| Birefringence (5) |  |
| Reflectivity (10) | |
| Refractive index (55) | |
| Scattering (68) | |
| Transmittance (6) | |
| Birefringence (5) | |
| Reflectivity (10) | |
| Refractive index (55) | |
| Scattering (68) | |
| Transmittance (6) | |
Instead some of the light from the laser scatters and the path length increases because of this multiple scattering#something scientists refer to as the aman effect. his scattered light is emitted then from the powder in a strong diffuse form that is visually similar to a bright LED light.
Light from the cosmic microwave background is polarized mainly due to the scattering of photons off of electrons in the early universe through the same process by
B modes can t be generated by simple scattering instead pointing to a more complex processâ##hence scientists interest in measuring them.
while simultaneously suppressing nonlinear scattering from oceanic bubbles. Leightonâ#team proposed that the TWIPS method could be applied to electromagnetic waves
Experimental projects are even testing how to dispatch farm drones (crop-spying quadcopters for example) that measure everything from reflectivity to water loss to optimize the efficiency of a farm operations. rom our perspective:
said the main achievement is the demonstration that refractive index microscopes can be enhanced fundamentally. The Japanese scientists said their research is especially important for applications in optics and biology."
and troughs of the wave travel through the material#is so fast that it is travelling effectively in a vacuum, the explanation for the material s overall refractive index of zero (E.#J.#R.#Vesseur et al.
and are limited in their ability to image large samples by optical scattering and other aberrations. he exciting part is that this approach can acquire data at the same high speed per pixel as conventional microscopy,
The team used various techniques including differential scanning calorimetry dynamic light scattering and microscopy to test the separation efficiency showing more than 99.9 percent separation.
and its refractive index a measure of how much the material forces light to bend as it passes through.
Particle size and chemical composition are determined by dynamic light scattering, analytical centrifugation, electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS),
Guiding Brain tumor Resection Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanoparticles and a Hand-held Raman Scanner ACS Nano Article ASAPDOI:
The resulting Al nanowire networksith a width of 500 nm and an area fraction of 22.0%xhibited 80%optical transmittance and sheet resistance of 45 O sq-1
Similar to the Lycurgus cup, the new holograms can change colors due to light scattering off silver nanoparticles of specific sizes and shapes.
is produced by plasmonic-enhanced optical scattering of the nanostructures. The subwavelength distance offers certain advantages.
cavities deeper than one micrometer showed sharp drops in power conversion efficiency from a maximum of 8. 3 per cent due to light scattering off of rougher surfaces and higher series
As part of the study, the scientists examined the different configurations of the nanoparticles on top of the liquid layer using x-ray scattering at Brookhaven's National Synchrotron Light source (NSLS.
By combining the synchrotron scattering and electron microscopy imaging we could confirm that the transfer can be done with minimal disruption to the monolayer."
because the test requires a high scattering of light at about 850 nanometres for good image contrast."
"Ultraviolet spectroscopy was used on the silica-gold core-shell nanoparticles made by Mr Duczynski to better understand their optical properties, such as extinction, scattering and absorption.
"I was able to see some scattering of the iron oxide-gold core-shell nanoparticles,
The Teflon has a low refractive index, while the ceramic refractive index is higher, a combination which allows light to be dispersed through the sheet without any absorption.
Prof. Boubacar Kanté, senior author of the study xtremely Thin Dielectric Metasurface for Carpet Cloakingnvisibility may seem like magic at first
e can control solar transmittance. Unlike a pressed or blown-glass part, which necessarily has a smooth internal surface,
e can control solar transmittance. Unlike a pressed or blown-glass part, which necessarily has a smooth internal surface,
It is the scattering of light be infrared it visible , X-ray, etc.,from its interaction with matter that enables us to detect
It is the scattering of light be infrared it visible , X-ray, etc.,from its interaction with matter that enables us to detect
"In contrast to light, low-frequency ultrasound can travel through the body without any scattering, "he noted."
This is possible because it can automatically define all the different parts of a cell based on an optical property called the"refractive index".
#Berkeley Lab M-TIP Solves Reconstruction Problem for Fluctuation X-ray Scattering But because these objects are a thousand times smaller than the width of human hair,
This novel reconstruction method plays a central role in mapping out the strengths of fluctuation scattering as a routine biophysical technique. vercoming the Limitations of Traditional Imagingwith advances in light source technology,
X-ray sources and optics bring fluctuation scattering of cryogenically frozen large macromolecular machines within practical reach of modern synchrotrons,
The secret of its design is a scattering of billions of carbon'nanotubes'-microscopic hollow carbon rods.
designing the first on-chip metamaterial with a refractive index of zero, meaning that the phase of light can travel infinitely fast.
Due to the high refractive index (2. 4) of diamond, the photon collection efficiency from the nitrogen vacancy centers in bulk diamond is low."
where c is the speed of light in vacuum and n denotes the refractive index of the medium in which the light pulse propagates.
The amplitude depends on distance, size, reflectivity and angle of the object with respect to the sensor. An object will be detected by the sensor
low-frequency ultrasound can travel through the body without any scattering. Light-based techniques are great for some uses and
It is the scattering of light be infrared it visible , X-ray, etc.,from its interaction with matter that enables us to detect
Adsorption of molecules from solution onto a sensing surface alters the refractive index of the medium near this surface and,
a moth's eyes are antireflective because of naturally covered tapered nanostructures where the refractive index gradually increases as light travels to the moth's cornea,
#Dielectric film has refractive index close to air The refractive indices of naturally occurring materials are limited, and there exists an index gap between indices of air and available solid materials.
Here we demonstrate a class of ordered nanolattice materials consisting of periodic thin-shell structures with near-unity refractive index and high stiffness.
these ordered nanostructured material have reduced optical scattering and improved mechanical stability compared to existing randomly porous materials.
The demonstrated low-index, low-scattering, and high-stiffness materials can serve as high-quality optical films in multilayer photonic structures, waveguides, resonators,
At issue is called something refractive index, which measures how much light bends when it moves through a substance.
Air, for example, has a refractive index of 1, while water has a refractive index of 1. 33
-which is why a straw appears to bend when you put it in a glass of water.
with some components having a high refractive index and others have a low one. The higher the contrast between those materials
Air has the lowest refractive index, but it isn't mechanically stable. And the lowest refractive index found in solid,
naturally occurring materials is 1. 39. But now researchers have developed a film made of aluminum oxide that has a refractive index as low as 1. 025 but that is mechanically stiff."
"By manipulating the structure of the aluminum oxide, which is dielectric, we've improved both its optical and mechanical properties,
which gives it a more mechanically robust structure without impairing the refractive index, "says Xu Zhang,
and allows us to design the refractive index of the film.""Regardless of the how thick the coating is,
This change in reflectivity, in turn, switches how nearby erbium ions emit light. As the VO2 changes phase, the erbium emissions go from being generated mostly by magnetic dipole transitions (the rotational torque push
and inhibiting stimulated Brillouin scattering in photonic integrated circuits")."from left: Professor Benjamin Eggleton, Thomas Bttner and Moritz Merklein, researchers from CUDOS at the University of Sydney with the chalcogenide photonic chip.
This nonlinear scattering process can cause signal distortions in fibre communications and signal processing applications and is well known to limit the capacity of optical fiber communications networks.
thus electrons travel dont travel very far--roughly 10 nanometers or less--before scattering off an obstacle.
In contrast, Nanolives technology detects the physical refractive index of the different cell parts with resolution far beyond the diffraction limit (see Nobel prize 2014 for chemistry.
and digitally paint the part of a cell based on their physical properties (called refractive index). STEVE will automatically define all regions with same refractive index characteristics (different organelles have different optical properties)
and digitally stain them with the same color. This process is quantitative and can be applied for a limitless amount of colors.
and reabsorption and scattering of propagating photons. We replaced the molecular dyes in previous LSC systems with core/shell nanoparticles composed of cadmium selenide (Cdse) cores
and scattering to obtain the optimum nanoparticle, he says. Our use of photonic mirrors that are matched carefully to the narrow bandwidth of our quantum dot lumophores allowed us to achieve waveguide efficiency exceeding the limit imposed by total internal reflection.
"It is the scattering of light-be infrared it visible , X-ray, etc.,-from its interaction with matter that enables us to detect
Adsorption of molecules from solution onto a sensing surface alters the refractive index of the medium near this surface and,
#New metamaterial enables refractive index of zero Researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS) say they have made it easier to manipulate light at the nanoscale.
They have developed the first on-chip metamaterial with a refractive index of zero, meaning that the phase of light can travel infinitely fast.
what happens when a material refractive index is reduced to zero:""There is no phase advance, meaning light no longer behaves as a moving wave, traveling through space in a series of crests and troughs.
This change in reflectivity, in turn, switches how nearby erbium ions emit light. As the VO2 changes phase, the erbium emissions go from being generated mostly by magnetic dipole transitions (the rotational torque push
it becomes tinted to about 30 percent light transmittance, and this allows the energy to be captured more efficiently."
"After discharge, the team reports that light transmittance rises to approximately 60 percent.""How did they make the electrodes so thin?
The scientists studied light scattering from a glass cylinder filled with water. In essence such an experiment represents a two-dimensional analog of a classical problem of scattering from a homogeneous sphere (Mie scattering), the solution to
which is known for almost a century. However, this classical problem contains unusual physics that manifests itself
when materials with high values of refractive index are involved. In the study, the scientists used ordinary water whose refractive index can be regulated by changing temperature.
As it turned out, high refractive index is associated with two scattering mechanisms: resonant scattering, which is related to the localization of light inside the cylinder,
and nonresonant, which is characterized by smooth dependence on the wave frequency. The interaction between these mechanisms is referred to as Fano resonances.
The researchers discovered that at certain frequencies waves scattered via resonant and nonresonant mechanisms have opposite phases
Materials with corresponding refractive index are known either long or can be developed at will,"said Mikhail Rybin, first author of the paper and senior researcher at the Metamaterials Laboratory in ITMO University.
causing carrier trapping and scattering, thus harming the carrier transport process. Studying the native defects and their effects on charge transport in a material are hence essential for the performance improvement of a radiation detector.
thus reducing carrier scattering and trapping.""The defect and dielectric properties, combined with other good properties such as large band gap, high density,
"Raman spectroscopy uses the way light interacts with matter to produce'unique scattering,'the equivalent of a molecular fingerprint,
which can detect birefringence in histological specimens infected with the malaria parasite, "Coté says.""It's a simple, low-cost,
designing the first on-chip metamaterial with a refractive index of zero, meaning that the phase of light can travel infinitely fast.
you would observe a change in the light scattering from the nanogap that would correspond to
#Random Light Scattering Enhances The Resolution Of Wide-Field Optical Microscope Images Researchers at the UT-research institute MESA+have developed a method to improve the resolution of a conventional wide-field optical microscope.
In many materials random scattering takes place. NEW METHOD Randomly scattered laser light appears as a finely grained speckle pattern as a result of interference of many scattered light paths.
and the laser light is shone upon the scattering surface. The lens creates a speckle pattern that can be scanned on the object.
of which was to investigate the scattering of pulsars--the cores of dead stars--by interstellar gas.
I was surprised quite to find that the effect of scattering produced images with small lumps in the overall smooth image explained Gwinn.
The theory and observations allow us to make statements about the interstellar gas responsible for the scattering
There are different ways of interpreting observations of the scattering and we showed that one of them is right
The ceramic has a high refractive index, and the Teflon has a low refractive index. When combined, they create a metamaterial, capable of bending light in unusual ways.
The team also varied the height of the cylinders by a small amount, in a pattern devised by their computer.
This includes changing the refractive index, the electrical conductivity, the magnetic susceptibility and so on. What these guys are proposing is an entirely new form of manufacturing based on clever chemistry and the powerful technique of self-assembly.
It changes its reflectivity in response to heat from concentrated sunlight in a way that makes it possible capture light coming in at different angles throughout the day.
Canatu CNB#Films have 97%optical transmittance at a sheet resistivity of 150 ohms/square and 95%at 100 ohms/square.
Refractive index changed from the outsidein order to control the power of the light that exits the device,
A change in phase can result from a difference in the refractive index, which determines the speed of the waves.
whose refractive index can be changed from the outside, the relative phase of the two waves can be controlled
By applying a voltage the refractive index and hence the velocity of the plasmons in one arm of the interferometer can be varied,
whose refractive index changes when an electric voltage is applied and that thus modulates the plasmons inside the interferometer.
and additional data for analysis of signal scattering and reflections to help researchers develop network protocols that account for distortions.
the process can excite vibrational modes of these molecules and produce inelastic scattering, also called Raman scattering, of light.
While rich in details, the signal from scattering is weak and difficult to read without a very powerful laser.
and the scattering of the signal being reflected back to the receiving card when the person is not in the direct line of sight,
Their discovery that there is a biological solution to a thermoregulatory problem could lead to the development of novel flat optical components that exhibit optimal cooling properties. uch biologically inspired cooling surfaces will have high reflectivity in the solar
The researchers found that the enhanced reflectivity in the solar spectrum and enhanced thermal radiative efficiency have comparable contributions to reducing the body temperature of silver ants by 5 to 10 degrees compared to
the process can excite vibrational modes of these molecules and produce inelastic scattering, also called Raman scattering, of light.
While rich in details, the signal from scattering is weak and difficult to read without a very powerful laser.
The color wheel indicates the angle of the fast or slow axis of birefringence. Image: Lehigh University) The article's lead author, Adam Stone, received his Ph d. in materials science and engineering from Lehigh in 2014.
to prevent light from scattering as it is being transmitted and, second, to transmit and manipulate light signals fast enough to handle increasingly large quantities of data.
These scatterings are captured as images by photon detectors inside the machine. From the dizzying cascade of lines
This birefringence can be measured very precisely and is a very sensitive indicator for the shape and orientation of the particle.
and thus a fast Internet, have an inner channel made of glass with a high refractive index, surrounded by a cladding of glass with a low refractive index.
The difference in refractive index ensures that the light beam is reflected at the interface to the cladding.
The idea behind cloaking is to change the scattering of electromagnetic waves--such as light and radar--off an object to make it less detectable to these wave frequencies.
Refractive index changed from the outside In order to control the power of the light that exits the device,
A change in phase can result from a difference in the refractive index, which determines the speed of the waves.
whose refractive index can be changed from the outside, the relative phase of the two waves can be controlled
By applying a voltage the refractive index and hence the velocity of the plasmons in one arm of the interferometer can be varied,
whose refractive index changes when an electric voltage is applied and that thus modulates the plasmons inside the interferometer.
"meaning the refractive index is near zero, a quality found normally in metals and new"metamaterials,
"If you are operating in the range where your refractive index is low then you can have enhanced an effect,
They found that it changes its optical properties such as transparency, reflectivity and absorptivity instantaneously, while the structure exhibits only a delayed reaction to the excitation.
which is decisive for the optical properties such as transmission, reflectivity and absorptivity. Crystalline and transparent:
The color wheel indicates the angle of the fast or slow axis of birefringence. Courtesy of Lehigh University.
to prevent light from scattering as it is being transmitted and, second, to transmit and manipulate light signals fast enough to handle increasingly large quantities of data.
and block light Researchers from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have demonstrated experimentally for the first time the phenomenon of Brillouin Scattering Induced Transparency (BSIT)
Brillouin-Mandelstam scattering originally discovered in the early 1920s is the coupling of light waves and sound waves through electrostrictive optical forces and acousto-optic scattering.
and even plasmas stated Junhwan Kim a graduate student at Illinois and first author of the paper Nonreciprocal Brillouin Scattering Induced Transparency appearing in the journal Nature Physics.
Preventing reflections requires controlling an abrupt change in"refractive index, "a property that affects how waves such as light propagate through a material.
Adding a coating with an intermediate refractive index at the interface eases the transition between materials
The resulting surface nanotexture served to gradually change the refractive index to drastically cut down on reflection of many wavelengths of light simultaneously, regardless of the direction of light impinging on the solar cell."
and are limited in their ability to image large samples by optical scattering and other aberrations.
to prevent light from scattering as it is being transmitted and, second, to transmit and manipulate light signals fast enough to handle increasingly large quantities of data.
"This birefringence can be measured very precisely and is a very sensitive indicator for the shape and orientation of the particle.""
In the normal non-superconducting phase, the electrons in most metals move independentlyhe scattering of electrons causes electrical resistance.
or its reflectivity. But by arranging the distribution of the hard particles, it can also be used to produce highly complex surface textures for example,
and steer themselves without scattering,"said M. Zahid Hasan, who led the research team.""These are very fast electrons that behave like unidirectional light beams
< Back - Next >
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011