and the pitcher a thirsty bird finds a vessel of water but when he tries to drink from it he finds that the water level is too low.
The findings appear in PLOS ONE. e showed that crows can discriminate between different volumes of water
-and-effect relationships by choosing options that displace more water. ogan a junior research fellow at UCSB s SAGE Center for the Study of the Mind worked with New Caledonian crows in a set of small aviaries in New caledonia run by the University of Auckland
The testing room contained an apparatus consisting of two beakers of water the same height but one wide and the other narrow.
The diameters of the lids were adjusted to be the same on each beaker. he question is can they distinguish between water volumes?
This was hidden due to a connection between the two tubes that allowed water to flow. The other set of tubes had no connection so dropping a stone in the wide tube did not cause the water level to rise in its adjacent narrow tube.
Research on causal cognition using the water displacement paradigm is only beginning to get at what these crows know about solving problems.
Through photosynthesis, plants and some bacteria turn sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into food for themselves and into oxygen for animals to breathe.
It also the only known natural enzyme that uses solar energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen.
how much water you transport down the line of people depends on each person getting the right timing
#Power plant battery uses tanks of water Scientists have created new, water-based organic batteries that are built long-lasting
and from cheap, eco-friendly components. They built the new battery, which uses no metals or toxic materials, for use in power plants,
with two tanks of electroactive materials dissolved in water. The solutions are pumped into a cell containing a membrane between the two fluids with electrodes on either side releasing energy.
Narayan and Prakash wanted to find an organic compound that could be dissolved in water. Such a system would create a minimal impact on the environment
which were mixed then with water and concentrated by centrifugation into a thick slurry. The slurry was then spread by bar coatingomething like a squeegeecross a large plate.
The chemical stew that makes it possible is a mix of copper nitrate, phosphorous acid, hydrogen fluoride, and water.
and turn it into water that is clean enough for livestock to drink. It also extracts nutrients that can be reused as fertilizer.
Currently the system produces about 50 gallons of water from 100 gallons of manure. The goal is to increase that number to about 65 gallons.
who is involved with the project. bout 90 percent of the manure is water but it contains large amounts of nutrients, carbon,
and the water into the fuel-making process, says Gemma Reguera, Michigan State university microbiologist and one of the study coauthors. ith a saturated glycerol market,
she says. y cleaning the water with microbes on-site, wee come up with a way to allow producers to generate bioethanol,
Beyond generating power the technology could also provide a new type of self-powered sensor allowing detection of vibrations motion water leaks explosions
The dots are water-soluble and early tests have shown them to be nontoxic offering the promise that GQDS may serve as effective antioxidants Tour says.
or in our case just stir in water all the particles will find one another and link togetherhe says. hey beautifully assemble into a three-dimensional crystal that we predicted computationally
Working with approximately 1 million nanoparticles in water they heated the solution to a temperature just above the DNA linkers melting point
which can act as molecular ievesto separate liquids and gases one molecule at a timeâ##a property that shows promise for applications such as water purification water desalination and gas storage.
when facing a steady flow of water. hat is immediately obvious in the slow-motion videos is that the fish constantly move their fins to produce opposing forces.
One region of their fin pushes water forward while the other region pushes the water backwardsays Eric Fortune a professor of biological sciences at the New jersey Institute of technology who was a co-author of the paper. his arrangement is rather counter-intuitive like two propellers fighting against each other. f the fish wants to move forward
or backward instead of hovering it can adjust the proportion of fin pushing in either direction.
and clutter in bubbly water. Some dolphins blow ubble netsaround schools of fish which force the fish to cluster together.
Hovannes Kulhandjian and Zahed Hossain both doctoral candidates in his lab dropped two 40-pound sensors into the water.
#Tiny water sensor embedded in plant stems Cornell University Posted by Krishna Ramanujan-Cornell on October 14 2013researchers are completing soil tests on a water sensor within a fingertip-sized silicon chip
Crop growers wine grape and other fruit growers food processors and even concrete makers all benefit from water sensors for accurate steady and numerous moisture readings.
For example sophisticated vintners use precise irrigation to put regulated water stress on grapevines to create just the right grape composition for a premium cabernet or a chardonnay wine.
While growers can use the sensors to monitor water in soils for their crops civil engineers can embed the chips in concrete to determine optimal moisture levels as the concrete cures. ne of our goals is to try
The cavity is filled with water and then the chip may be inserted in a plant stem or in the soil where it through a nanoporous membrane exchanges moisture with its environment and maintains an equilibrium pressure that the chip measures.
#Signs of water detected in exoplanet s debris University of Warwick rightoriginal Studyposted by Anna Blackaby-Warwick on October 11 2013the remains of a water-rich rocky exoplanet have been discovered outside
and the large telescopes of the W. M. Keck Observatory researchers found an excess of oxygenâ##a chemical signature that indicates that the debris had once been part of a bigger body originally composed of 26 percent water by mass.
By contrast only approximately 0. 023 percent of the Earth s mass is water. Evidence for water outside our solar system has previously been found in the atmosphere of gas giants
but this is the first time it has been pinpointed in a rocky body making it of significant interest in understanding of the formation and evolution of habitable planets and life.
Itâ#believed that bodies like Ceres were the source of the bulk of our own water On earth.
In the study published in Science researchers suggest it is most likely that the water detected around the white dwarf GD 61 came from a minor planet at least 90 kilometers (56 miles) in diameterâ
Like Ceres the water was most likely in the form of ice below the planet s surface.
From the amount of rocks and water detected in the outer envelope of the white dwarf the researchers estimate that the disrupted planetary body had a diameter of at least 90 kilometers.
The water-rich minor planet was knocked out of its regular orbit and plunged into a very close orbit where it was shredded by the starâ#gravitational force.
 In these remnants lie chemical clues which point towards a previous existence as a water-rich terrestrial body. hose two ingredientsâ##a rocky surface
The finding of water in a large asteroid means the building blocks of habitable planets existedâ ##and maybe still existâ##in the GD 61 system and likely also around substantial number of similar parent starssays lead author Jay Farihi from the Institute of Astronomy at the University of Cambridge. hese water-rich building blocks
and the terrestrial planets they build may in fact be commonâ##a system cannot create things as big as asteroids
and GD 61 had the ingredients to deliver lots of water to their surfaces. ur results demonstrate that there was definitely potential for habitable planets in this exoplanetary system
but this is the first time the signature of water has been found. Source: University of Warwickyou are free to share this article under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noderivs 3. 0 Unported license h
That ranges from less than 1000 nanoseconds for water and ammonia to quite long4000-plus nanoseconds for pyridine.
They found categories of solvents nonpolar alcohols protics (which include water) and aprotics tended to gather in their own areas. hat s another interesting thingmart says. ifferent solvent groups occupy different areas in the map.
and made from basalt likely formed in a surprising reaction where lava met water without any explosion occurring. sually
when lava and water meet in aerial environments the water instantly flashes to steamsays Gregg associate professor of geology. hatâ#a volume increase of eight timesâ##boom.?
Formations like the ones we see in Iceland are common in the ocean under two miles of water where thereâ#so much pressure that thereâ#no explosionshe says. heyâ##ve never been described on land before
and itâ#important because it tells us that water and lava can come together on land and not explode.
when columns of super-heated water rise between pillows of lava on the ocean floor cooling the molten rock into hollow pipe-like minarets.
so slowlyâ##centimeters per secondâ##that it was able to react with the water in a inder gentlermanner. f youâ##re driving your car at 5 miles per hour
or search for such formations on Mars and other planets to determine where water once existed.
Interest spiked with the May 24 2013 eruption in the waters near Russia of the world s strongest deep earthquakeâ##roughly five times the power of the great San francisco quake of 1906.
and coastal waters where fertilizer runoff and other organic waste can deplete oxygen levels and suffocate marine life.
The upwelling in turn brings nitrogen-poor water to the surface where blue-green algae convert nitrogen drawn from the air into a form that is biologically usable.
and thus stable productivity. he rise of deep water spurs nitrogen fixation because that water is low in nitrogen
The phosphorus fuels the fixing of nitrogen carried out by blue-green algae also known as cyanobacteria. he phosphorus-rich nitrogen-poor water is a boon to cyanobacteria that can fix their own nitrogensigman says. y growing more rapidly the nitrogen-fixers
#Catalyst makes tiny rods swim to target University of Warwick rightoriginal Studyposted by Anna Blackaby-Warwick on September 10 2013putting a bit of catalyst on the ends of microscopic atchstickscan propel them through water to a specific chemical report researchers.
and direction of motion of microscopic structures in water relies on what the researchers have dubbed chemically otorized microscopic matchsticks. efore now most research seeking to influence the direction of motion of microscopic components have had to use outside influences such as a magnetic field
When that happens that symbiotic relationship helps to expand uptake by the plant's root system by as much as 90 percent helping the plant soak up water and nutrients from much deeper in the soil.
researchers used a low-intensity laser to heat water on a gold surface. The tiny bubble optical behavior remains consistent
To determine whether alcohol would affect fear responses the researchers exposed separate groups of fish to different doses of ethanol in water.
In a separate tank they simulated a heron attack from the water s surface#herons also prey on zebrafish
before the water boils. Solar steam efficiency comes from light-harvesting nanoparticles that were created at LANP by Rice graduate student Oara Neumann,
When submerged in water and exposed to sunlight, the particles heat up so quickly they instantly vaporize water
and create steam. The technology has an overall energy efficiency of 24 percent. Photovoltaic solar panels, by comparison, typically have an overall energy efficiency of around 15 percent.
the water could have flowed in the other direction, creating an alluvial fan, in which a single river channel branches into multiple smaller streams and creeks;
when water was still coursing through them. Such slope measurements can reveal the direction of water flown this case,
showing that the water was spreading out instead of converging, meaning the channels were part of an alluvial fan or a delta.
But they also found evidence for an abrupt increase in slope of the sedimentary beds near the downstream end of the channels.
Water therefore would have flowed most likely into a lake enclosed by such a boundary and so did not provide evidence for an ocean.
or other confining boundary, suggesting that the water likely emptied into a large body of water like an ocean. his is probably one of the most convincing pieces of evidence of a delta in an unconfined regionnd a delta points to the existence of a large body of water in the northern hemisphere
the water would have covered the entire Aerolis Dorsa region, which spans about 100,000 square kilometers.
which include rain, flowing water, rivers, deltas, and potentially oceans, Lamb says. oth the ancient environments on Mars
In the new experiments, the Rice lab mixed graphene nanoribbons and tin oxide particles about 10 nanometers wide in a slurry with a cellulose gum binder and a bit of water, spread it on a current collector
Three groups of fish were treated with varying doses of ethanol in water#zero percent (control group) 0. 25 percent and 1 percent by volume.
Once in the vicinity they can be powered off to wait for a particular current of wind or water.
In essence they can go for a fact-gathering ride on hurricane winds and waters. The devices are a departure from current technology
and can boil one liter of water in four minutes, as rapidly as a jet boil or reactor flame.
#FLOW-AID helps farmers save water without sacrificing yields Wee already seen gadgets such as Koubachi and Flower power,
when and how much water to apply to their crops, so they don run their irrigation systems unnecessarily.
soil characteristics and water rationing limits into account. So far FLOW-AID has been tested in six countries,
where researchers have reported a 10 to 50 percent reduction in water use. Because the device also keeps track of nutrient levels in the soil,
but by expelling a jet of water. This allows them to move very quickly and quietly.
Initially water is sucked in through an opening in each ball -just as a squid or octopus draws water into its mantle.
Cables integrated into the balls then cause them to contract rapidly expelling the water. In the same way that the animals steer themselves by moving the funnel that the water comes out of the Fraunhofer system can also be steered using a motor to selectively point the balls in the desired direction (s). The whole apparatus can be fabricated in one step using a 3d printer.
Production could reportedly be scaled up to the point of producing balls measuring two meters (6. 6 ft) across.
According to Fraunhofer not only would a commercial version of the technology allow for fast and near-silent travel
#Panasonic#s new technology purifies water with sunlight and photocatalysts Drinking clean water is something that many people in the world can't take for granted as they rely on polluted sources
and photocatalysts to purify polluted water at a high reaction rate to improve access to clean water where it's needed.
One of the difficulties associated with Tio2 is that it is difficult to collect once dispersed in water
When the novel photocatalytic particles are stirred Tio2 is released from the zeolite and dispersed throughout the water.
and a larger volume of water can be processed in a short amount of time. If the water is left still it will cause Tio2 to bind to zeolite again making it easy to separate
and recover the photocatalysts from the water so they can be used again later. The technology was unveiled recently at Tokyo's Eco Products Fair.
Panasonic is working with a number of institutions in India to test the product and its capabilities.
Alternative solutions are being sought in other parts of the world as well where similar water-related problems occur c
###Call centers are like water, ##Bills said.####They flow to the place of the lowest labor cost.
water and even basic sanitation#leaving an estimated 550 million people with phones who can t even charge them on a regular basis.
the machine is equipped with an off-gas filter that disintegrates these gases into water and carbon.
#Tapping into the Waterways in the Sky With all of the water we have in the world,
Until now, the entire human race has survived on 0. 5%of the available water on earth. But that about to change.
We are seeing a fast growing trend towards harvesting water from the atmosphere, something our ancestors first began working on centuries ago.
The earth atmosphere is a far more elegant water distribution system than rivers, reservoirs, and underground waterways.
Since we all depend on the rains to provide the water we need, what if we could extract this rain at the very time
On-demand water extractors. A new breed of inventors has emerged to tackle this exact problem.
and other forms of passive energy, our future water networks will be operate with far more efficiency and convenience than anything imaginable today.
NBD Nano had developed a unique surface coating comprised of patterned superhydrophilic (water loving) and superhydrophobic (water hating) surfaces, on the nanoscale.
Together these surfaces dramatically increased the efficiency of moisture condensation and by extension, harvesting water from air.
Submissions ranged from self-filling water bottles, to extreme dehumidification, to a large-scale water sources for greenhouse drip irrigation, to emergency water for lifeboats, to self-filling canteens for the military,
and much more. The winning entry, titled he Aquamist, presented a simple elegant design for the emerging aquaponics and hydroponics industries.
and The Aquamist produced a water-replenishing environment to satisfy those needs. A new breed of companies has begun to spring up around the world,
looking to the skies to solve the world looming water issues. These companies are using a variety of technologies to drive costs down for extracting water from air.
Here are some of the true innovators in this space: Fogquest is a Canadian nonprofit that uses modern fog collectors to bring drinking water and water for irrigation and reforestation to rural communities in developing countries around the world.
Their fog collectors can be used in dry regions and even deserts that receive less than one millimeter of rain each year.
Living in the Caribbean in 1997, inventor Marc Parent came up with the idea of using a windmill to extract water from the air.
After many years of development and testing, the WMS1000 (shown above) became the world first wind turbine able to produce 1, 000 liters of water a day from air condensation.
and produces water. The water is stored then in an underground tank and pumped to the roots of crops via sub surface drip irrigation hosing.
Developed by Joe Ellsworth in Seattle, the A2wh system uses a desiccant to absorb moisture from the air.
The higher the humidity the more water the desiccant can absorb. The unit uses solar heat to drive both the airflow for the absorption process
and allows it to capture the water in liquid form. A small Photo Voltaic solar panel provides power for the micro controller, sensors, various valves, etc.
Ecoloblue has created an off-grid water harvester/dispenser specifically for the home or office. The unit shown above, the Ecoloblue 30,
to continually generate water even in emergency situations. It will generate between 1-3 Gallons Water/day depending on the humidity conditions and sun conditions.
Technion, an Israel Institute of technology, has come up with an unusual water extraction concept. Two architects invented this low-tech way of collecting dew and turning it into fresh water.
It works well for collecting water in virtually any environment even in polluted areas. About 12 gallons of fresh water can be extracted from air in a single day from one 300 sq ft unit.
This technology recently won an international competition. Imke Hoehler, an inductrial design student at Germany Muthesius Academy of Fine arts has turned a lot of heads with her thesis project, the Dropnet fog collector.
The collectors extracts tiny water droplets from fog clouds and turns them into drinking water at a rate of roughly 4-5 gallons a day.
the ater Gardensare groupings of water-extracting towers for high volume and high quality water. Some of the planned uses are for forests, camping, fire suppression, agriculture, livestock,
The Atmospheric Water Collector shown above is still not a functional product, but Canadian design student Thomas Row gives us an idea of
With a portable water extractor that fits on most any bottle, the goal is to provide for all the basic water needs of a person on a daily basis. Final Thoughts Prospects for the Future There are roughly 37,
500 trillion gallons of reshwater in the air at any given time. The age-old problem has been getting it to people who need it at exactly the right time.
In liquid form, water is heavy and difficult to transport. Plastic bottle made water far more transportable,
but it created a whole new set of problems. Every day, millions of plastic water bottles, cups and containers are transported around the world by exhaust-spewing steamships, trains,
A high percentage of the products we buy in grocery stores contain water. Everything from pop to juice, to vegetables, to beer, to soup,
Transporting water is expensive, so what if the containers automatically added the water directly from the atmosphere once we took it home?
Is it possible to add a water extracting ground spike next to every plant or tree in our garden?
Is this a technology light enough for every athlete to carry with them, every adventurer to wear on their belt,
Will atmospheric water extractors replace city reservoirs, dams, water towers, and our elaborate network of fire hydrants throughout every community?
when chlorine-tasting water was an everyday occurrence n
#Precision agriculture moves farmers into the high tech age The U s. has seen record-setting drought in recent years.
The drought has pushed everyone to look for new ways to save water. So, the The Nature Conservancy (TNC) has joined forces with America beer brewers to change how farmer irrigate their crops.
For the nonprofit, conserving America rivers meant growing America barley, one of the primary ingredients in one of our favorite cold beverages, with less water.
the convergence of digital technology that allows farmers to apply just the right amount of fertilizer and water on their fields.
we douse fields to give them as much water and fertilizer as we think they need.
Experimental projects are even testing how to dispatch farm drones (crop-spying quadcopters for example) that measure everything from reflectivity to water loss to optimize the efficiency of a farm operations. rom our perspective:
if it could divert water from fields, more remained for threatened wildlife. hat wee doing in Georgia
nozzles, and computer-controlled irrigation covering thousands of acres that conserve millions of gallons of water each day. s a brewer, we know that the area we can have the biggest impact in reducing water usage is within the agricultural supply chain,
Millercoors director of sustainability. he learnings and savings in the first two years of the pilot project farms were significant cumulative 270 million gallons of water reduced.
While zinc is more stable, the water-based electrolytes in conventional zinc batteries cause zinc to form dendrites,
a water-based adhesive, inkjet printer ink, and your standard A4 business paper. That s right, no expensive polymers, resins,
It begins to stack the paper using a process that selectively deposits a water-based adhesive to each individual sheet of paper,
and#Mcor s special water-based ink. A bar code is printed then on each page to make sure that they remain in the correct order
Applications are running like water, Dr Hedrick said. We don t even know where to go with this yet t
It works like a snow plough pushing the water upwards and outwards. Wavegarden engineer Alex Onatibia presses a button
and shape and speed and the temperature of the water and exactly where the wave is positioned,
In the natural world waves are created by the action of wind moving over the water
According to Lloyd Cole, water is lifted up and dropped and it loses its energy more rapidly.
To get the wash going, you first fill the Luna Wash with a small amount of water and plop it down into your laundry.
The reason for converting energy to microwaves is because it impervious to weather condition and water in the upper atmosphere.
The process of trapping sunlight also produces water that can be used to produce potable water and other modern day amenities such as air conditioning.
drinkable water and cool air are in short supply. With manufacturing and maintenance processes required, this idea will also create much-needed jobs around the world.
food and water in order to support life-forms inhabiting the system. Such systems already exist in small scales,
the ship knows to drain the water so the crew can investigate. All of this automation means the ship will carry a crew of just over 150alf of
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