quantum computing

Quantum computing

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Quantum computer (193)
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Synopsis: Ict: Computing: Computing: Quantum computing:

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#Compressed bits store tons of quantum data University of Toronto Posted by Lindsay Jolivet-U. Toronto on September 29 2014scientists recently demonstrated that it s possible to compress quantum bits or qubits without losing information.

So it would require only 10 qubits to store all of the information about 1000 qubits

and only 20 qubits to store all of the information about a million. Digital compression in the world of classical information theory is fairly straightforward.

A qubit can be in a uperpositionbetween both zero and one until you measure it at

Measured one way a qubit might reveal a value of either zero or one. Measured another way it might show a value of either plus or minus.

So you don t want to collapse the quantum state of the qubit until you re ready to.

Once you ve made a single measurement any other information you might have wanted to extract from the qubit disappears.

You could just store the qubit until you know you re ready to measure its value.

or millions of qubits. ur proposal gives you a way to hold onto a smaller quantum memory

In the experiment Lee Rozema a researcher in Steinberg s lab and lead author on the paper prepared qubits in the form of photons

The experiment showed that the information contained in three qubits could be compressed into only two qubits

One caveat is that the information has to be contained in qubits that have been prepared by an identical process.

However many experiments in quantum information make use of just such identically prepared qubits making the technique potentially very useful. his work sheds light on some of the striking differences between information in the classical and quantum worlds.

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information is stored in artificial structures called quantum bits and you can even see them with your bare eyes.

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and could one day be used in many places from consumer goods to quantum computers. The findings are published in Nature.

#Stanford researchers are already using the polariton laser to develop quantum computers and quantum simulators. Kim believes similar lasers will be available to those outside the scientific community within the next five to 10 years.

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They did so by producing quantum bits using electrons trapped in diamonds at extremely low temperatures. These ultra-cold gemstones effectively acted as prisons trapping the electrons

If they can repeat the experiment over distances significantly larger than 10 feet it could mean that incomprehensibly fast quantum computers

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#Quantum computer technology now capable of holding data with 99 percent accuracy Perhaps the zaniest property of quantum mechanics is that of entanglement,

The latest breakthrough in quantum computing, however, brings the technology much closer to reality. Australian scientists have developed the first silicon quantum technology capable of holding data with over 99 percent accuracy

First, the scientists refined a technique used to turn phosphorous atoms into qubits, the units of measurement for quantum information.

"We have demonstrated that with silicon qubit we can have needed the accuracy to build a real quantum computer.

because magnetic spin can mess with the phosphorous atoms that the qubits are made of.""In natural silicon each atom also has its own spin

which information was retained in their silicon qubits, a function known as"coherence time.""The capability of building a quantum computer from materials already widely used for building conventional computers might be this study's most significant accomplishment, however.

It means that quantum computers can potentially be mass-produced, lowering the costs of developing the technology for both researchers and, eventually, for future consumers s

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#Robots learn to cook with a little help from Youtube When it comes to learning how to cook,

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#Rice-sized laser could be a breakthrough in quantum computing A microwave laser also called a"maser"has been built by Princeton researchers

"and the innovation could lead to new advancements in quantum computing.""It is basically as small as you can go with these single-electron devices,

The successful maser demonstration represents a breakthrough in efforts to build a quantum computer out of semiconductor materials.

Basically, the device makes it possible to use double quantum dots two quantum dots joined together as quantum bits,

or qubits, which are the basic units of information in quantum computers.""I consider this to be a really important result for our long-term goal,

which is entanglement between quantum bits in semiconductor-based devices, "said collaborator Jacob Taylor, an adjunct assistant professor at the Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland-National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Essentially, the maser allows the double quantum dots to communicate with each other. To construct the tiny contraption,

Aside from its importance in the development of quantum computers, the maser could also lead to advancements in a variety of fields such as communications, sensing and medicine,

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which may eventually be needed to wire together a quantum computer.""You would change the energy level

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A precise control and manipulation of quantum-mechanical states could pave the way for promising applications such as quantum computers and quantum cryptography.

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#Physicists set new records for silicon quantum computing Two research teams working in the same laboratories at UNSW Australia have found distinct solutions to a critical challenge that has held back the realisation of super

powerful quantum computers. The teams created two types of quantum bits or qubits the building blocks for quantum computers that each process quantum data with an accuracy above 99%.

%The two findings have been published simultaneously today in the journal Nature Nanotechnology. For quantum computing to become a reality we need to operate the bits with very low error rates says Scientia Professor Andrew Dzurak who is Director of the Australian National Fabrication Facility at UNSW where the devices were made.

We've now come up with two parallel pathways for building a quantum computer in silicon each

of which shows this super accuracy adds Associate professor Andrea Morello from UNSW's School of Electrical engineering and Telecommunications.

& Communication Technology were first in the world to demonstrate single-atom spin qubits in silicon reported in Nature in 2012 and 2013.

Now the team led by Dzurak has discovered a way to create an artificial atom qubit with a device remarkably similar to the silicon transistors used in consumer electronics known as MOSFETS.

Postdoctoral researcher Menno Veldhorst lead author on the paper reporting the artificial atom qubit says It is really amazing that we can make such an accurate qubit using pretty much the same devices as we have in our laptops and phones.

Meanwhile Morello's team has been pushing the natural phosphorus atom qubit to the extremes of performance.

Dr Juha Muhonen a postdoctoral researcher and lead author on the natural atom qubit paper notes:

The phosphorus atom contains in fact two qubits: the electron and the nucleus. With the nucleus in particular we have achieved accuracy close to 99.99%.

The high-accuracy operations for both natural and artificial atom qubits is achieved by placing each inside a thin layer of specially purified silicon containing only the silicon-28 isotope.

This isotope is perfectly nonmagnetic and unlike those in naturally occurring silicon does not disturb the quantum bit.

The next step for the researchers is to build pairs of highly accurate quantum bits. Large quantum computers are expected to consist of many thousands

or millions of qubits and may integrate both natural and artificial atoms. Morello's research team also established a world-record coherence time for a single quantum bit held in solid state.

Coherence time is a measure of how long you can preserve quantum information before it's lost Morello says.

The longer the coherence time the easier it becomes to perform long sequences of operations and therefore more complex calculations.

Pairing up single atoms in silicon for quantum computing More information: Storing quantum information for 30 seconds in a nanoelectronic device Nature Nanotechnology DOI:

10.1038/nnano. 2014.211 An addressable quantum dot qubit with fault-tolerant control-fidelity Nature Nanotechnology DOI:

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Novel applications of'quantum dots'including lasers biological markers qubits for quantum computing and photovoltaic devices arise from the unique optoelectronic properties of the QDS

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The scientists think this breakthrough could lead to improvements in quantum computing; photons are an excellent carrier for quantum information

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such as a type of cloud computing to share the processing power of future quantum computers, might also be vulnerable to laser damage.

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Its development could usher in a new generation of portable sensors that can use polarized light for applications ranging from drug screening to quantum computing.

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'said Stevens. It could prove useful in both quantum communications and quantum computing, which offer prospects for capabilities such as unbreakable encryption and advanced code-breaking, respectively.

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#Quantum computers take a leap forward after scientists build qubit logic gate on silicon chip A major step towards building quantum computers capable of performing formidable calculations at a fraction of the speed of current machines has been achieved.

Quantum computing takes advantage of the ability of subatomic particles to exist in more than one state at any time.

In traditional computers available today, data is expressed in one of two states known as binary bits which are either a 1 or a 0. A quantum bit,

or qubit as it is known, can exist in both of these states at once, meaning many computations can be performed in parallel.

For example, two qubits can encode four different values while a three qubit system encodes eight different values.

This would allow new types of computers to be constructed that would far surpass the capabilities of modern super computers.

'We've demonstrated a two-qubit logic gate-the central building block of a quantum computer-and, significantly, done it in silicon.'

'This makes the building of a quantum computer much more feasible, since it is based on the same manufacturing technology as today's computer industry.'

'Until a few years ago quantum computers were little more than theoretical possibilities, but recent research has shown they could become a realistic proposition.

Both Google and Nasa have been developing a quantum computer as part of their artificial intelligence work. However their D-Wave quantum computer needs to be kept at temperatures of around-273°C(-459°F). The latest research by Professor Dzurak and his colleagues,

which is published in the journal Nature, has shown it is possible to build them using more conventional materials like silicon.

Their work is the first time two qubits have been able to'talk'to each other in a logic gate.

In a quantum computer, data is encoded in the'spin, 'or magnetic orientation, of individual electrons. Not only can they be in one of two'up'or'down'spin states,

so that they can work with qubits instead of bits. Lead author Dr Menno Veldhorst, also from the University of New south wales

'We've morphed those silicon transistors into quantum bits by ensuring that each has only one electron associated with it.'

'The team has taken now out a patent on a full-scale quantum computer chip that could perform functions involving millions of qubits.

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This finding is likely to spawn new developments in emerging technologies such as low-power electronics based on the spin of electrons or ultrafast quantum computers.

"The electrons in topological insulators have unique quantum properties that many scientists believe will be useful for developing spin-based electronics and quantum computers.

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In the near future, such resonators could be used for constructing quantum computers and for investigating many-body effects in solids.

Suitable for quantum computersfor some time now, quantum dots have been considered as possible candidates for making so-called quantum bits or"qubits,

"which are used in quantum computers. Until now the quantum dots in such a computer needed to be very close to each other

and read out individual qubits. A long-distance coupling through an appropriately designed resonator could elegantly solve this problem.

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A zero-index material that fits on a chip could have exciting applications, especially in the world of quantum computing."

"It could also improve entanglement between quantum bits, as incoming waves of light are effectively spread out

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These properties make nitrogen vacancy centers in diamonds candidates for next-generation spin-based quantum devices such as magnetometers, quantum computers,

Individual nitrogen vacancy centers could essentially function as the basic units of quantum computers. Brighter fluorescence intensity is an essential aspect of improving the photon collection efficiency from nitrogen vacancy centers.

In terms of applications, the team's nanostructures may find use in highly sensitive magnetic sensors for making biological observations or within the computational science realm for quantum computing and cryptographic communications.

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"The electrons in topological insulators have unique quantum properties that many scientists believe will be useful for developing spin-based electronics and quantum computers.

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#Breakthrough photonic processor promises quantum computing leap Optical quantum computers promise to deliver processing performance exponentially faster and more powerful than today's digital electronic microprocessors.

which can be applied to sets of qubits to perform the equivalent of Boolean algebraic functions found in standard electronic logic processors also referred to as quantum gates.

"where a universal quantum computer can efficiently simulate an arbitrary digital computer. Although still as yet at a modest scale,

and creating a large scale universal quantum computer will have been made. The next phases in its development will be to scale up its function and capacity,

As part of this greater encouragement of quantum computing research and development the University of Bristol has pioneered the"Quantum in the Cloud"service,

if we are to realise our vision for a quantum computer. t

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#The Drinkable Book has water-purifying pages For people in developing nations or rural locations,

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#Quantum computing breakthrough: qubits made from standard silicon transistors In what is likely a major breakthrough for quantum computing,

researchers from the University of New south wales (UNSW) in Australia have managed for the first time to build the fundamental blocks of a quantum computer in silicon.

The device was created using standard manufacturing techniques, by modifying current-generation silicon transistors, and the technology could scale up to include thousands, even millions of entangled quantum bits on a single chip.

Gizmag spoke to the lead researchers to find out more. Researchers at UNSW are focusing on the potentially revolutionary approach of building quantum computers out of...

Quantum leap: Lead researchers Menno Veldhorst and Andrew Dzurak The gate is controlled through an external voltage

and microwave radiation The technique could scale up to hold thousands, even millions of qubits on a single chip

What are quantum computers for? Quantum computers are a peculiar beast. Though the machines we've been building

since the 50s have been aiming to be as deterministic and reliable as possible so a certain input will always result in the same output in a quantum computer,

this dynamic is turned on its head, and predictability is sacrificed for (sometimes) incredible speedups. A quantum bit,

or qubit, has two awesome and confusing properties. First, it can set itself to both 0 and 1 at the same time.

And second, it can commune (or entangle) with other qubits to compound this ability. This means five entangled qubits can store

and process as much information as 32 (two to the power of five) classical bits; 10 qubits can do as much as 1, 000 classical bits;

and 300 fully entangled qubits can manipulate as many classical bits of information as there are atoms in the Universe.

You might think this would lead to much faster number-crunching over a regular computer and you'd be right, to a point.

A quantum computer can perform any operation a classical computer can, but its exponential speedups only take effect

when a quantum algorithm can process data in a massively parallel fashion, such as searching through a very large database,

virtually designing a new drug by choosing among quadrillions of possible combinations, or simulating the behavior of every single atom in your right toe.

That is, even in the best of cases, a quantum computer is guaranteed never to return the correct result.

So, in practice, classical computers will probably be faster and more practical than quantum computers for day-to-day operations

and quantum computers will only come in useful where massive parallelism is involved. When they are let loose, though, their speed will be spectacular.

Quantum CMOS Most of the prototype quantum computers developed so far feature a limited number of entangled qubits made from exotic and expensive materials like cesium or diamonds and which,

However, researchers at UNSW are focusing on the potentially revolutionary approach of building quantum computers out of silicon, a material that is cheap

and which could ultimately pave the way for quantum computers with not 300 but thousands, even millions of fully entangled qubits.

Last year, UNSW scientists were able to create single"CMOS type"qubits that leveraged current transistor technology and silicon-28, a very common isotope of silicon,

Together with a single controllable qubit, this is the basic building block of a quantum computer and paves the way to quantum chips that can perform just about any operation.

and an external current and microwave field control the qubits and make them interact as needed."

"A CNOT gate is a...two-qubit gate that flips the state of the target qubit depending on the state of the control qubit,

"In our case, the target qubit flips its spin if the control qubit is pointing down.

If the control qubit is pointing up, the target qubit will remain in the same state."

"This two-qubit gate is most essential for a quantum computer and together with single qubit operations,

which we have demonstrated already with very high fidelity, provides what is called a universal gate set. This means that any gate set can be constructed out of it."

"Although their quantum computers wouldn't work at room temperature, this approach lets the researchers operate their device at approximately 1 Kelvin(-272°C,

-458°F). That may not seem like much of an improvement over previous designs, but, the researchers told us,

but in the fact that these basic building blocks of quantum computers were built by doing simple modifications to current-generation silicon transistors.

The researchers say they have worked out a way to extend this technique to a much larger number of qubits

"Our team is looking for industrial partners to construct a chip that would contain between tens and hundreds of qubits,

so that we can demonstrate a manufacturing process that can be scaled up to the thousands or millions of qubits."

"I believe that a Si-CMOS qubit prototype containing between tens and hundreds of qubits could be made within five years,

provided we have the right level of investment and the right industry partners. Our main aim is to develop a prototype that can demonstrate that it is possible to go all the way with'Quantum CMOS

"Such a powerful quantum computer would have major implications for the finance, data security, and health industry.

and the one advanced by Richard Feynman decades ago as he first proposed the idea of a quantum computer,

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#Quantum computing breakthrough: Qubits made from standard silicon transistors In what is likely a major breakthrough for quantum computing,

researchers from the University of New south wales (UNSW) in Australia have managed for the first time to build the fundamental blocks of a quantum computer in silicon.

Gizmag spoke to the lead researchers to find out more. Quantum computers are a peculiar beast. Though the machines we've been building