Synopsis: Ict: Computer:

and computers and smartphones to issue the commands. What's missing is a wireless controller cheap enough to

The Intel Science and Technology Center for Pervasive Computing at the University of Washington and the Sloan Foundation supported the work.

and the prototype was created in the clean room at the IBM Research Centre in Ruschlikon Switzerland.

or the study the research team trained animals (Rhesus macaques) to use a brain-computer interface (BCI) similar to ones that have shown recent promise in clinical trials for assisting quadriplegics

and directed the recordings into a computer which translated the activity into movement of a cursor on

the computer screen. This technique allowed the team to specify the activity patterns that would move the cursor.

The test subjects goal was to move the cursor to targets on the screen which required them to generate the patterns of neural activity that the experimenters had requested.

Unlike other water splitters that use precious-metal catalysts the electrodes in the Stanford device are made of inexpensive and abundant nickel

professor at Stanford university. his is the first time anyone has used non-precious metal catalysts to split water at a voltage that low.

But scientists have yet to develop an affordable active water splitter with catalysts capable of working at industrial scales. t s been a constant pursuit for decades to make low-cost electrocatalysts with high activity

Demille and his colleagues built their own apparatus in a basement lab. It is an elaborate multilevel tangle of wires computers electrical components tabletop mirrors and a cryogenic refrigeration unit.

but we have shown its feasibilityjain says. e will continue to work on refining the fingerprint matching software

or mobile devices to harvest solar energy without obscuring the view. Past efforts to create similar materials have been disappointing with inefficient energy production

The technology is featured in the journal Advanced Optical Materials. t opens a lot of area to deploy solar energy in a nonintrusive waylunt says. t can be used on tall buildings with lots of windows or any kind of mobile device that demands high aesthetic quality like a phone or e reader.

#Algorithms could adjust screens to your vision University of California Berkeley Original Studyposted by Sarah Yang-Berkeley on August 15 2014.

Researchers are developing vision-correcting displays for computer monitors that would let people see text and images clearly without their glasses or contact lenses.

The technology could potentially help hundreds of millions of people who currently need corrective lenses to use their smartphones tablets and computers.

More importantly the displays could one day aid people with more complex visual problems known as high order aberrations

and vision science and affiliate professor of optometry at University of California Berkeley. e now live in a world where displays are ubiquitous

and being able to interact with displays is taken for grantedsays Barsky who is leading this project. eople with higher order aberrations often have irregularities in the shape of the cornea

because many workers need to look at a screen as part of their work. he UC Berkeley researchers

and Ramesh Raskar colleagues at the Massachusetts institute of technology to develop their latest prototype of a vision-correcting display.

The setup adds a printed pinhole screen sandwiched between two layers of clear plastic to an ipod display to enhance image sharpness.

when the intended user looks at the screen the image will appear sharp to that particular viewersays Barsky. ut

This latest approach improves upon earlier versions of vision-correcting displays that resulted in low-contrast images.

The new display combines light field display optics with novel algorithms. Huang now a software engineer at Microsoft corp. in Seattle notes that the research prototype could easily be developed into a thin screen protector

and that continued improvements in eye-tracking technology would make it easier for the displays to adapt to the position of the user s head position. n the future we also hope to extend this application to multi-way correction on a shared display

so users with different visual problems can view the same screen and see a sharp imagesays Huang.

The National Science Foundation helped support this work t

#Copper foam could make extra CO2 useful Brown University rightoriginal Studyposted by Kevin Stacey-Brown on August 14 2014a catalyst made from a foamy form of copper has vastly different electrochemical

properties from catalysts made with smooth copper in reactions involving carbon dioxide according to the new study.

Furthermore an explanation for core-collapse supernovae which calcium-rich transients resemble although fainter is the collapse of a massive star in a binary system where material is stripped from the massive star undergoing collapse.

The artificially generated faces were synthesized computer based on previous research showing that cues such as higher inner eyebrows

and computer-generated faces and rated how trustworthy or untrustworthy they appeared. As previous studies have shown subjects strongly agreed on the level of trustworthiness conveyed by each given face.

or NIR-IIA involves injectingâ water-soluble carbon nanotubes into a live mouse s bloodstream. The researchers then shine a near-infrared laser over the rodent s skull.

if we need to see individual cells within a large volume of tissue#within a mouse kidney for example

and put all of the images back together with a computer. t s a very time-consuming process and it is error prone especially

and circuitry that can talk to Wi-fi-enabled laptops or smartphones while consuming negligible power.

These tags work by essentially ookingfor Wi-fi signals moving between the router and a laptop or smartphone.

Wi-fi-enabled devices like laptops and smartphones would detect these minute changes and receive data from the tag.

or offload your workout data onto a Google spreadsheet. ou might think how could this possibly work

and Google glass but viewing it can get boring. A new video highlighting technique can automatically pick out the interesting parts.

or Google glass for example and quickly upload thumbnail trailers to social media. The summarization process avoids generating costly internet data charges and tedious manual editing on long videos.

and can do so on a conventional laptop. With a more powerful backend computing facility production time can be shortened to mere minutes according to the researchers.

Eric P. Xing professor of machine learning and Bin Zhao a Phd student in the machine learning department presented their work on June 26 at the Computer Vision

whose research specialty is computer vision. Rather as the algorithm processes the video it compiles a dictionary of its content.

The ability to detect unusual behaviors amidst long stretches of tedious video could also be a boon to security firms that monitor and review surveillance camera video.

and Visualization Cyberinfrastructure (DAVINCI) supercomputer supported by the NSF and administered by Rice s Ken Kennedy Institute for Information technology.

US Attorney general Eric holder Jr. was quoted recently in news reports as having xtreme extreme concernabout Yemeni bomb makers joining forces with Syrian militants to develop these hard-to-detect explosives which can be hidden in cell phones and mobile devices.

#Patients tell more secrets to virtual humans Patients are more willing to disclose personal information to virtual humans than to actual ones,

likely because computers don make judgments or look down on people the way another human might.

The study provides the first empirical evidence that virtual humans can increase a patient willingness to disclose personal information in a clinical setting.

It also presents compelling reasons for doctors to start using virtual humans as medical screeners. The honest answers acquired by a virtual human could help doctors diagnose

Virtual humans For the study, which will appear in Computers in Human Behavior, researchers recruited 239 adults through Craigslist.

The participants, whose ages ranged from 18 to 65, were invited to a laboratory to interact with a virtual human

The mere belief that participants were interacting with only a computer made them more open and honest, researchers found,

director of virtual humans research and a professor of computer science. he virtual character delivered on both these fronts and that is

including virtual humans to help detect signs of depression, provide screening services for patients in remote areas,

Afterwards, everyone tried to type the phrase one time, without the cues or vibrations, on a keyboard.

No one in the study had typed previously on a Braille keyboard or knew the language. The study also didn include screens or visual feedback,

so participants never saw what they typed. They had no indication of their accuracy throughout the study. he only learning they received was guided by the haptic interface,

It should provide us with new insights into how rhythmic brain activity supports core memory processes.

They connected their system to a computer and demonstrated that they could use it to scan

This possibility is one of the reasons for the current interest in building the capacity to store electrical energy directly into a wide range of products such as a laptop

today computers are ridiculously slow and take about 40,000 times more power to run. rom a pure energy perspective,

Their strategy was to enable certain synapses to share hardware circuits. The result was called a device Neurogrid.

It about the size of an ipad and can simulate many more neurons and synapses than other brain mimicking devices using only about the power it takes to run a tablet computer.

But it still a power hog compared to the brain. he human brain, with 80,000 times more neurons than Neurogrid, consumes only three times as much power,

which aims to simulate a human brain on a supercomputer. By contrast the US BRAIN Projecthort for Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologiesas taken a tool-building approach by challenging scientists to develop new kinds of tools that can read out the activity of thousands

Zooming from the big picture, Boahen article focuses on two projects comparable to Neurogrid that attempt to model brain functions in silicon and/or software.

IBM OLDEN GATECHIP One of these efforts is IBM Synapse Projecthort for Systems of Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics.

with IBM on track to greatly increase the numbers of neurons in the system. HICANN CHIP FOR BRAIN SIMULATORS Heidelberg University Brainscales project has the ambitious goal of developing analog chips to mimic the behaviors of neurons and synapses.

Their HICANN chiphort for High Input Count Analog Neural Networkould be the core of a system designed to accelerate brain simulations

with a roadmap to greatly expand that hardware base. Each of these research teams has made different technical choices,

such as whether to dedicate each hardware circuit to modeling a single neural element (e g.,, a single synapse) or several (e g.,

, by activating the hardware circuit twice to model the effect of two active synapses. These choices have resulted in different trade-offs in terms of capability and performance.

With that cheaper hardware and compiler software to make it easy to configure, these neuromorphic systems could find numerous applications.

Extended outlook: more clouds. The scrutinized planet which is known as GJ1214B is classified as a super-Earth type planet

which monitors two thousand red dwarf stars for transiting planets. The planet was targeted next for follow-up observations to characterize its atmosphere.

This suggests an ancient conservation in genetic and neural architectures involved in social information processing that transcends the sensory modalities used from mouse to man.

computers go for good enough Purdue University rightoriginal Studyposted by Emil Venere-Purdue on December 23 2013computers capable of pproximate computingcould potentially double efficiency

Researchers are developing computers that could perform calculations good enough for certain tasks that don t require perfect accuracy. he need for approximate computing is driven by two factors:

but you are not trying to be perfect. owever today s computers are designed to compute precise results even

Approximate computing could endow computers with a capability similar to the human brain s ability to scale the degree of accuracy needed for a given task.

but computer software and hardware are not like that. They often compute to the same level of accuracy all the time. urdue researchers have developed a range of hardware techniques to demonstrate approximate computing showing a potential for improvements in energy efficiency.

Recently the researchers have shown how to apply approximate computing to programmable processors which are ubiquitous in computers servers

and consumer electronics. n order to have a broad impact we need to be able to apply this technology to programmable processorssays Kaushik Roy professor of electrical

and computer engineering at Purdue. nd now we have shown how to design a programmable processor to perform approximate computing. he researchers achieved this milestone by altering the nstruction setwhich is the interface between software

and hardware. uality fieldsadded to the instruction set allow the software to tell the hardware the level of accuracy needed for a given task.

They have created a prototype programmable processor called Quora based on this approach. ou are able to program for quality

and that s the real hallmark of this worksays lead author doctoral student Swagath Venkataramani. he hardware can use the quality fields

and data mining. e have an actual hardware platform a silicon chip that we ve had fabricated which is an approximate processor for recognition

and data miningraghunathan says. pproximate computing is far closer to reality than we thought even a few years ago. he National Science Foundation partially funded the project.

The new motor has a core and two arms made of DNA one above and one below the core.

As it moves along a carbon-nanotube track it continuously harvests energy from strands of RNA molecules vital to a variety of roles in living cells

The core is made of an enzyme that cleaves off part of a strand of RNA. After cleavage the upper DNA arm moves forward binding with the next strand of RNA

transparent flexible displays for electronic devices; special filters for water purification; new types of sensors; and computer memory.

Cellulose could come from a variety of biological sources including trees plants algae ocean-dwelling organisms called tunicates

Their latest paper published in the journal ACS Nano described harvesting energy from the touch pad of a laptop computer.

The generators can be made from nearly transparent polymers allowing their use in touch pads and screens.

#3d-printed loudspeaker plays Obama speech The first 3d-printed consumer electronic is a loudspeaker that comes out of the printer ready to use.

It s an achievement that 3d printing evangelists feel will soon be the norm; rather than assembling consumer products from parts and components complete functioning products could be fabricated at once on demand. verything is 3d printedsays Apoorva Kiran as he launched a demo by connecting the newly printed mini speaker to amplifier wires.

For the demo the amplifier played a clip from President Barack Obama s State of the Union speech that mentioned 3d printing.

Lipson says he hopes this simple demonstration is just the ip of the iceberg. 3d printing technology could be moving from printing passive parts toward printing active integrated systems he adds.

Most printers cannot efficiently handle multiple materials. It s also difficult to find mutually compatible materialsâ##for example conductive copper

and plastic coming out of the same printer require different temperatures and curing times. In the case of the speaker Kiran used one of the lab s Fab@Homes a customizable research printer originally developed by Lipson

and former graduate student and lab member Evan Malone that allows scientists to tinker with different cartridges control software and other parameters.

For the conductor Kiran used a silver ink. For the magnet he employed the help of Samanvaya Srivastava graduate student in chemical

hat hath God wrought. reating a market for printed electronic devices Lipson says could be like introducing color printers after only black and white had existed. t opens up a whole new space that makes the old look primitive. ource:

or resources to efficiently screen and follow up with infected patientsâ##a person with active TB has only a 50 percent chance of survival.

The finding offers a potential new technology for advanced sensors high-resolution displays and information processing.

and optical switches small enough to be integrated into computer chips for information processing sensing and telecommunications says Alexander Kildishev associate research professor of electrical and computer engineering at Purdue University.

or recording or for example pixels for 3d displays. Another potential application is the transmission and processing of data inside chips for information technologykildishev says. he smallest featuresâ##the strokes of the lettersâ##displayed in our experiment are only 1 micron wide.

and routing in future computers. While using photons would dramatically speed up computers and telecommunications conventional photonic devices cannot be miniaturized

because the wavelength of light is too large to fit in tiny components needed for integrated circuits. Nanostructured metamaterials however are making it possible to reduce the wavelength of light allowing the creation of new types of nanophotonic devices says Vladimir M. Shalaev scientific director of nanophotonics at Purdue s Birck Nanotechnology Center

The tool called relational social image search achieves high reliability without using computationally intensive objector facial recognition software. f you want to search a trillion photos normally that takes at least a trillion operations.

#Computer gets smarter by looking at online pics 24-7 Carnegie mellon University Posted by Byron Spice-Carnegie mellon on November 26 2013a computer program called the Never Ending Image Learner (NEIL) is running 24

As NEIL s visual database grows the computer program gains common sense on a massive scale. NEIL leverages recent advances in computer vision that enable computer programs to identify

and label objects in images to characterize scenes and to recognize attributes such as colors lighting and materials all with a minimum of human supervision.

In turn the data it generates will further enhance the ability of computers to understand the visual world

and with NEIL we hope that computers will do so as well. computer cluster has been running the NEIL program

since late July and already has analyzed three million images identifying 1500 types of objects in half a million images and 1200 types of scenes in hundreds of thousands of images.

and catalogued. hat we have learned in the last 5 to 10 years of computer vision research is that the more data you have the better computer vision becomesgupta says.

But the scale of the Internet is so vast##Facebook alone holds more than 200 billion images that the only hope to analyze it all is to teach computers to do it largely by themselves.

what to teach computershe says. ut humans are good at telling computers when they are wrong. eople also tell NEIL what categories of objects scenes etc. to search

It can be anticipated for instance that a search for pplemight return images of fruit as well as laptop computers.

The program runs on two clusters of computers that include 200 processing cores. The Office of Naval Research and Google Inc. support the project.

The research team will present its findings on Dec 4 at the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision in Sydney Australiasource:

Arabidopsis thaliana commonly known as mouse-ear cress is an ideal organism for RNA studies the researchers say

#Faster 3d printing with multiple materials University of Southern California Posted by Megan Hazle-USC on November 21 2013researchers have developed a faster 3d printing process

3d printing Multi-Material Objects Faster from USC Viterbi on Vimeo. With this newly developed 3d printing process

however the team has shaved the fabrication time down to minutes bringing the manufacturing world one step closer to achieving its goal. igital material design

This new 3d printing process will allow heterogeneous prototypes and objects such as dental and robotics models to be fabricated more cost-and time-efficiently than ever before.

or tablet is tilted to rotate the screen. In this new study published in Nature Nanotechnology the team took advantage of graphene s mechanical tretchabilityto tune the output frequency of their custom oscillator creating a nanomechanical version of an electronic component known as a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO.

LED lightingâ##allowing for brighter more efficient lights. hese guidelines should permit the discovery of new and improved phosphors in a rational rather than trial-and-error mannersays Ram Seshadri a professor in the department of materials at University

This means the number of MKIDS that can be read out for a given price is increasing according to Moore s Lawâ##overall processing power for computers doubles every two yearsâ

By comparison Universal serial bus (USB) chargers for small electronic devices provide about 5v of power. e were aiming for the highest energy efficiency we could achievesays Hawkes. e had been getting energy efficiency around 6 to 10 percent

and maneuverable can also be found in the hovering behavior of hummingbirds and bees says senior author Cowan who directs the Locomotion in Mechanical and Biological Systems Lab at Johns Hopkins Whiting School of engineering. s an engineer

#Dendrites are like minicomputers in your brain University of North carolina at Chapel hill rightoriginal Studyposted by Mark Derewicz-UNC on October 30 2013the branch-like projections of neurons called dendrites are not just passive wiring

but act more like tiny computers multiplying the brain s processing power. uddenly it s

Dendrites effectively act as mini-neural computers actively processing neuronal input signals themselves. Directly demonstrating this required a series of intricate experiments that took years

They used patch-clamp electrophysiology to attach a microscopic glass pipette electrode filled with a physiological solution to a neuronal dendrite in the brain of a mouse.

As the mice viewed visual stimuli on a computer screen the researchers saw an unusual pattern of electrical signalsâ##bursts of spikesâ##in the dendrite.

and co-author on the paper. e want to know how nature builds these catalystsâ##from a chemist s perspective these are really strange things. he bacterial catalysts are organized based on precisely clusters of iron and sulfur atoms with side groups of cyanide and carbon monoxide.

These power cells could allow mobile devices that recharge in seconds and stay charged for weeks.

The tunable dielectric and its properties were envisioned first on paper tested on the computer created in the lab atom by atom patterned into a capacitor device

Scientists have theorized long a larger internal system monitors these individual gauges like a neural thermostat regulating average firing rates across the whole brain.

#Drop an internet in the ocean to detect tsunamis University at Buffalo rightoriginal Studyposted by Cory Nealon-Buffalo on October 14 2013a deep-sea internet network is expected to improve the way scientists detect tsunamis monitor pollution

and the projectâ#lead researcher. aking this information available to anyone with a smartphone or computer especially when a tsunami or other type of disaster occurs could help save lives. elodia will present his paper at the Association for Computing Machineryâ

The buoys convert the acoustic waves into radio waves to send the data to a satellite which then redirects the radio waves back to land-based computers.

and planned underwater sensor networks to laptops smartphones and other wireless devices in real time. Melodia tested the system recently in Lake erie a few miles south of downtown Buffalo.

Kulhandjian typed a command into a laptop. Seconds later a series of high-pitched chirps ricocheted off a nearby concrete wall an indication that the test worked.

and linked wirelessly to computers allows growers toâ ontrol the precise moisture of blocks of land based on target goalssays Vinay Pagay who helped develop the chip as a doctoral student in Lakso s lab

Using a sophisticated computer model of the white dwarf atmosphere developed by Detlev Koester at the University of Kiel they were able to infer the chemical composition of the shredded minor planet.

and studied could provide a scalable inexpensive platform to monitor toxic vapors from industrial solvents.

if you hit that same stop sign at 40 miles an hourgregg says. hereâ#a lot more energy that will be released. he Iceland formations some over 2 meters tall display telltale features that hint at how they were created.

Seelig likens this new approach to programming languages that tell a computer what to do. think this is appealing

because it allows you to solve more than one problemseelig says. f you want a computer to do something else you just reprogram it.

and Microsoft Research. The National Science Foundation the Burroughs Wellcome Fund and the National Centers for Systems Biology supported the research.

Stanford university rightoriginal Studyposted by Tom Abate-Stanford on September 27 2013engineers have built a basic computer using carbon nanotubes a success that points to a potentially faster more efficient alternative to silicon chips.

and computer scientist at Stanford university who co-led the work. ut there have been few demonstrations of complete digital systems using this exciting technology.

and entice them to explore how this technology can lead to smaller more energy-efficient processors in the next decaderabaey says.

and generate more heatâ##all in a smaller and smaller space as evidenced by the warmth emanating from the bottom of a laptop.

Many researchers believe that this power-wasting phenomenon could spell the end of Moore s Law named for Intel Corp. cofounder Gordon Moore who predicted in 1965 that the density of transistors would double roughly every two years

The Stanford team used this imperfection-immune design to assemble a basic computer with 178 transistors a limit imposed by the fact that they used the university s chip-making facilities rather than an industrial fabrication process.

It runs a basic operating system that allows it to swap between these processes. In a demonstration of its potential the researchers also showed that the CNT COMPUTER could run MIPS a commercial instruction set developed in the early 1980s by then Stanford engineering professor and now university President John Hennessy.

beyond silicon. hese are initial necessary steps in taking carbon nanotubes from the chemistry lab to a real environmentsays Supratik Guha director of physical sciences for IBM s Thomas J. Watson Research center

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