That coated metal foil then has to be dried in a series of ovens, before it sent off for further processing,
By placing a positive or negative electrical voltage across the interface between the liquid metal and an electrolyte,
they found that they could cause the liquid metal to spread (flow into a capillary)
and radiation pattern. sing a liquid metal such as eutectic gallium and indium that can change its shape allows us to modify antenna properties such as frequency more dramatically than is possible with a fixed conductor,
The positive voltage lectrochemically deposits an oxide on the surface of the metal that lowers the surface tension,
These differences in surface tension dictate which direction the metal will flow. This advance makes it possible to emove
or regenerate enough of the xide skinwith an applied voltage to make the liquid metal flow into or out of the capillary.
which is much like an electrochemical pump for the liquid metal, Adams noted. Although antenna properties can be reconfigured to some extent by using solid conductors with electronic switches,
the liquid metal approach greatly increases the range over which the antenna operating frequency can be tuned. ur antenna prototype using liquid metal can tune over a range of at least two times greater than systems using electronic switches,
he pointed out. Previous liquid-metal designs typically required external pumps that can be integrated easily into electronic systems.
Liquid metal systems ield a larger range of tuning than conventional reconfigurable antennas, and the same approach can be applied to other components such as tunable filters,
In the long term, Adams and colleagues hope to gain greater control of the shape of the liquid metal in two-dimensional surfaces to obtain nearly any desired antenna shape. his would enable enormous flexibility in the electromagnetic properties of the antenna
The electronics that ecoatm reclaims can be mined for the valuable and rare metals they contain.
and it is nearly impossible for these printers to produce semiconductors or single crystalline metals,
springy metal interconnect coils and antennas for soft electronic devices designed to integrate with the human body,
Because of the tiny quantities of metal actually used, they can be made inexpensively out of precious metals,
and energy to move around until it found its preferred spot in the metal crystalline structure.
the highest strengths ever measured in that crystal structure of metal so theye going to be attractive to use in all sorts of devices
Surface plasmons are confined to the surface of a metal. In order to create wakes through them, Capasso's team designed a faster-than-light running wave of charge along a one-dimensional metamaterialike a powerboat speeding across a lake.
Typically, scientists who study these circuits have to choose between injecting drugs through bulky metal tubes
Metals at atomic scale March 2nd, 2015waterloo invention advances quantum computing research: New device, which will be used in labs around the world to develop quantum technologies,
"Any time you use a nanoscale emitter to perform super-resolution imaging near a metal
The metal that is easier to be injected with a charge varies depending on whether it is a p-type or n-type.*
automobile manufacturing and all industries related to aluminum and light metals. Novel technologies take step towards the production of lighter but stronger alloys to save energy.
but growing Bi2pt2o7 directly as a film requires oxidizing the platinum metal--a challenging step.
Conventional materials used today to shield from incoming electromagnetic waves tend to be sheets of metal or composites,
Because of the tiny quantities of metal actually used they can be made inexpensively out of precious metals,
A wide range of reactive or conductive metals can be used, including platinum, gold, and palladium.
"We can stack metals on insulators, too, embedding different functional properties and interactions within one lattice structure."
which endow them with several advantages compared to traditional metal-based metamaterials. The key advantages include enormous degree of tunability, relatively low losses,
and eliminate the chemical harms caused by metals. Detection and measurement of cadmium is very important among all different metals.
In addition, although small amounts of zinc is necessary to the body its high concentration causes digestive malfunctions and results in the related diseases due to its toxicity.
Therefore, the researchers focused on the detection of these metals, specially in foodstuff that are complicated very in terms of measurement.
Magnetic organometallic framework (MOF) nanocomposite has been used to selectively separate these metals from the foodstuff and their pre-concentration.
The embedded metal ions in the Ni1-xcuxcr2o4 spinel system cause a distortion of the crystal structure.
as temperature-induced damage, strains, metal spiking and unintentional diffusion of dopants may occur.""Thus, although the conventional graphene fabrication method of chemical vapor deposition is used widely for the large-area synthesis of graphene on copper and nickel films,
#Rice university finding could lead to cheap, efficient metal-based solar cells: Plasmonics study suggests how to maximize production of'hot electrons'Abstract:
or nanostructure is that you can excite some subset of electrons in the metal to a much higher energy level,
or to drive chemical reactions on otherwise inert metal surfaces. Today's most efficient photovoltaic cells use a combination of semiconductors that are made from rare and expensive elements like gallium and indium.
and subsequently, these metals, if they are contained in the food, can be detected by sensing their magnetic fields using SQUID sensors.
or through the use of symmetric molecules with different metals as the two electrodes. However, the resulting asymmetric junctions yielded low rectification ratios,
Most commercial RFID tags are made from metals like aluminium and copper, Huang said, expensive materials with complicated fabrication processes that increase the cost."
#Exciton, exciton on the wall Researchers have observed, in metals for the first time, transient excitons the primary response of free electrons to light.
Here, the researchers discovered that the surface electrons of silver crystals can maintain the excitonic state more than 100 times longer than for the bulk metal,
Detecting excitons in metals could provide clues on how light is converted into electrical and chemical energy in solar cells and plants.
This research may also provide ways to alter the function of metals in order to develop active elements for technologies such as optical communications by controlling how light is reflected from a metal.
The act of looking in a mirror is an everyday experience, but the quantum mechanical description behind this familiar phenomenon is still unknown.
the light shakes the metals free electrons and the resulting acceleration of electrons creates a nearly perfect replica of the incident light providing a reflection.
studying and proving how excitons function in metals is difficult because they are extremely short-lived,
For the first time researchers have observed excitons at metallic surfaces that maintain the excitonic state 100 times longer than in the bulk metal,
This discovery sheds light on the primary excitonic response of solids which could allow quantum control of electrons in metals, semiconductors,
It can be used wherever metals are exposed to severe weather conditions, aggressive gases, media containing salt, heavy wear or high pressures.
It is suitable for steels, metal alloys and metals such as aluminum, magnesium and copper, and can be used to coat any shape of plates, pipes, gear wheels, tools or machine parts.
A reproducible molten state of a metal such as platinum could have useful catalytic properties while preserving the integrity and large surface area of the particle.
Because of the tiny quantities of metal actually used, they can be made inexpensively out of precious metals,
the metal is expensive and was used only as a model. The study will actually help guide the search for alternative catalyst materials
#3d printing of metal with microscale droplets A team of researchers from the University of Twente has found a way to 3d print structures of copper and gold,
If metals could be used for 3d printing as well, this would open a wide new range of possibilities.
Metals conduct electricity and heat very well, and they're very robust. Therefore, 3d printing in metals would allow manufacturing of entirely new devices and components,
such as small cooling elements or connections between stacked chips in smartphones. However, metals melt at a high temperature.
This makes controlled deposition of metal droplets highly challenging. Thermally robust nozzles are required to process liquid metals,
but these are hardly available. For small structures in particular (from 100 nanometres to 10 micrometres) no good solutions for this problem existed yet.
This means that the results can be translated readily to other metals as well. One remaining problem is that the high laser energy also results in droplets landing on the substrate next to the desired location.
to enable clean printing with metals, gels, pastas or extremely thick fluids s
#Engineers'synthetic immune organ produces antibodies Cornell engineers have created a functional, synthetic immune organ that produces antibodies
A wide range of reactive or conductive metals can be used, including platinum, gold, and palladium.
"We can stack metals on insulators, too, embedding different functional properties and interactions within one lattice structure."
typically platinum and iridium, two rare and costly metals. But in 2014, Stanford chemist Hongjie Dai developed a water splitter made of inexpensive nickel and iron that runs on an ordinary 1. 5-volt battery.
At its most basic level, a battery is made of two metal electrodes (an anode and a cathode) with some sort of solution between them (electrolyte.
and plastically deforms to weld the metal together. Each one of these reservoirs, until you open it,
which unlike metals do not absorb light. This cloak includes two dielectrics, a proprietary ceramic and Teflon,
'Using widely-available polycrystalline metals in this way can open up many possibilities for cost-reduction and larger-scale graphene production for applications where very high quality graphene is needed.'
as temperature-induced damage, strains, metal spiking and unintentional diffusion of dopants may occur.""Thus, although the conventional graphene fabrication method of chemical vapor deposition is used widely for the large-area synthesis of graphene on copper and nickel films,
You can use either a paramagnetic metal or a paramagnetic insulator to do it now
#Superfast fluorescence sets new speed record (Nanowerk News) Researchers have developed an ultrafast light-emitting device that can flip on and off 90 billion times a second
a quality found normally in metals and new"metamaterials, "which contain features, patterns or elements that enable unprecedented control of light by harnessing clouds of electrons called surface plasmons.
Doping the zinc oxide causes it to behave like a metal at certain wavelengths and like a dielectric at other wavelengths.
or is shot down there is no terrible news to pass to the families of the aircrew just a pile of crumpled metal.
this project will utilize 3ds's Direct Metal Printing technology as well as the additive manufacturing and materials expertise of Penn State's Center for Innovative Materials Processing through Direct Digital Deposition (CIMP-3d).
and Direct Metal 3d printing capabilities to meet the high standards of production demanded by the US Air force.
aerospace and defense manufacturers are expected to gain full control of the direct metal manufacturing process at the layer level,
delivering"fully dense, chemically-pure, flightworthy metals parts
#Precision optics deliver next-gen endoscopes A trio of companies has collaborated to develop a tiny new CMOS imaging module designed specifically for endoscopes.
The resulting objects are an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to the metals and plastics that currently dominate 3d printing.
Two different metals, a anode and a cathode are submerged into different solutions and are connected by a salt bridge to form a reaction,
#Scientists Create Liquid Metal Antenna By placing an electrical potential across the interface between liquid eutectic gallium and indium and an electrolyte,
Dr Adams and his colleagues found that they could cause the metals to spread by applying a positive voltage
or to contract by applying a negative voltage. sing a liquid metal that can change its shape allows us to modify antenna properties more dramatically than is possible with a fixed conductor,
and elongate a filament of liquid metal and change the antenna operating frequency. Applying a small positive voltage causes the metal to flow into a capillary,
while applying a small negative voltage makes the metal withdraw from the capillary. he positive voltage electrochemically deposits an oxide on the surface of the metal that lowers the surface tension,
while a negative potential removes the oxide to increase the surface tension. These differences in surface tension dictate which direction the metal will flow,
Dr Adams explained. his advance makes it possible to remove or regenerate enough of the xide skinwith an applied voltage to make the liquid metal flow into or out of the capillary.
We call this lectrochemically controlled capillarity, which is much like an electrochemical pump for the liquid metal.
Although antenna properties can be reconfigured to some extent by using solid conductors with electronic switches
the liquid metal approach greatly increases the range over which the antenna operating frequency can be tuned. or eutectic gallium-indium monopoles with lengths between 75m and 4m, the measured resonance frequency tunes from 0. 66 GHZ to 3. 4hz for a tuning
%which, while lower than a conventional monopole, presents a tradeoff between efficiency and versatility that is evident in most tunable systems. ur antenna prototype using liquid metal can tune over a range of at least two times greater than systems using electronic switches,
And Doesn't Metals, which conduct electricity, and insulators, which don, are polar opposites. At least that what wee believed until now.
On the other hand, electrons in conducting materials such as metals flow freely over long distances. So how can you possibly get electrons behaving in both ways in a single material?
which the bulk itself behaves both as a metal and an insulator. Crystal clear? The material we explored is a well-known insulator that has been studied
and magnetisation a property known as uantum oscillations Such quantum oscillations are inherently a property of metals,
it was also severely violating the rules for conventional metals. Explaining the inexplicable How can we resolve the apparent contradiction inherent in a material that is both a metal and an insulator?
One possibility is that, contrary to current understanding, electrons in certain insulators can somehow behave as if they were in a metal.
This behaviour may involve the strange properties of quantum mechanics. According to quantum mechanics, particles can occupy two states at the same time.
In this way, the strange behaviour of our material could be explained by the fact that wee discovered a new quantum state that fluctuates between being a metal and an insulator.
Our discovery of a material that is neither a conventional metal nor a conventional insulator could be such an mergentquantum phase of matter.
decades of conventional wisdom regarding the fundamental dichotomy between metals and insulators are likely about to be turned on their head.
heating the metal to 1, 500 degrees Celsius (2, 732 Fahrenheit) before melding it into place.
and metal, has a special superconducting property at very low temperatures and could play a central role in the development of future electronics."
not only in the semiconductor and the metal, but also in the transition between the two very different components,
"In its current state, the metal is a passive material, meaning we need to introduce other elements that will help us control the elastic waves we send to it,
#Laser-generated surface structures create extremely water-repellent self-cleaning metals Super-hydrophobic materials are desirable for a number of applications such as rust prevention anti-icing or even in sanitation uses.
-and nanoscale structures to give the metals their new properties. This work builds on earlier research by the team in which they used a similar laser-patterning technique that turned metals black.
Guo states that using this technique they can create multifunctional surfaces that are not only super-hydrophobic but also highly-absorbent optically.
Guo adds that one of the big advantages of his team's process is that the structures created by our laser on the metals are intrinsically part of the material surface.
And it is these patterns that make the metals repel water. The material is so strongly water-repellent the water actually gets bounced off.
Unlike Guo's laser-treated metals the Teflon kitchen tools are not super-hydrophobic. The difference is that to make water to roll off a Teflon coated material you need to tilt the surface to nearly a 70-degree angle before the water begins to slide off.
You can make water roll off Guo's metals by tilting them less than five degrees. As the water bounces off the super-hydrophobic surfaces it also collects dust particles
It currently takes an hour to pattern a 1 inch by 1 inch metal sample
but ultra-short laser pulses to change the surface of the metals. A femtosecond laser pulse lasts on the order of a quadrillionth of a second
Guo is keen to stress that this same technique can give rise to multifunctional metals. Metals are naturally excellent reflectors of light.
That's why they appear to have a shiny luster. Turning them black can therefore make them very efficient at absorbing light.
The combination of light-absorbing properties with making metals water repellent could lead to more efficient solar absorbers--solar absorbers that don't rust
but often breathe compounds based on metals--typically forms of solid iron. Scientists had witnessed previously decreasing concentrations of uranium in groundwater
typically platinum and iridium, two rare and costly metals. But in 2014, Stanford chemist Hongjie Dai developed a water splitter made of inexpensive nickel and iron that runs on an ordinary 1. 5-volt battery.
A wide range of reactive or conductive metals can be used, including platinum, gold, and palladium.
"We can stack metals on insulators, too, embedding different functional properties and interactions within one lattice structure."
""The material we studied is an unconventional semiconductor made of alternating atomically thin layers of metals
"CMOS, or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor, is based the silicon technology used to make transistors in microchips.
the various intermediary steps in the production process still require metals and produce waste.""The KU Leuven researchers developed a new technique."
and without using metals. In addition, the production process is cheaper, because we can skip a step."
The embedded metal ions in the Ni1-xcuxcr2o4 spinel system cause a distortion of the crystal structure.
The research by the lab of Rice physicist Emilia Morosan has already been cited as a textbook example of how magnetism arises in metals.
when the metal is cooled to 36 kelvins, about minus 395 degrees Fahrenheit.""Magnetization is a function of temperature,
Tiau is only the third known itinerant magnetic metal made with no magnetic elements. The other two, both ferromagnets that activate their magnetic order at temperatures even colder than Tiau
They also allow for handy things like electrical conductivity in metals. Atomic moments in local-moment ferromagnets--that is, common magnetic materials--align all of their spins in the same direction.
may act as a sponge that safely binds a metal that can damage brain tissue when it's in excess.
It also wraps around the metal in a way that prevents it from producing free radicals.""Given these properties and its relative abundance,
or the interaction between light and free electrons on a metal's surface. When exposed to light
is a popular metal for this plasmonic photothermal heating because it is so efficient at absorbing light.
#Laser-generated surface structures create extremely water-repellent metals Super-hydrophobic properties could lead to applications in solar panels,
sanitation and as rust-free metals Scientists at the University of Rochester have used lasers to transform metals into extremely water repellent,
-and nanoscale structures to give the metals their new properties. This work builds on earlier research by the team in which they used a similar laser-patterning technique that turned metals black.
Guo states that using this technique they can create multifunctional surfaces that are not only super-hydrophobic but also highly-absorbent optically.
Guo adds that one of the big advantages of his team process is that he structures created by our laser on the metals are intrinsically part of the material surface.
And it is these patterns that make the metals repel water. he material is so strongly water-repellent,
Unlike Guo laser-treated metals, the Teflon kitchen tools are not super-hydrophobic. The difference is that to make water to roll off a Teflon coated material
You can make water roll off Guo metals by tilting them less than five degrees. As the water bounces off the super-hydrophobic surfaces,
but ultra-short laser pulses to change the surface of the metals. A femtosecond laser pulse lasts on the order of a quadrillionth of a second
Guo is keen to stress that this same technique can give rise to multifunctional metals. Metals are naturally excellent reflectors of light.
That why they appear to have a shiny luster. Turning them black can therefore make them very efficient at absorbing light.
The combination of light-absorbing properties with making metals water repellent could lead to more efficient solar absorbers solar absorbers that don rust
#New catalyst process uses light not metal for rapid polymerization A team of chemistry and materials science experts from University of California,
How can we do this without any metals? said Craig Hawker, director of the Dow Materials Institute at UCSB. e looked toward developing an organic catalyst that is highly reducing in the excited state,
but the new metal-free rapid polymerization process ushes controlled radical polymerization into new areas and new applications, according to Hawker. any processes in use today all start with ATRP.
They were then able to gently scrape some of the silver to leave behind two islands of metal as electrodes, with a strip of silicene between them.
the team is also considering the use of other metals, such as zinc and magnesium that could serve as the anode in a battery of this type. e also expect that other organometallic compounds with multi-valence-state metal centers (redox centers) may also function as the anode,
In the normal non-superconducting phase, the electrons in most metals move independentlyhe scattering of electrons causes electrical resistance.
rare-earth metals are, as their name suggests, hard to come by. Mining and purifying them is an expensive,
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have pioneered now a process that could enable the efficient recycling two of these metals, neodymium and dysprosium.
the two metals need to be separated and remixed before they can be reused. t, in principle, easier to get the neodymium
The process is repeated thousands of times to get useful purities of the rare-earth metals,
Rather than this liquid-liquid method, Schelter team has devised a way to separate the two metals by having neodymium stay dissolved in a solution
enabling the two metals to be separated easily. Once apart, an acid bath can strip the ligand off both metals,
enabling it to be recycled as well. f you have the right ligand, you can do this separation in five minutes,
so it is less likely to fall off before the metals are separated. Further modification of the ligand could enable other rare earths in technology products,
and detected using ferromagnetic metal contacts with a tunnel barrier consisting of single layer graphene between the metal and silicon NW.
The ferromagnetic metal/graphene tunnel barrier contacts used to inject and detect spin appear as blue,
which depend critically on the interface resistance between a ferromagnetic metal contact and the NW.
and compatibility with both the ferromagnetic metal and silicon NW. Using intrinsic 2d layers such as graphene
The use of multilayer rather than single layer graphene in such structures may provide much higher values of the tunnel spin polarization because of band structure derived spin filtering effects predicted for selected ferromagnetic metal/multi
Surface plasmons are confined to the surface of a metal. In order to create wakes through them Capasso team designed a faster-than-light running wave of charge along a one-dimensional metamaterial like a powerboat speeding across a lake.
Previous research has evaluated the use of microneedles made of silicon or metal, but they were shown not to be safe.
Typically, scientists who study these circuits have to choose between injecting drugs through bulky metal tubes
You can use either a paramagnetic metal or a paramagnetic insulator to do it now
#Scientists Stretch Electrically Conducting Fibers to New Lengths An international research team based at The University of Texas at Dallas has made electrically conducting fibers that can be stretched reversibly to over 14 times their initial length and
#Speedy crystal sponges to clean up waste Close up of the metal organic framework crystals. New sponge-like crystals that clean up contaminants in industrial waste
The crystals are made of extremely porous metal organic frameworks (MOFS) and have an internal storage capacity of 7,
which consist of hollow metal spheres of one metal dispersed in a matrix which can be of the same or a different metal,
for military transport applications. They are mechanically strong, thermally insulative and lightweight, with their structure reducing the density compared with a bulk material,
Her research involved comparing foamsshielding properties against pure lead and the A356 grade of aluminium, metals that are used currently for shielding purposes.
The term High-Z refers to all the metals in the alloy having a large number of protons in their atomic nuclei;
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