"Not only are designed our facilities to work with all different sorts of materials from metals to oxides,
UC Berkeley chemists have developed now a porous and flexible material so-called metal-organic framework (MOF) or storing methane that addresses these problems.
"3d printing of metal radically changes that. By looking at 3d printing not for that overall structure
If the number of zinc ions increases following transient severe brain damage, these ions dock in greater numbers onto a switch, the so-called metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF1.
It an inexpensive metal and it produces a very, very stable action in its water electrolysis cell.
like a metal, by using either electrical or optical pulses, "the press release explains.""These two states have very different physical properties,
and have made a range of different types by mixing metals such as magnesium, palladium, or copper-but only after an expensive and lengthy process of trial and error.
"The difference between metallic glasses and regular metals is their atomic structure. Normal metals are crystalline when solid,
which means their atoms are arranged in a highly organised way. Metallic glass alloys, on the other hand, have disordered a highly structure,
looks at the atomic structure of different metals and identifies whether they'd be able to create a metallic glass.
because the metals have an incredibly high melting point. Instead of melting the metals to fuse them,
they are combined through a process called sintering which uses heat and/or pressure to join the small,
Liang said conventional inorganic metal-based batteries and energy storage devices are expensive partly because the materials used to make them,
enabling a path to a more sustainable energy landscape without the need of energy-intensive, expensive and sometimes toxic metal-based compounds,
#First metal-free catalyst created for rechargeable zinc-air batteries Zinc-air batteries are expected to be safer, lighter, cheaper and more powerful and durable than lithium-ion batteries common in mobile phones and laptops and increasingly used in hybrid and electric cars.
and metal-free catalysts can reduce cost while improving performance,"said Liming Dai, professor of macromolecular science and engineering at Case Western Reserve University and senior author of the study."
even recently developed carbon-based catalysts with metals. Moving forward, Dai's team has begun to further optimize the process
or better than more expensive metal-based catalysts used in alkaline and acidic fuel cells and in dye-sensitized solar cells."
"Maybe it's time to push for metal-free catalysts in commercial devices, "Dai said d
a certain portion of them will act more like metals than semiconductors--an unforgiving flaw that fouls the film,
This changed the metal's surface and made the gel adhere more closely to the metalpppl was also involved with crucial tests of the material last summer,
#From metal to insulator and back again Metals are compounds that are capable of conducting the flow of electrons that make up an electric current.
At low temperatures, all materials can be classified as either insulators or metals. New work homes in on the physics underlying the recently discovered fact that some metals stop being metallic under pressure.
New work from Carnegie's Russell Hemley and Ivan Naumov hones in on the physics underlying the recently discovered fact that some metals stop being metallic under pressure.
Their work is published in Physical Review Letters. Metals are compounds that are capable of conducting the flow of electrons that make up an electric current.
Other materials, called insulators, are not capable of conducting an electric current. At low temperatures, all materials can be classified as either insulators or metals.
Insulators can be pushed across the divide from insulator to metal by tuning their surrounding conditions,
particularly by placing them under pressure. It was believed long that once such a material was converted into a metal under pressure,
it would stay that way forever as the pressure was increased. This idea goes back to the birth of quantum mechanics in the early decades of the last century.
But it was discovered recently that certain groups of metals become insulating under pressure-a remarkable finding that was thought not previously possible.
Hemley and Naumov wanted to determine the unifying physics framework underlying these unexpected metal-to-insulator-to-metal transitions."
when metals will become insulators under pressure, as well as the reverse, the when-insulators-can-become-metals transition,
"Naumov said. The onsets of these transitions can be determined by the positions of electrons within the basic structure of the material.
Hemley and Naumov demonstrated that for a metal to become an insulator, these reduced-spacing overlaps must be organized in a specific kind of asymmetry that was recognized not previously.
In past research Salahuddin and his colleagues found that directing electrical current through the rare metal tantalum creates polarity in magnets without an external magnetic field.
Lithium metal, for example, can store about 10 times as much energy per gram, but is extremely dangerous,
These atoms form a thin, molecular sandwich with the one metal and two chalcogenides, and depending on their fabrication method can exist in several slightly different shaped atomic arrangements.
"By'sandwiching'one or two atomic layers of a transition metal like titanium, between monoatomic layers of another metal, such as molybdenum,
"Anasori plans to make more materials by replacing titanium with other metals, such as vanadium, niobium,
Rare and expensive metals such as platinum can serve as effective catalysts, but in its work the team discovered that it could create a much cheaper,
The same design principle can be extended easily to other materials beyond silicon, such as metals glass ceramics and plastics.
and manufacturing the tiny metal connections that go into flexible electronics. The metal has to undergo severe stretching
and bending while continuing to conduct electricity. Manufacturers have used so far tiny metal springs that can stretch
a fairly inexpensive metal compared to gold, and periodically bonded it to a plastic layer commonly used in electronics,
it was actually the plastic layer that failed, not the metal.""This is a quantum improvement in stretchable electronics
the researchers also want to better understand the metal's behavior.""A metal film doubling its size
"We have proposed a model for the stretchy metal but much work is needed to validate it.
the antenna is made from two metal plates placed in parallel to form a waveguide. One of the plates has a small slit in it.
and fatigue has been a deadly disease for metals, "the researchers wrote.""We weaken the constraint of the substrate by making the interface between the Au (gold) nanomesh and PDMS slippery,
when a nonmagnetic metal is used in such a measurement'In our experiment we can move a metallic tip over a surface with atomic-scale precision,
At that point, a reflective metal layer is on the bottom.""In this structure--unlike other photodetectors--light absorption in an ultrathin silicon layer can be much more efficient
and not have a higher thermal expansion coefficient than the metal otherwise the inserts would separate from the substrate.
metal wires are limited in terms of speed due to the resistance in the metal itself. Fiber optics use light to move information about 10
or gaps in metals. The team, which included researchers from Rutgers, the University of Colorado at Colorado springs,
and then layered on top with a sheet of gold metal. Because graphene sticks better to gold than to copper,
which we can place single-layer graphene between two metals and ensure that it contains no rips,
In past research, Salahuddin and his colleagues found that directing electrical current through the rare metal tantalum creates polarity in magnets without an external magnetic field.
An X-ray diffraction technique confirmed that these were nanoparticles of KUST-1 a copper-based Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) notable for its very large surface area (exceeding 2000 square-metres in each gram.
The same design principle can be extended easily to other materials beyond silicon, such as metals glass ceramics and plastics.
In this case, the antenna is made from two metal plates placed in parallel to form a waveguide.
Finally, physical vapor deposition is used to deposit optically-transparent thin layers of calcium then aluminum metals atop the nanotube forest.
So the ideal structure uses the antenna as one of the metals in the diode
If the number of zinc ions increases following transient severe brain damage, these ions dock in greater numbers onto a switch, the so-called metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF1.
Researchers found that sections of metal can be made to either promote bubbling (the two rectangles at the edges)
simply by switching the polarity of voltages applied to the metal. Image courtesy of the researchersthe system
or repelled by, a metal surface by changing the polarity of the voltage applied to the metal.
in turn, allows control over the rate of heat transfer between the metal and the liquid.
In this stage a reflective metal layer ends up being on the bottom. In this structure coming light is blocked not by any metal layers or other materials.
Previously, Salahuddin and his colleagues had discovered that passing a current through the rare metal tantalum creates polarity in magnets without an external magnetic field.
#K scientists create magnetism in nonmagnetic metals Scientists at Leeds University have discovered a method to create magnetism in metals that aren naturally magnetic,
opening up the possibility of using a range of abundant metals for magnetic applications. The study, published in the journal Nature, details a way of altering the quantum interactions of matter
However, only three metals iron cobalt and nickel-are naturally ferromagnetic, meaning they remain magnetic in the absence of a field. aving such a small variety of magnetic materials limits our ability to tailor magnetic systems to the needs of applications without using very rare
co-lead author on the paper. aving to build devices with only the three magnetic metals naturally available to us is rather like trying to build a skyscraper using only wrought iron.
which is also known as a uckyball The movement of electrons between the metal and the molecules allows the nonmagnetic material to overcome the Stoner Criterion
Aluminium is also a cheaper metal than lithium. p
#Streaming helps digital music match global physical sales Fuelled by the popularity of streaming, digital music has matched
The researchers found that the material can also remove other toxic metals from water and it safely stores the pollutants until it can be removed.
Manufacturing defects such as particles of metal and dust can pierce the separator and trigger shorting as Sony discovered in 2006.
But the results should apply to many different metals says Li senior author of the paper and the BEA Professor of Nuclear Science and Engineering.
and metal--and also suppressed biofilm formation in a study reported in Nature Biotechnology. But that's not All the team implanted medical-grade tubing
and genetic diseases by combining the chemical specificity of the DNA with the signal readout of the metal.
#Unusual skin cancer linked to chronic allergy from metal orthopedic implant In rare cases patients with allergies to metals develop persistent skin rashes after metal devices are implanted near the skin.
But people with sensitivity to these metals which include nickel cobalt and chromium can develop chronic inflammation that promotes the development of skin cancers report researchers at Washington University School of medicine
but for some patients with sensitivity to metals they may be the best option. Similar to metal implants some dental restoration materials and tattoo inks contain substances associated with allergic reactions and cancers on the skin or in the mouth.
and in particular metals such as gold. Localized surface plasmons of metal nanostructures result in unique optical properties with characteristics that depend upon the metal composition,
Jewelers in India are required by law to test the purity of gold using an optical emission spectrometer that analyzes the composition of the metal on the basis of the emitted light spectrum.
Quantum dots, a type of nanocrystals discovered in the early 1980s, are made by combining metals such as lead
works with any material except for metal, meaning almost any surface at home or in a business space could be designed to deliver power.
#A Tunable Liquid Metal Antennas for Tuning in to Anything Tuning in is getting to be complicated a thing.
a liquid metal antenna that can continuously adapt to different wavelengths by changing its length inside a capillary.
Instead of external pumps, the NC State researchers used a voltage to control the amount of liquid metal allowed to flow into a capillary.
Michael Dickey, a chemical engineer at NC State, discovered that a voltage across the interface of a liquid metal,
combined with an electrolyte could cause the liquid metal to spread or to contract, depending on
A positive voltage causes the formation of an oxide layer on the metal, lowering the surface tension
causing the metal to contract, resisting flow. The researchers used the electrochemical control of the fluidity of the liquid metal to coax it into and out of a capillary.
Their setup resembled a fever thermometer, where the length of the mercury column in a capillary is controlled by the thermal expansion of the mercury in a reservoir connected to the capillary.
For centimeter-wavelengths, liquid metal antennas would remain separate elements in the circuitry, but for millimeter waves they could be integrated on microfluidic chips,
and then attached them to gold metal electrodes of differing sizes. The results were impressive.
placing the heating element inside a metal box that reflects back most of the infrared energy,
and graphene-based on-chip optical communications. n work published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology researchers suspended graphene above a silicon substrate by attaching it to two metal electrodes
The grids linked to two metal edestalsthat jutted out of Sorto skull. Within one month of surgery, Sorto was ready to get to work.
Instead of a periodic structure of metal, which absorbs light, they use two dielectric materials, a Teflon substrate studded with cylinders made of a ceramic.
You can use either a paramagnetic metal or a paramagnetic insulator to do it now. c
Finally, you can use it with private cloud infrastructure services including virtual machines, bare metal and Openstack.
and joints they could make ceramics metals and other materials that can recover after being crushed like a sponge.
causing the metal to migrate into the holes, forming an electrical connection between the electrodes.
#A Cleaner, Cheaper Way to Make Metals In lab space across from a yoga studio in an office park in Natick, Massachusetts,
Adam Powell holds up a brilliant white ceramic tube that he says is the key to making the production of many widely used metals significantly cheaper
While Infinium approach can be used to produce other metals, including magnesium and aluminum, the company is starting with rare earths
and high costs and environmental challenges have prevented companies from processing rare earth ore to make metals domestically.
transforming partially processed oresetal oxidesnto metals. This can be done by immersing the oxides in a bath of molten salt and running electricity through the mixture.
and separating rare earth oxides from other materials in the ore (other new processes are being developed to address those issuesee he Rare-Earth Crisis. But for metals such as aluminum and magnesium,
Making these metals much cheaper could, for one thing, transform car-making. Parts made of these metals weigh far less than the steel parts ordinarily used in cars,
while being just as strong. The weight savings could reduce fuel consumption by 10 percent, according to an auto industry consortium.
Finding an alternative to carbon has long been the reamof the metals industry, says Donald Sadoway,
If it produces a good metal at a lower cost, people will be interested. l
#Military Funds Brain-Computer Interfaces to Control Feelings Researcher Jose Carmena has worked for years training macaque monkeys to move computer cursors and robotic limbs with their minds.
#Microrobots, Working Together, Build with Metal, Glass, and Electronics Someone glancing through the door of Annjoe Wong-Foy lab at SRI International might think his equipment is infested by ants.
#Copper and its alloys destroy'stomach flu'virus Metal surfaces containing copper can destroy human norovirus, one of the causes of gastroenteritis or'stomach flu,
"Printing an intricate, ornate metal bridge for a special location to show what our robots and software engineers,
In this technique, small increments of molten metal are welded to the existing structure, creating lines of steel
"Printing an intricate, ornate metal bridge for a special location to show what our robots and software engineers,
In this technique, small increments of molten metal are welded to the existing structure, creating lines of steel
The Columbia scientists, working with researchers in South korea, attached small strips of graphene to microscopic metal electrodes which passed an electric current through the suspended strips causing them to heat up and bright
The Columbia scientists, working with researchers in South korea, attached small strips of graphene to microscopic metal electrodes which passed an electric current through the suspended strips causing them to heat up and bright
According to the company, this implementation s designed for a quick and smooth assimilation within existing High Volume Manufacturing (HVM) production lines-using the same metal pastes
typically composed of rare metals such as coated gold, platinum, or gadolinium. Alternatives sensitizers could be made of carbon-based nanostructures,
this phenomenon yields electrons with higher energy than pure metals, thus inducing greater biological damage. In this study, the authors analysed the spectra of secondary electrons emitted from a carbon nanoparticle composed of fullerite,
key enabling catalytic powder materials developed to reduce the dependence on the use of costly platinum group metals (PGMS) in vehicle emission control systems currently undergoing vehicle
The tiny amount of metal used in the spirals means they are not expensive to make-however,
if you shine any kind of radiation on a metal, you get this big flux of low energy electrons coming out. he finding suggests a new avenue for radiation oncology:
At its most basic level, a battery is made of two metal electrodes (an anode and a cathode) with some sort of solution between them (electrolyte.
and plastically deforms to weld the metal together. ach one of these reservoirs, until you open it,
Surface plasmons are confined to the surface of a metal. In order to create wakes through them, Capasso's team designed a faster-than-light running wave of charge along a one-dimensional metamaterial--like a powerboat speeding across a lake.
and flexible electronics. raphene is more conductive than any metal we know of, and it 200 times stronger than steel because of the way the atoms bond to form a hexagonal pattern (think of chicken wire) with a cloud of free electrons hovering above and below it,
One major source of toxic metal contamination is the ocean. When mercury pollutes the water
The advance offers a pathway for industries to wean themselves off of platinum, one of the scarcest metals in the earth's crust.
In an effort to reduce the catalysis world's dependence on this highly reactive and versatile--but also quite expensive--metal,
with the ultimate goal of replacing platinum and palladium with more affordable metals.""This demonstrates a completely new concept about how you can make materials that would utilize a minimal amount of precious metals,
Arizona State university and Xiamen University in China have developed a new fabrication method that minimizes the need for expensive metal to induce catalytic activity in fuel cell applications.
The secret behind the new technology is a process of growing infrared-detecting crystals called Metal Organic Vapour Phase Epitaxial (or OVPE
Metals and even glass can also be used. So, we're talking about small routine parts here, rather than large structures-at the moment.
and plastically deforms to weld the metal together. ach one of these reservoirs, until you open it,
Previous research has evaluated the use of microneedles made of silicon or metal but they were shown not to be safe.
This created hollow tubes suitable for the addition of a liquid metal. For initial studies, silver was used to fill the tubes via nano-injection.
It can be inflated in less than one second by pulling a metal lever and triggering the CO2 cylinder to fill the balloon,
New alloy has highest melting point of any known metal at 4, 126°C a new material with a higher melting point than any other known substance has been invented by scientists.
460°F)- two thirds the temperature of the surface of the sun. The extreme melting point makes the metal a candidate for creating a real-life version of adamantium the almost indestructible fictional metal used to make Wolverine's claws in the X-men
Most metals require high temperatures to melt because they have stable molecular structures that require a lot of energy to break.
over the uneven metal layers. his is had why we to find a means of filling in
whose electronic properties are similar to those of metals, black arsenic phosphorus behaves like a semiconductor.
whose electronic properties are similar to those of metals, black arsenic phosphorus behaves like a semiconductor.
In contrast to the unidirectional current flow of electrons in a regular metal, a material that behaves as a opological insulatorwould be useful in several spintronic applications.
#Researchers developed hydrophobic metals using laser Engineers have spent decades studying super-hydrophobic surfaces because of the plethora of real-life applications.
Researchers from the University of Rochester have developed a method to make metals hydrophobic or waterproof when they are treated with lasers.
#How lasers make metal super water repellent Scientists have used lasers to turn metals into extremely water repellent materials without the need for temporary coatings.
-and nanoscale structures to give the metals their new properties. This work builds on earlier research by the team in which they used a similar laser-patterning technique that turned metals black.
Guo says that with this technique, they can create multifunctional surfaces that are not only super-hydrophobic but also highly-absorbent optically.
Guo adds that one of the big advantages of his team process is that he structures created by our laser on the metals are intrinsically part of the material surface.
And it is these patterns that make the metals repel water. he material is so strongly water-repellent,
Unlike Guo laser-treated metals, the Teflon kitchen tools are not super-hydrophobic. The difference is that to make water to roll off a Teflon coated material,
You can make water roll off Guo metals by tilting them less than five degrees. As the water bounces off the super-hydrophobic surfaces
but ultra-short laser pulses to change the surface of the metals. A femtosecond laser pulse lasts on the order of a quadrillionth of a second
MULTIFUNCTIONAL METALS Guo is keen to stress that this same technique can give rise to multifunctional metals.
Metals are naturally excellent reflectors of light. That why they appear to have a shiny luster.
The combination of light-absorbing properties with making metals water repellent could lead to more efficient solar absorbersolar absorbers that don rust
and metal the material has a special superconducting property at very low temperatures. The superconductor in this case is aluminium.
The atoms sit in a perfectly ordered lattice in the nanowire crystal not only in the semiconductor and the metal but also in the transition between the two very different components which is significant in itself explains Peter Krogstrup an assistant professor who helped develop the contact.
Previous research has evaluated the use of microneedles made of silicon or metal, but they were shown not to be safe.
or the interaction between light and free electrons on a metal's surface. When exposed to light,
gold is a popular metal for plasmonic photothermal heating since it is extremely efficient at absorbing light.
#3d printing breakthrough creates metal and copper structures The method developed at the University of Twente in The netherlands involves microscopic drops created from a thin metal film that is melted by a pulsed laser.
The key to this breakthrough in printing metals seems to be using a higher energy laser than in previous attempts.
creating drops of metal that maintained a more spherical shape and led to the creation of a stack that was less stable.
The team plans to look into this effect to improve printing capability not just in metals
Other efforts around the globe to print metals are also beginning to bear fruit, including hopes to exploit Australia's plentiful titanium reserves.
The key to this breakthrough in printing metals seems to be using a higher energy laser than in previous attempts.
creating drops of metal that maintained a more spherical shape and led to the creation of a stack that was less stable.
The team plans to look into this effect to improve printing capability not just in metals
Other efforts around the globe to print metals are also beginning to bear fruit, including hopes to exploit Australia's plentiful titanium reserves.
and threads of metal soldered onto the surface) to exploit a phenomenon known as magnetoresistance to develop a high electric resistance,
so a North carolina State university team is developing a new lightweight shielding based on foam metals that can block X-rays, gamma rays,
foam metals have been around for over a century. In its simplest form a foam is made by bubbling a gas through molten metal to form a light froth that cools into a lightweight matrix.
This produces a foam that is lighter than conventional metals, but has comparable strength. Foams can also be made by milling or 3d printing,
but whatever the method, they are expensive and difficult to manufacture, so their uses are restricted to very specialized applications, such as spacecraft or advanced cooling systems.
The new foam metal being developed by the NC State team led by Afsaneh Rabiei, a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, was created originally as a strong,
According to the team, the foam metal was subjected to multiple tests, which showed that it was effective in blocking X-rays, various forms of higher and lower energy gamma rays, and neutron radiation.
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