pot of warm water. It will eventually melt, but it will melt a lot faster
if you stir that water, said Timothy Bartholomaus, a postdoctoral fellow at UTIG and the study lead author. ubglacial discharge provides that stirring. he new technique offers scientists a tool for tracking meltwater at glaciers that end in the ocean, called tidewater glaciers.
Unlike landlocked glaciers, where scientists can simply measure the meltwater flowing in glacial rivers there previously had not been a method available to track
what occurring within tidewater glaciers. ll of the biggest glaciers in Greenland, all of the biggest glaciers in Antarctica, they end in the ocean,
we need to know what occurring with the meltwater being discharged from the glacier. TIG research associate Jake Walter worked on the study.
they discovered that the seismic vibrations being detected by the equipment was caused by meltwater percolating down through the glacier and weaving its way through the complicated plumbing system in the interior of the ice.
Researchers tested the theory on glaciers with meltwater rivers and found that the timing of the meltwater
and the seismic signals synced perfectly. The method is very good at identifying when the glacial discharge is flowing into the ocean,
but it will take more research to determine exactly how much water is flowing out. ow that we know
These adaptations allow biological organisms to survive in a wide variety of different environments allowing animals to make the move from living in the water to living on land, for instance.
Velten says. here is potential for the discovery of water or other trapped volatiles under the surface.
Diffusion MRI measures the movement of water molecules to create a visual representation of the brain axons.
which provided a picture of the orientation of moving water molecules. And, multi-shell imaging was used on 78 healthy adults to get similar images using different imaging parameters.
The researchers also found that by looking at the general patterns of water movement in the basal ganglia,
#An engineered surface unsticks sticky water droplets The leaves of the lotus flower, and other natural surfaces that repel water
and dirt, have been the model for many types of engineered liquid-repelling surfaces. As slippery as these surfaces are,
however, tiny water droplets still stick to them. Now, Penn State researchers have developed nano/micro-textured, highly slippery surfaces able to outperform these naturally inspired coatings,
particularly when the water is a vapor or tiny droplets. Enhancing the mobility of liquid droplets on rough surfaces could improve condensation heat transfer for power-plant heat exchangers
create more efficient water harvesting in arid regions, and prevent icing and frosting on aircraft wings. his represents a fundamentally new concept in engineered surfaces,
The sticky Wenzel state results in many problems in condensation heat transfer, water harvesting and ice removal.
Key to the method developed by Mooney team is the combination of two water-filled hydrogels with very different properties.
is water-permeable, and can survive the stomach acidic environment. Unlike many synthetic polymers, which are made often from petrochemicals,
or water and therapeutic drug monitoring at home, a feature which could drastically improve the efficient of various class of drugs and treatments v
or water and therapeutic drug monitoring at home, a feature which could drastically improve the efficient of various class of drugs and treatments v
and other electrically conducting materials to be added to conventional water-based inks and printed using typical commercial equipment,
which is added to conductive water-based ink formulations. The ratio of the ingredients can be adjusted to control the liquid properties,
allowing the carrier solvent to be mixed easily into a conventional conductive water-based ink to significantly reduce the resistance.
Finding new and more efficient solutions to energy harvesting, nanoporous membranes for water desalinization, solar thermal fuels and more.
#Bubble, bubble, at the flick of a switch Boiling water, with its commotion of bubbles that rise from a surface as water comes to a boil,
is central to most electric power plants, heating and cooling systems, and desalination plants. Now, for the first time, researchers at MIT have found a way to control this process, literally with the flick of an electrical switch.
but these have required special fluids rather than water, and a thousandfold higher voltages, making them economically impractical for most uses.
The new feat was accomplished by adding surfactants to water essentially creating a soapy liquid. The surfactant molecules
the bubbles formed by boiling water also require nucleation. Tiny irregularities on a metal surface can provide those nucleation points,
#New company to produce water-disinfecting tablets invented at UVA A new University of Virginia-inspired public benefit company with a global health mission,
company officials announced at the 2015 Water and Health Conference, being held this week at the University of North carolina School of Global Public health.
The technology transfer company will produce ceramic water disinfection tablets called adidropsfor people in developing countries who have poor access to clean drinking water.
The company is an outgrowth of a project started in 2012 at UVA through a nonprofit organization called Puremadi. adiis the Tshivenda South african word for water.
which uses silver to disinfect water, was developed and extensively tested by UVA scientists and students.
and can repeatedly disinfect water for up to six months by simply resting in a 10-liter household water storage container. e wanted to maximize production and distribution of Madidrop,
and testing the water disinfectant. he goal of Madidrop PBC is to maximize health benefits,
With an effective use life of about six months per tablet, this is significantly cheaper than single-use chemical water purifying tablets,
Unlike small chemical tablets that dissolve in water and leave a chlorine aftertaste, Madidrop is made of a continuously reusable ceramic that is simply placed in a water vessel,
The enzyme, carbonic anhydrase, catalyzes a chemical reaction between carbon dioxide and water. The carbon dioxide interacts with the enzyme,
but because they do not like water, they do not travel well in bodily fluids. In addition, other molecules in the cell could interact with the polypeptide to disrupt the spiral structure,
so that it is both water soluble and shielded from cross-reactions. The shielded spiral structures are inured to changes in temperature or ph,
It like the water flowing around a rock. Though it was just a model, Uhlmann theoretical device for cloaking magnetic fields would have practical applications,
but under the water their little legs were going like crazy. Some stores totally panicked, as Patrick O'brien of retail analysts Verdict Retail told Techradar:"
That might explain why John Lewis boss Andy Street has poured cold water on the idea of Black Friday,
#Nasa confirms water on Mars, increasing chance of alien life Mars has long been known as our barren sister planet but today,
NASA scientists have announced they have found flowing water on the red desert planet. NASA and the Nature Geoscience journal released their findings on a Live Stream announcement stating that the long,
dark streaks found on Mars are a telltale sign of still flowing water on the Martian surface.
NASA scientists theorize the liquid water runs down canyons and cater walls during the summer months on Mars. Eventually these dark streaks dry up as the planet's surface cools in autumn.
The only question is where does the water come from? Astrologists suggest it may originate from underground water contained in ice or salty aquifers.
Another likely theory could be the water condenses into a liquid from Mars'atmosphere. To this day, Earth is still the only planet in the known universe with liquid H2o on its surface
and so finding out flowing water once exists on Mars is huge. Beyond the geological discovery, dramatically increases our chances of finding extraterrestrial life.
If life On earth is any indication, water is the central building block to all animals, bacteria and everything else alive today y
#Sharp wants to sell you a little robot as your next smartphone Not taken by the Nexus 6p?
including water, oil, and biological fluids containing bacteria and blood. According to the researchers, all liquids were repelled,
#New electrode improves solar efficiency to split water Scientists from the Universities of Chicago and Wisconsin have developed a new type of electrode for splitting water with sunlight,
harvesting the hydrogen to be used as clean fuel. Sun-capturing electrodes are designed to absorb as much of the solar spectrum as possible to maximise efficiency.
the nitrogen also lowered the energy needed to kick electrons into the state in which they were available to split water.
Splitting water into its constituent elements has long been touted as a potential source of clean and sustainable energy,
According to UW-Madison, each of Jiang half-millimetre diameter lenses resembles a series of ripples on water emanating out from the splash of a stone.
#Revolutionary tidal fence is set to trap the sea power A British company has announced plans for an array of unique marine turbines that can operate in shallower and slower-moving water than current designs.
and should be suitable for the waters around Britain, as well as overseas. Because the turbines sit horizontally beneath the surface of the sea
they can be sited in water shallower than the 30-metre depth typically required by current designs.
And because the water is slow-moving, the company says, fish can safely avoid the turbinesblades.
But the fossil fuel industry is far from abandoning its own interest in British waters as the energy giant BP has announced that it is to invest about £670m to extend the life of its North sea assets.
if you throw a ball hard enough into water), while our other materials for the switch are deposited through sputtering or chemical vapor deposition,
In their Nature Communications paper, the six researchers explain that ound can levitate objects of different sizes and materials through air, water and tissue...
and petroleum industries and is capable of sucking mercury out of both soil and water. The dark red polymer material is made using limonene,
the university says the material is"dirt cheap"to produce meaning it could easily be used in widespread applications like lining pipes for domestic and waste water, large-scale environmental cleanup operations and even for reducing mercury levels in large bodies of water like the oceans.
The researchers found that the material can also remove other toxic metals from water and it safely stores the pollutants until it can be removed.
'the research paper had been published in Water Science and Technology. The new technology uses the method called'pervaporation'for removal of salt from water with minimal power usage.
Under the process, the untreated water is filtered first though a membrane to remove larger particles.
The filtered water is then vapourised under heat as the second step for purification. The vapour is condensed thereafter to produce pure water for drinking purposes.
The filter which is made of cellulose acetate powder and other components, has been designed to bind the salt particles as they pass through the membrane.
Developed by University of Alexandria researchers Mona Naim, Mahmoud Elewa, Ahmed El-Shafei and Abeer Moneer,
The technology is effective for water having high saline content as well as for water contaminated with sewage and/or dirt,
and water purifiers. The idea is that every household item that needs to be replenished frequently will get its own dedicated Dash button.
#Discarded cigarette ashes could go to good use--removing arsenic from water Arsenic a well-known poison can be taken out of drinking water using sophisticated treatment methods.
and industry-related arsenic contaminates groundwater at high levels in many countries including Chile China Hungary and Mexico.
While the technology for removing arsenic from water exists and is in widespread use in industrialized areas it is expensive and impractical for rural and developing regions.
and rice hulls for removing arsenic from water but these so far have shown limited efficiency.
The method is precise enough to help astronomers identify Earthlike planets in the habitable zone the orbital distance sweet-spot where water exists as a liquid.
Laboratory studies conducted in the University's School of Medical sciences have confirmed that changes in brain water channels over time play a critical role in traumatic brain injury.
For his Phd at the University researcher Dr Joshua Burton tested two compounds that alter the natural flow of water activity in and out of the brain.
The water channels normally function to protect the brain but in the case of traumatic injury or stroke they become a pathway of vulnerability that allows swelling.
Dr Burton has found that applying a drug that closes the water channels can inhibit initial water entry helping to close the window of vulnerability.
A second drug used later in the progression of the injury acts to enhance the water channel activity letting superfluous moisture out when needed.
This work builds on more than a decade of research conducted by the University of Adelaide's Professor Andrea Yool on the water channel proteins known as aquaporins.
This work also demonstrates for the first time that recently discovered drug-like compounds can be used in series to initially reduce water entry
and then enhance water exit over time Professor Yool says. Most current therapeutic approaches are limited in their ability to reduce injury-induced brain swelling
Kuosmanen's dynamic model enables the analysis of the development of nutrient stock over time and the distribution of the nutrient flows into water air and soil.
and distribute this water under the Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) project. They also implemented solutions for water processing quality assurance and sewage treatment.
The new technologies and concepts serve as models for other karst regions. Under the IWRM Indonesia joint project funded by the Federal Ministry of Education
For the first time they succeeded in completely filling a karst cave with water. In 2010 they handed the cave power station over to the Indonesian authorities.
The plant can supply 80000 people with water. For the water to reach the households in a clean state via the distribution network a team headed by microbiologist Ursula Obst who directs the partial project for water processing and water quality assurance developed methods for the central semi
-centralized and local processing of water. The water from the cave is filtered first with sand
in order to prevent turbid substances from entering the distribution network. In the next step bacteria in the tap water are reduced.
For this purpose the KIT scientists established a pilot plant at the hospital of Wonosari There bacteria in the water are reduced among others by UV radiation
and the addition of chlorine or by filtration using ceramic membranes. However these methods require high-voltage current
There animals and plants can pollute the water. We therefore recommend to cover the pool
The scientists also installed a sand filter that retains dirt and turbid substances when tapping the water.
Prior to use the inhabitants filter the water again with the help of a clay pot that is provided with very small holes.
The water released via these holes is potable. The pots are produced by Indonesian potters using local materials according to specifications made by the scientists.
Users take a small water sample and mix it with an enzyme substrate a nutrient that activates certain enterobacteria
Only if these enterobacteria are contained in the water they convert the substrate and a clearly visible yellow color develops.
If the water is contaminated the cleaning steps are checked and the filtration system is repaired if necessary.
In case of strong rainfall there is a high risk of the germs entering the groundwater especially in a karst region Fuchs says.
#Launch of new sensor device on Hudson river set to wire river for cleaner water In the race to find solutions to critical water issues the launch of a new cost-effective water quality sensor
and Estuaries Clarkson University is the first step in overcoming hurdles of historically prohibitive costs for long-term water resource monitoring.
The installation of the Institute's newest generation of River and Estuary Observatory Network (REON II) sensor arrays signifies the passing of the baton from the science lab to the river as they run ahead complementing government capacity to invest in wiring the river for cleaner water.
Applying world class research to water quality has to be viewed as a critical component for sustaining society as a whole says Clarkson University President Tony Collins. As healthy water becomes increasingly scarce establishing real-time data as the new standard for understanding water quality around the globe
The planned 8-week burst of water from Mexico's Morelos Dam on the Arizona-Mexico border was the culmination of years of diplomatic negotiations between the United states and Mexico and campaigning from scientists and conservation organizations.
Now ecologists wait to see how the short drink of water will affect the parched landscape.
and novel riverine ecosystems in a changing world There are two primary ways to achieve"environmental flows"of water necessary to sustain river ecosystems,
lest water releases do more harm than good. Several decades of applied research guided the planning for the engineered"spring flood"on the lower Colorado this year,
At the end of the twentieth century, Washington state decided that the water of the Elwha River would be most valuable flowing freely through Olympic national park to the Pacific at the Strait of Juan de Fuca, supporting salmon trout, clams, and tourism.
"it felt like water running across the back of my hand.""The system, which is limited to the lab at this point,
Contamination of coastal waters with disease-causing microorganisms is known to pose a threat to the health of both humans
and because its hydrophobicity (how much it repels water) can be controlled chemically allowing them to build membranes on top.
It is insoluble in water but chitosan is porous so it is capable of retaining water.
Finally they evaporated a phospholipid molecule known as dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) onto the chitosan-covered silicon substrate
and death--food and water tainted with pathogens from fecal matter results in the deaths of roughly 700000 children each year.
It has good water holding capacity and it can be used in agricultural areas to hold in nutrients
A soil mixture containing 10 percent biochar can hold up to 50 percent more water and increase the availability of plant nutrients he said.
In late December tests at CU-Boulder showed the solar energy directed into the reaction chamber could easily boil water
CU-Boulder team member Elizabeth Travis from Parker Colo. who is working toward a master's degree in the engineering college's Mortenson Center in Engineering for Developing Communities said her interest in water
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