Star

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Synopsis: Space: Space generale: Celestial body: Star: Star:

A few moments later a flag is waved, red with gold stars on it. This is China's first spacewalk#on 27 september 2008,

It was red with gold stars on it. If you would like to comment on this article

and located in the so-called Goldilocks zone#an area of space around a parent star that is not too cold or too hot,

To tell a parent star and a potentially habitable planet apart, astronomers need incredibly sharp, high-resolution pictures.

The technology corrects for the blurriness caused by turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere that makes stars twinkle

But even with these adaptive optics tools, existing ground-based telescopes can only"see#planets bigger than Jupiter#gas giants that orbit their parent stars at a huge distance.

among them the search for planets orbiting nearby stars. It will work in the infrared spectrum,

most exoplanets are still found using indirect techniques#such as detecting a wobble in the position of the star that indicates it is being pulled slightly towards an orbiting planet,

when they pass in front of its star. Transiting was used to great success by Kepler, but the method doesn't allow us to calculate a planet's mass#a critical factor in determining its density and hence its rockiness.

It studies space bodies by recording how a planet's gravity makes its parent star appear to vibrate as it rotates around it.

if it wasn't for its proximity to its parent star#the planet lies only 2. 5 million km (1. 6 million miles) away from it,

and the huge numbers of transit planets discovered by Kepler are all orbiting relatively faint stars

#because Kepler was designed to look at faint stars.##The worlds discovered by Kepler are also thousands of light-years away#totally inaccessible to direct imaging,

but can discern planets around bright nearby stars: Tess, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. Due to launch in 2017,

"And if Tess finds a habitable planet around a very nearby star, you can then use the James webb space telescope to measure the composition of its atmosphere.#

#But to really find a habitable Earth-twin orbiting a star just like our Sun,

Called supporting cells they form a physical base for the hearing system s##stars##the hair cells in the ear that interact directly with the nerves that carry sound signals to the brain.

when the star has been injured. After some searching the team found that an amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum has the gene ptena

The researchers hypothesized that ramping up the presence of lpten making it the star on the court could overcompensate for the mutated ptena.

Alexander Star, an associate professor of chemistry at the University of Pittsburgh, says the new chip,

Star says, nd bacterial infections are a common complication of the implant. Infection can damage the body surrounding the implant,

Star and his team have developed similar chip/nanotube sensors that can be affixed to a toothbrush to detect bad breath (the presence of hydrogen sulfide)

Another Star-developed chip measures acetone in breath, an indicator of diabetes. A National Energy technology Laboratory grant supported the research

Organic molecules usually found in these star-forming regions consist of a single ackboneof carbon atoms arranged in a straight chain.

The two molecules isopropyl cyanide and normal-propyl cyanide are also the largest molecules yet detected in any star-forming region

since that is where the stars arelyman says. owever a large fraction of these are exploding at huge distances from their galaxies where the number of stellar systems is miniscule. hat we address in the paper is

longer-lived stars but still in some sort of binary systems as there is no known way that a single low-mass star can go supernova by itself

or create an event that would look like a supernova. he researchers then compared their data to

planet orbiting another star for the first time. Today s forecast: cloudy. Tomorrow: overcast. Extended outlook: more clouds.

Recent searches for planets around other stars (xoplanets have shown that super-Earths like GJ 1214b are among the most common type of planets in the Milky way galaxy.

It transits or passes in front of its parent star every 38 hours which gives scientists an opportunity to study its atmosphere as starlight filters through it.

But more than that it may open the door to studies of Earthlike planets around nearby stars. he NASA the National Science Foundation the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation

The molecule argon hydride was seen in the crab nebula the remains of a star that exploded 1000 years agothe noble gases

what happens in these stellar explosions. ast year we used the European space agency s Herschel Space observatory to study the intricate network of gas filaments to show how exploding stars are creating huge amounts of space dust. urther measurements

and take spectra of planets around nearby stars. Source: UC Santa Barbar

#Wireless device grabs lost energy from Wi-fi Using inexpensive materials configured and tuned to capture microwave signals researchers have designed a power harvesting device with efficiency similar to that of modern solar panels.

##but potentially much biggerâ##that once orbited the parent star before it became a white dwarf.

In its former life GD 61 was a star somewhat bigger than our Sun and host to a planetary system.

and debris that has been pulled into the orbit of its dying parent starâ#says Boris Gänsicke professor of physics at the University of Warwick. owever this planetary graveyard swirling around the embers of its parent star is a rich source

#Densest galaxy is jam-packed with stars Michigan State university right Original Studyposted by Tom Oswald-Michigan State on September 25 2013 Astronomers have discovered the densest galaxy in the nearby universe.

The stars are about 25 times closer than those in the Milky way. Imagine the distance between the sun and the star nearest to itâ##a star called Alpha centauri.

That's a distance of about 4 light years. Now imagine as many as 10000 of our suns crammed into that relatively small space. his galaxy is more massive than any ultra-compact drawfs of comparable sizesays Jay Strader assistant professor of physics

This would make the density of stars about 15000 times greater than that found in Earth's neighborhood in the Milky way. raveling from one star to another would be a lot easier in M60-UCD1 than it is in our galaxystrader says. ince the stars are so much closer in this galaxy

but assumed they were either single stars or very-distant galaxies. Another intriguing aspect of this galaxy is the presence of a bright X-ray source in its center.

because they have ripped stars away from them. The possible massive black hole combined with the high galaxy mass and sun-like levels of elements found in the stars favor the latter idea.

A giant black hole at the center of M60-UCD1 helps tip the scales against the scenario where this galaxy was once a star cluster

It may think that the search term##pink##relates to the pop star rather than the color

the Luna Wash is like a miniature dirt-destroying Death Star that uses static electricity and steam to coax your clothes clean.

when it helped with the initial design of K-STAR, believes that the K-DEMO project is feasible,

#Nearby star is almost as old as the Universe Astronomers have discovered a Methuselah of stars#a denizen of the Solar system's neighbourhood that is at least 13.2 billion years old and formed shortly after the Big bang."

"We believe this star is known the oldest in the Universe with a well determined age,

The venerable star, dubbed HD 140283, lies at a comparatively short distance of 190 light years from the Solar system

before successive generations of stars had a chance to forge heavier elements. But no one knew exactly how old it was.

which measure the position of target stars relative to reference stars. The astronomers also measured the brightness of the star as it appears in the sky,

and were then able to calculate its intrinsic luminosity. The team then exploited the fact that HD 140283 is in a phase of its life cycle in

In this phase, the star's slowly dimming luminosity is a highly sensitive indicator of its age,

His team calculates that the star is 13.9 billion years old, give or take 700 million years.

The star's age is therefore at least 13.2 billion years #which was estimated the age of another known Methuselah2#and possibly older.

The very first generation of stars coalesced from primordial gas, which did not contain appreciable amounts of elements heavier than helium,

but non-zero abundance of heavy elements#shows that the star must have formed after the first stellar generation.

Conditions for making the second generation of stars, then, "must have been in place very early, says Bromm.

The very first stars are thought usually to have coalesced a few hundred million years after the Big bang,

But before the second generation of stars could form, that gas had to cool down. The early age of the second-generation star HD 140283 hints that the cooling time,

The researchers used NASA s Kepler space telescope to identify the three planets orbiting Kepler 37, a star some 200 light-years away that is somewhat smaller than the sun. The spacecraft monitors more than 150,000 stars in the Milky way

or dips in brightness, that might be caused by a planet passing in front of its star, from the probe s perspective.

or passed in front of its star, more than 50 times, Barclay and his colleague drew out a subtle but recurrent pattern.

Every 13 days or so the star dimmed by a tiny fraction#just 0. 002 percent#as the tiny planet passed across the star s face.

Orbiting its star at one tenth the distance between Earth and the sun, tiny Kepler 37 b must be extremely hot."

The larger worlds in the planetary system orbit somewhat farther out but would still suffer scorching heat from the star.

Whereas giant Jupiter-size planets often exert a gravitational tug on their host stars that is detectable with Earth-based telescope spectrographs,

"In this case, with the innermost planet we are confident that it is a true planet orbiting the target star with a confidence of 99.95 percent,

#Computer program roots out ancestors of modern tongues In Fiji, a star is a kalokalo. For the Pazeh people of Taiwan, it is mintol,

The sudden ballooning also amplified quantum fluctuations into clumps of matter that went on to seed the first stars,

because pentaquarks might be formed inside collapsing stars, their discovery might tell us more about what stars are composed of

and how they evolve. The new data might also lead to the discovery of other pentaquarks with different masses."

In a single degenerate system the shock wave from the white dwarf explosion should smash into the surrounding gas from the companion star generating radio waves.

The next step is to look at the stars and galaxies that raised the infrared flag in the WISE survey

what because it's cataloguing the mid-infrared of our stars and galaxies he says.

But no one was convinced that a planet could orbit just one star at a sufficient distance to host life.

Most stars are part of binary systems and a significant fraction of these are close binary systems so if you want to maximise the places you can look for habitable planets you're going to want to look at these close binaries as well says Scott Gaudi at Ohio State university (OSU) in Columbus. Gaudi

and his team used a technique called gravitational microlensing to study a binary system with two red dwarfs small stars that are dimmer than the sun. The distance between the stars is about 10 to 15 times that of Earth

and the sun. The team found a planet about twice the mass of Earth orbiting just one of the two stars at about the same distance as we are to our home star.

if a star has a tight stellar companion and the further it is from the star the more difficult it would be for planets to form.

But this discovery argues that yes indeed at least in this system of two red dwarfs you can form planets at these sorts of longer distances says Gaudi.

As one star passes in front of another as seen from Earth light from the background star is bent gravitationally

The planet isn't blocking the background star's light. It's just that the mathematics of focusing is disrupted by the planet's gravity he says.

The planet orbits a star that is about 560 light years away from us. It has a radius slightly more than double that of Earth's a size that led astronomers to assume it was a shrunken version of gassy planet Neptune

or by activity from the host star and they say a massive rocky world is the best explanation for the data.

But it is very close to its star completing a full orbit in just 20 hours.

For instance small galaxies in the simulation produced stars too early so they appeared older than we observe them to be today.

#Supernova found aligned with galactic magnifying glass A perfectly arranged exploding star and distant galaxy have created together a cosmic magnifying glass that could improve our understanding of the universe's expansion and dark matter.

Now his team has found a galaxy full of dim old stars that was hard to see against the bright background of the galaxy holding the supernova.

and hailed by some as the discovery of the century may have been caused by ashes from an exploding star.

This is much more serious than selecting a few people who are going to become pop stars it's more like The Apprentice.

Until recently a planet's habitability was defined largely by its distance from its star which hints at

#Star twinkles could help pin down planet sizes Twinkle twinkle little star and show us just how little you are.

Starlight captured by the Kepler space telescope has revealed that the amount a star flickers is tied to its size offering a better way to measure a wide variety of stars and their associated planets.

Kepler was designed to spot transits the periodic dips in a star's brightness indicating that a planet has passed in front of it.

Two years'worth of data still need inspecting including information about the thousands of stars in its field of view.

Figuring out the properties of stars is vital to planet surveys. When a planet transits a star the amount of light it blocks is used to calculate its size.

That can help to pinpoint whether it is rocky like Earth or gassy like Jupiter as long as the star's size is known.

Simply looking at a star's colour can reveal whether it is small and compact like our sun

or big and bloated like a red giant the type of star the sun will swell into in about 5 billion years.

But such estimates are crude with uncertainties of more than 90 per cent. Much more accurate size and mass measurements boasting uncertainties of just 2 per cent come from studying vibrations within the star called starquakes.

However this technique known as asteroseismology can be used only on bright stars because it requires teasing out subtle periodic variations in a star's light.

Fabienne Bastien of Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and colleagues used Kepler data to watch instead for flickers in starlight due to short-lived convection cells or granules on the star's surface.

These are bright regions where hot plasma wells up surrounded by darker boundaries where it cools

They began with a sample of about 500 stars whose size and mass were known already thanks to asteroseismology measurements made by Kepler.

bigger more bloated stars flicker more. That's probably because each granule spans some two dozen times the width of the Earth in a giant star compared to just a fraction of the Earth's diameter in a compact star.

and mass of about 1000 stars that do not have asteroseismology measurements and it could be used to gauge the sizes of 50000 more stars already studied by Kepler Stassun says.

How will that affect the count of Earth-sized worlds? Kepler's principal investigator William Borucki expects the current pool of candidates to shrink.

He suspects we may have been underestimating the size of stars and therefore the planets that they host so many worlds currently deemed Earthlike may turn out to be too big.

or asteroseismology signals from sun-like stars says Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard of Aarhus University in Denmark who leads a consortium of researchers who analyse Kepler's starquake data.

The discovery should help us better understand how our star interacts with the Milky way including how harmful cosmic rays from interstellar space manage to sneak through the solar system's magnetic barrier.

We have seen similar tails in pictures of speeding stars elsewhere in the galaxy. But until now it has been hard to see for sure what our own sun's tail might look like.

Our own sun and the Earth and all of us are made up of atoms that came out of other stars'stellar winds long ago says Mccomas. There's a big recycling process that occurs

and the astrotails or heliotails are where the material coming out of stars or our sun leaves the region of the sun and gets mixed in with the rest of the stuff.

#Three habitable worlds found around the same star Aliens could be watching aliens watching aliens.

That's a realistic prospect now that three potentially habitable planets a record have been glimpsed orbiting the same star.

They found evidence for up to seven worlds including three rocky planets in the star's habitable zone where temperatures should suit life.

which can detect how a star is tugged back and forth by the gravity of an orbiting planet.

#Dust devils around stars may help planets grow A dusty tornado around a young star could help solve a lingering conundrum:

and astronomers have seen young stars ringed by dusty discs from which planets are assumed to form.

and start to drift towards the star. Eventually they either collide with each other and break apart or spiral in to their doom.

The farther you get from the star the smaller the clumps that can form before they start to drift inwards.

For a star like our sun a dusty clump in the same orbit as Earth can grow to about a metre wide.

Older observations had spotted a gap in the disc suggesting that the star has an orbiting body about 10 times the mass of Jupiter that is clearing a space.

and colleagues observed the star at three wavelengths: one sensitive to dust grains a millimetre across

But the millimetre-sized dust grains are concentrated in a large crescent-shaped structure on one side of the star a sign that a vortex may be holding the larger grains in place.

It is quite far from the star so it might be more of a comet factory says van der Marel.

We really hope that in the next coming years we're going to find similar dust traps around other stars where they are close enough to the star that they can form a planet she says.

The researchers led by Professor Joel K. W. Yang at A*STAR (the Agency for Science Technology

To demonstrate how these nanopixels could enable high-resolution 3d color microprints the researchers designed a stereoscopic image containing stars on a 2d sheet by overlaying two slightly displaced views of the same image onto the same area.

A group of researchers from the Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (IBN) of A*STAR has taken the health benefits of green tea to the next level by using one of its ingredients to develop a drug delivery system

Now researchers at A*STAR have used a process known as friction stir processing (see image) to produce an evenly distributed mix of nanosized aluminum oxide (Al2o3) particles in aluminum.

One example of a use for the material is in telescopes to increase the instruments'ability to see very faint stars.

For example it reduces stray-light improving the ability of sensitive telescopes to see the faintest stars

#Planet Without A Star Found â##We have seen never before an object free-floating in space that that looks like this.

It has all the characteristics of young planets found around other stars but it is drifting out there all aloneâ#stated team leader Michael Liu who is with the Institute for Astronomy at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. â

or â##failed stars. â#PSO J318. 5-22â#s ultrared color stood apart from the other objects in the survey astronomers said.

#One In Five Sun-Like Stars Have Earthlike Planets Back in February a team at Harvard announced they had found a possible Earthlike planet just 13 lightyears away.

However if you're stargazing from your backyard with only your eyes to guide you you wouldn't be able to see these cooler smaller stars.#

are around stars that are more like our sun. The study found that for stars that more closely resemble our sun about 22 percent

The habitable zone includes orbits where planets receive the same amount of stellar energy from a star as the Earth receives from the sun. Earth-size planets include those that are between one and two times the size of Earth.

-and K-type stars visible to the naked eye from Earth. These stars'surface temperatures range from just a bit hotter than the sun's 5778 Kelvin to as cool as 4100 Kelvin all of which are hotter than the M-class red dwarfs studied previously.

I do think that this work is a new chapter but it's not a new book Petigura tells Popular Science.

Indeed earlier this year Petigura published another paper that investigated the prevalence of planets as small as Earth but only those within the orbit of Mercury much closer to the star than Earth's orbit.

Out of those 42000 stars the team found 603 planets 10 of which fit the bill for orbit

So using custom-built software called TERRA Petigura corrected for the challenges associated with finding all of the planets orbiting stars in the Kepler field

I've been looking up at these stars quite a bit Petigura says. I was remembering questions I had when

and wondering how many of those stars have planets that are in some way like the Earth. And learning more about planets with similar positioning

. If that were the case it would suggest that water might only be common around certain stars that form in certain ways.#

or all protoplanetary disks around forming stars study author Conel Alexander explained in a press release.##The researchers concluded that a significant portion of Earth s water came from interstellar space by looking at the relative abundance of hydrogen and deuterium.#

In June 2013 Star Citizen became the most crowdfunded project ever at $10 million. Many people who ponied up knew they would have to wait more than a year in some cases to play. 2) Between six and 16 thrusters move the game s ships

That might strain the ship s components. 2011 Developers begin building Star Citizen in secret revealing just enough details to entice investors. 10/10/12 Crowdfunding campaign begins

is slated to release as a stand-alone game within the Star Citizen universe. Late 2015 Early public testing of the universe will begin as the game s designers pull together various modules. 2016 Star Citizen will become available as a seamless universe with modding tools and the ability for players

to host custom servers. This article originally appeared in the September 2014 issue of Popular Science e

and helping him train for the All Star Games through a sequence of animated storybooks that play on a screen in his belly.

These kilobots#where a kilo stands for 1024#can form complex 2d shapes including a star a wrench and the letter#k

Like a pair of whirling skaters, the black-hole duo generates tremendous amounts of energy that makes the core of the host galaxy outshine the glow of its population of billions of stars

and the long tidal tails of young blue stars. The result of the merger has been to make Mrk 231 an energetic starburst galaxy with a star formation rate 100 times greater than that of our Milky way galaxy.

ripples in the fabric of space-time. ee been thinking a lot about using these methods to detect gravitational waves from pulsarsncredibly dense stars that are the mass of our sun compressed into a 10 km radius and spin at 10 to 100 times a second,

since being part of the New york Tech Stars accelerator in 2012. The technology is expensive to build

and the word for"star''in a local language. The find was made in the Rising Star cave system.

The creature, which evidently walked upright, represents a mix of traits. For example, the hands and feet look like Homo,

With this information the telescope is able to direct itself towards various objects in space including planets, galaxies, asteroids and stars automatically.

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