These are used to reduce energy and water consumption and pollution. Dubai, United arab emirates Although in the early stages yet, Dubai announced plans last year to turn itself into a smart city.
#Discovery of water-containing gem points to vast oceans beneath the Earth The Earth transition zone is the part of the Earth that exists between the upper and lower mantle.
Many believe that the transition zone contains a lot of water, but there was no proof to support that idea.
A group of geologists from the University of Alberta uncovered a water-containing gem that finally confirms this theory:
there is water, possibly massive oceans of it, deep beneath the Earth surface. The tiny gem was an accidental find
Their final results showed that the gem contained 1. 5 percent of its weight in water.
This discovery proves the theory that the Earth transition zone not only contains water but might also contain more water than every surface ocean combined.
This would make this discovery one of the biggest geological finds in decades. Because it so difficult to dig a hole deep enough to reach even the upper mantle of the Earth
having proof that water exists in the transition zone changes much of what we know about Earth and its composition o
#New 3d printed materials lighter than water and as strong as steel A Nanoscribe 3d printer can print models of the Empire state building in a space the width of a human hair using precision lasers.
believe such 3d printers may help craft a new generation of materials lighter than water and strong as steel.
If not managed properly cover crops can deprive cash crops of water or even reduce yields. Although they make sense in theory many have wondered how cover crops would work in the real world.
when resources like water are at a premium. For instance many farmers are now using methods like flow-through irrigation drip irrigation micro-sprinklers and more efficient use of groundwater to increase yields.
While the days of farmers using the divining rod to find water are passed long since many farmers especially in developing countries still rely too much on guesswork in making planting irrigation and harvesting decisions.
Yet in U k. waters the abundant but undesirable creatures often fill fishing nets and trawls much to the displeasure of fishermen.
and mining operations move into deeper waters Trueman said researchers will need to understand how bottom feeders which may play an important
This rapid movement sucks in water, which creates a pocket of liquid, quicksand-like material around the clam's body.
because its motors sit above the surface of the water, Winter said. Finding the sweet spot Winter said he was surprised"pleasantly"that the Roboclam could work as efficiently as the creatures that inspired it.
the water and sand did not mix into the proper fluid consistency. If the shells moved too slowly
which requires extensive water energy and chemical use as well as energy for transporting that feed live animals and animal products.
#New water-spray technology reduces coal dust by 60%Technology that has been in development by Southern Illinois University (SIU) researchers for over four years is now ready to be sold.
and relies on existing principles of water spraying which have been used for nearly a century to minimise the levels of coal dust in the air.
The new technology utilises precise placement of water spray nozzles, designed to create an mbrellaeffect to seal dust clouds in with spray,
There is an increase in the number of nozzles used and the water flow in marginally increased, in comparison to standard spray setups.
The Lumimems Reader is able to operate in air, water and other fluids or in a vacuum
and the equivalent of around 20 Olympic swimming pools of rainwater-quality water was discharged safely. Sludge is a semisolid by-product of wastewater treatment
and the mine water to be treated in a more environmentally sound way, CSIRO scientist Dr Grant Douglas said. educing the amount of sludge is beneficial
Like the leaves of a plant, the material requires only exposure to sunlight and a small amount of water to produce oxygen."
when placed in water. But if it is simply cut in half, it will reattach itself.
The project is the brainchild of the same clean tech researchers who last year invented a billboard capable of generating drinkable water out of thin air.
That billboard generated up to 26 gallons of water a day by collecting humidity from the air.
water and dishwashing detergent, mix them up in a blender at high speed, and come up with graphene sheets.
The property is also five times more water-efficient than the normal house, with low-flow fixtures and short-run hot-water pipes.
Says Mohammed Saddiq general manager of GENECO in a press statement issued by parent company Wessex Water:
To dive, submarines fill the space between the two shells with water, changing the ship's density
When submarines remain on the water's surface the area between the two shells is filled with air,
however, dives underwater like a whale, using thrust to generate"downward lift"to help the vehicle descend below the water's surface.
#Metal surface is so water-repellent that drops of water bounce off it like balls Researchers at the University of Rochester have created a metal surface so hydrophobic that water bounces off it
Water dropped over the metal appears like candy-dispenser bouncy balls as it richochets off.
To create the effect researchers used lasers to etch nanoscale structures into the metal surface that repel the water.
Because they are etched in at such a microscopic level they do not rub off meaning that metals etched with these structures never lose their water-resistance.
Also airplanes etched in these nanostructures could potentially avoid the dangers of water freezing on the wings.
More efficient water recollection systems could even be designed for use in underdeveloped countries. The possibilities are numerous.
Though perhaps it's simply enough to be dazzled by displays of water bouncing around like balls. he material is so strongly water-repellent the water actually gets bounced offsaid Chunlei Guo a professor of optics
#Watch Bill gates drink a big glass of filtered poop water Sedro-Woolley, a slightly Twin peaks-y logging outpost located about two hours north of Seattle in Skagit County,
He sipped on potable purified poop water that, just a few moments before, looked nothing like the clear liquid you expect to come out of your kitchen faucet."
"It's water,"the billionaire philanthropist announced, deadpan, to a rapt crowd of onlookers after he took a polite swig of the stuff without grimacing.
The miraculous poo-to-water transformation was made possible by the Omniprocessor, a large machine/small waste treatment plant developed by Janicki Bioenergy (an offshoot of Sedro-Woolley-based Janicki Industries)
Gates himself describes the waste-to-water process on his Gates Notes blog: I watched the piles of feces go up the conveyer belt and drop into a large bin.
The water tasted as good as any Ie had out of a bottle. And having studied the engineering behind it,
Just as water bouncing off stones in a show pond create a rippling wave patterns, these electrons interfere with the carbon monoxide molecules to create a quantum hologram.
and reduce the acidity of the water.""It helps explain a dilemma we had with the calcium-carbonate budget,
when water molecules in the air coalesce around a seed particle, often dust or soot. Depending on temperature, these complexes can grow into large water droplets or frozen balls of ice,
leading to cloud formation and rain or snow. The latest findings support emerging theories that bacterial communities
#Ceramics surprise with durable dryness Coatings that repel water are found in myriad applications#they keep car windscreens clear in storms, for example,
following the discovery that a well-known family of durable ceramics can repel water. That is surprising because most ceramics are hydrophilic.
When water meets a ceramic such as aluminium oxide the water s oxygen atoms share some of their electrons with vacant electron orbitals on the aluminium atoms,
and the oxygens in the ceramic share their electrons with hydrogen in the water. This binds the two together.
But what if a ceramic failed to accept electrons from water? Then the ceramic might actually be reasoned hydrophobic
Kripa Varanasi, a materials scientist at the Massachusetts institute of technology (MIT) in Cambridge. He looked to the oxides of the lanthanides#the row of metals nestled almost at the bottom of the periodic table, from cerium to lutetium.
which should make them much less attractive to water s oxygen, thought Varanasi. Proving that sometimes the simplest experiments are the best,
The team then dropped water onto the pellets and watched what happened. Every single one repelled the liquid.
When water condensed on to the discs, it did so in neat droplets rather than the films that would form on non-hydrophobic materials such as silicon.
Gisele Azimi and Adam T. Paxsona thin film made of a water-repelling ceramic material#here a rare-earth oxide#can help you stay dry.
The water-repelling properties of cerium dioxide had been noticed before2 for example by a student working with Barry Cheung, a materials scientist at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
missing oxygen atoms#that allowed water to latch on. Cheung suggests that Varanasi's ceramics were particularly hydrophobic
water condenses onto the blades and forms droplets many micrometres across. The rotating blades lose energy as they smash into these droplets, accounting for up to 30%of the inefficiency of the turbine,
A hydrophobic coating made of tough ceramic would prevent films of water forming on the blades,
where films of water on the blades can, if they freeze in cold weather, lead to catastrophic failures.
#Meteorite carries ancient water from Mars It may just look like your average rock, but in fact it's an extra-special delivery from the red planet.
Laboratory analysis has revealed that a specimen bought from a Moroccan meteorite dealer in 2011 is the first sample of Martian origin that is similar to the water-rich rocks examined by NASA s rovers.
contains a concentration of water by weight about ten times higher than in any of the other 100
found in the Sahara desert, has a higher water content than any Martian meteorite previously analysed.
Those rocks showed evidence of chemical alteration by interactions with liquid water, notes Agee. The composition of NWA 7034 also matches that of rocks studied by Curiosity, NASA s newest rover,
or surface processes involving water may have lasted well beyond the 4-billion-year mark, Agee adds.
That is not a surprise, given the map of hydrogen (a stand-in for water) generated by an instrument on the Mars Odyssey orbiting spacecraft and the presence of small amounts of water in younger Martian meteorites
and the presence of water in it suggests that crustal rocks on Mars interacted with surface water that was delivered by volcanic activity,
whether that water content truly reveals an abundance of surface water on Mars 2. 1 billion years ago awaits further study u
but proponents of a hydrogen economy say that it could be produced in vast quantities from water using excess electricity from wind turbines and solar plants.
Furthermore, the reaction uses both the catalyst and a strong alkali to rip apart methanol and water, turning them into three parts hydrogen and one part carbon dioxide.
Antarctic bottom water (AABW) is cold, highly saline water that forms near the shores of Antarctica.
In particular, water samples from an area called the Weddell gyre contain atmospheric pollutants known as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCS),
and his colleagues have traced that water to a fourth AABW source, in the Cape Darnley polynya.
the resulting changes in cold-water circulation could have important effects on global climate, letting the ocean depths warm
sea levels could rise#owing to the fact that water expands as it warms #and temperature changes could affect deep-sea ecosystems s
"Any water on the surface would disappear very quickly, Barclay says.""There is almost no chance of an atmosphere or liquid on the surface.
but they cannot operate in water#a serious obstacle to using such devices in living organisms.
Now, Saraf s team has shown that the nano-necklace device works in water and can monitor a cell s vital signs."
"Now that we can do this in water, we want to try mammalian cells, Saraf says
#Gene-analysis firms reach for the cloud For Chaim Jalas at the Center for Rare Jewish Genetic disorders in New york,
formed when water flows through the iron-rich rock, to convert carbon dioxide into organic matter.
the team heated the rock samples to 65#C in water rich in chemicals found on the sea floor.
ndosomes are like buckets of water that have to be kept full despite the leaks in them.
when water is added. This allows specimens to be magnified physically, and then imaged at a much higher resolution.
The specimen is washed then in salt-free water to induce a 100-fold expansion in volume.
The mix of water and sediment hides a deep crack that penetrates nearly 200 feet (60 m) down toward the underlying bedrock, the study researchers reported.
Water welling up into the crack keeps the mud in motion. The research team conducted detailed surveys of water and sediments in and around the craters.
The results suggest these unusual features are connected to the Jura Mountains karst system an underground network of limestone caves and cracks.
For instance, water inside Crazy crater is 47 degrees Fahrenheit (8. 4 degrees Celsius), but the surrounding lake water is colder,
at just 42 F (5. 8 C). Chemical markers in the local karst groundwater are also a match for water drawn from the craters,
Reusch and her co-authors reported April 21 in the journal Geophysical Research Letters s
#Real-life Hoverboard Breaks World record A hoverboard rider recently soared into Guinness World records after flying a record distance on the futuristic, flying skateboard.
but is tested usually over water because of how dangerously high it can fly (which is ironic
Laser Technique Etches Water Repellence Into Metalthe team of researchers from the University of Tsukuba, Utsunomiya University,
the young animals suddenly had trouble remembering how to complete a water maze, making more than twice as many errors after they already been trained to navigate the maze.
nearly as good as young animals at completing the water maze, for instance, the scientists report online today in Nature Medicine.
generating water, carbon dioxide, and electricity. The electricity is fed through a circuit where it powers our devices,
These devices work best at converting hydrogen gas and oxygen to water and electricity, and even work at lower temperatures around 600°C. Unlike conventional SOFCS the BZY membranes allow the flow not of negatively charged oxygen ions toward the anode,
Kiri Wagstaff and her colleagues at the Jet propulsion laboratory in Pasadena California have developed software that can identify a plume of water
#Water-splitter could make hydrogen fuel on Mars Making fuel on site for a return trip to Mars may be a step closer.
A cunning way to split water into oxygen and hydrogen in two distinct steps could be a boon to both astronauts
But existing methods for creating usable hydrogen gas from water require a lot of electricity. That means renewable energy sources like wind or sunlight which are often patchy are not reliable enough.
To get around it they built a device that uses a single pulse of power to split water so continuous energy is needed not.
The device zaps water with electricity to release oxygen then a silicon-based chemical mediator dissolved in the water mops up stray protons and electrons.
whether Cronin's device will be able to compete with other existing processes says Steve Reece a water-splitting expert at Lockheed martin in Cambridge Massachusetts.
But the same planet orbiting a sun-like star in a binary system would be in the habitable zone where conditions could support liquid water
It is made probably from the same materials as Earth water silicates and iron but in different proportions says Dumusque.
NASA's Cassini spacecraft flew through the geysers and detected water salts and carbon-based molecules.
or from water pockets that wouldn't last long enough for life to get a toehold.
and shown that it has a crescent-shaped ocean holding about as much water as Lake superior in North america.
and now we have hints that Europa spurts plumes of water intermittently. Data from NASA's Galileo probe which orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003 show clay-like minerals on Europa's surface probably debris from meteor impacts
#Buried'Lake superior'seen on Saturn's moon Enceladus Saturn's icy moon Enceladus already known for spitting plumes of water into space just got even more interesting.
-and that this liquid water is in direct contact with the moon's core which is rich in nutrients.
which orbits Jupiter also spews plumes of water. Both moons are now among the hottest prospects in the solar system for finding alien life
Most astronomers thought that the plumes force their way out through cracks in an icy crust sitting over a sea of liquid water.
Either answer suggests that the rock has been in substantial contact with water for instance allowing minerals to dissolve
It would contain about as much water as Lake superior in North america. Hosting an ocean in contact with rocks boosts the chances that Enceladus hosts life
because the rocks could leach elements like potassium sulphur and phosphorus vital for life into the water.
One of the alternative models was just little pockets of water driving the jets and in that model you wouldn't have much in the way of life
The former is important as life would require the sustained presence of water to gain a toehold.
Even if they continue at the current rate the moon would only have lost 30 per cent of its water by mass
Studying the water's isotopes and any organic material it might hold in deep freeze could shed light on where Earth got its water
and the building blocks of life says Foing. The damp moon could also be a useful resource for future robotic
and human exploration says Paul Spudis of the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston Texas. Astronauts could drink moon water extracted from its rocks or use it as radiation shielding.
Water could also be split into hydrogen and oxygen for use as rocket fuel. Much of the weight of today's rockets comes from their own propellant so having a source of fuel already in space would pave the way for much more ambitious human missions.
which could launch in 2018 to try to extract water from lunar rocks. Private groups are also hoping to get in on the action.
and teams of human miners to the moon to supply water for fuel depots that it would place in Earth orbit t
just as tree roots suck in water when vapour escapes the leaves. The result is an array of between 500 and 5000 focussed ion beams that stream from each of the eight chips on the Cubesat when the electric field the strength
They say a future version could also use water instead of xenon, which would make it easier to refuel.
of which hold water and perhaps life. A fleet of Cubesats with propulsion in orbit around a planet or moon can do a lot of things that big expensive satellites cannot, such as monitoring several locations in the atmosphere at once.
which discovered water on the lunar surface but died more than a year early because its electronics could not withstand the heat radiated from the moon.
or perhaps water in Mars's and recently NASA's Curiosity rover added to the scepticism by finding no methane when it breathed in the Martian air.
MOM may also help reveal how Mars became a cold dry planet with an atmosphere too thin to support liquid water for long periods.
Gaping canyons and river-like channels point to large amounts of water and therefore a thick warming atmosphere in the past.
Because Venus is closer to the sun the solar wind might have stripped gaseous water from its early atmosphere leaving a thick haze of mostly carbon dioxide that turned the planet's surface into a hellish desert.
whether its surface would be warm enough to support liquid water. But it is clear from our solar system that a lot of other factors come into play says Schneider d
All the signs are had that Mars plentiful slightly salty water that could have supported primitive microbes. The hope is that Mars can help us understand the origins of life
According to Curiosity's onboard chemistry lab the sample is between 20 and 30 per cent smectite a clay mineral that forms in the presence of water.
The instruments also detected minerals indicating that this water was ph neutral and carried substances capable of supplying microbes with energy.
if this water had been around and you had been on the planet you would have been able to drink it says rover project scientist John Grotzinger.
which form in the presence of water scattered throughout Yellowknife Bay. The thinking is that Mars would have had liquid water billions of years ago around the time Earth was playing host to early life.
But at some point Mars dried out and lost much of its atmosphere. The planet also only briefly had a magnetic field to protect its surface from cosmic radiation
Paradoxically water which is necessary for life is a mild oxidant and can break down organic carbon says Grotzinger.
enough water for microbes to thrive in; and minerals that could act like batteries allowing electrons to flow
which forms in the presence of water. More importantly they found calcium sulphate salts which form in non-acidic water.
All these clues point to ancient Mars hosting neutral slightly salty liquid water that could have supported primitive life.
if this water had been around and you had been on the planet you would have been able to drink it.
The rover used the drill bit at the end of its robotic arm to make a hole 1. 6 centimetres wide and 6. 4 centimetres deep in a flat veined outcrop thought to have once been saturated with water.
that the height from which a filament is deployed does not influence its coiling patterns good news for ships that navigate choppy waters to deploy fiber-optic cables. his is important because,
which consists of six pumps that expel water through rubber tubes. Two of those tubes vent on the side of the robot opposite the flattened panel
The control algorithm constantly adjusts the velocity of the water pumped through each of the six jets to keep the robot on course.
the material can even direct water upward against gravity. Each microhair made of nickel is about 70 microns high and 25 microns wide about one-fourth the diameter of a human hair.
Tilting toward a fieldin experiments the team piped a water solution through a syringe and onto the microhair array.
Through a combination of surface tension and tilting pillars water climbed up the array following the direction of the pillars.
they extracted useful audio signals from videos of aluminum foil, the surface of a glass of water,
When droplets of water or tiny particles are placed on the surface a thin coating of the fluid covers them forming a magnetic cloak.
But at present even in desert locations the only way to counter this fouling is to hose the arrays down a labor-and water-intensive method.
The new approach the researchers say could lead to systems that make the cleaning process automatic and water-free.
Watch a water droplet get pulled across an active surface designed by MIT researchers. Video:
insulating material structure that floats on water. When sunlight hits the structure surface, it creates a hotspot in the graphite,
drawing water up through the material pores, where it evaporates as steam. The brighter the light, the more steam is generated.
The latter approach involves mixing water with nanoparticles that heat up quickly when exposed to sunlight, vaporizing the surrounding water molecules as steam.
But initiating this reaction requires very intense solar energy about 1, 000 times that of an average sunny day.
The foam also contains very small pores that allow water to creep up through the structure via capillary action.
generating a pressure gradient that draws water up through the carbon foam. As water seeps into the graphite layer,
the heat concentrated in the graphite turns the water into steam. The structure works much like a sponge that,
when placed in water on a hot, sunny day, can continuously absorb and evaporate liquid.
The researchers tested the structure by placing it in a chamber of water and exposing it to a solar simulator a light source that simulates various intensities of solar radiation.
They found they were able to convert 85 percent of solar energy into steam at a solar intensity 10 times that of a typical sunny day.
#Getting a charge out of water droplets Last year MIT researchers discovered that when water droplets spontaneously jump away from superhydrophobic surfaces during condensation they can gain electric charge in the process.
Now the same team has demonstrated that this process can generate small amounts of electricity that might be used to power electronic devices.
False-color time-lapse images captured#via#high-speed imaging show a droplet jumping (colored green) from a superhydrophobic copper oxide fin to a hydrophilic (water-attracting) copper fin (colored orange.
Water will condense out from the atmosphere it happens naturally he says. The atmosphere is a huge source of power
just as water condenses from warm humid air on the outside of a cold glass. Chuanhua Duan an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Boston University who was involved not in this research says This work provides a new approach for energy harvesting
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011