These powerful combinations of potent drugs are often effective, but using them routinely raises the risk of deadly multidrug-resistant bacteria emerging.
allowing doctors to prescribe the best drugs available to treat an infection and improving outcomes for people with hospital-acquired infections though the effectiveness of the approach remains to be proven in future clinical trials.
if they can distinguish between several types of bacterial subgroups to identify the most drug resistant or virulent strains from the innocuous ones.
and to measure changes in those signals as they administered cardio-or neuro-stimulating drugs."
biotechnology and nanobiotechnology for applications including targeted drug delivery. Chirality of an object is its property that allows it to be non-superimposable with its mirror image.
#Nano-Packaged Drug Can Halt and Reverse Progression of Atherosclerosis in Rodents In what may be a major leap forward in the quest for new treatments of the most common form of cardiovascular disease,
By contrast, the team's previous research showed the drug was effective in preventing atherosclerosis
the nano-packaged drug improved physiologic outcomes among animals with heart muscle thickening and pumping dysfunction, the hallmarks of advanced disease."
or break a drug, "says lead investigator Subroto Chatterjee, Ph d.,a professor of medicine and pediatrics at the Johns hopkins university School of medicine and a metabolism expert at its Heart and Vascular Institute."
"In our study, the right packaging vastly improved the drug's performance and its ability not merely to prevent disease
stems from fast uptake by various tissues and organs and from the slow clearance of the encapsulated form of the drug.
Next, to observe how quickly the body broke down the nano-wrapped and the original forms of the drug,
The kidneys are the final stop on most drugs'journey inside the body just before they are cleared through urine.
and cholesterol levels as did treated animals with free-floating forms of the drug. However, animals treated with the free-floating form of D-PDMP required 10 times higher doses to achieve GSL
and cholesterol levels observed in mice given the nano-encapsulated form of the drug. When scientists measured the thickness of the animals'aortas--the body's largest vessel responsible for carrying oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body--they observed stark differences among the groups they say.
Mice treated with either version of the drug fared better, but animals that got the encapsulated form of the drug had aortas nearly indistinguishable from the aortas of healthy mice fed a regular diet, according to researchers.
Most strikingly, they reported, D-PDMP treatment improved heart function in mice with advanced forms of atherosclerotic heart disease, marked by heart muscle thickening
and pumping ability improved in animals that received treatment with the encapsulated form of the drug,
However, mice given non-encapsulated drug required 10 times higher doses to achieve similar benefits.
Researchers say their next step is to test how the drug performs in larger mammals.
#Encapsulated, Nanobody-Targeted Drugs Cold Help Treat Sleeping sickness Sleeping sickness, or African trypanosomiasis, is caused by trypanosome parasites transmitted by tsetse flies
The existing drugs have serious side effects, and the parasites are developing resistance. A study published on June 25th in PLOS Pathogens reports a new way to circumvent drug resistance
and lower the curative dose by delivering existing drugs directly into the parasite, a high-tech approach with potential applications to other infectious diseases.
Current treatment of sleeping sickness relies primarily on four drugs. Three of these drugs get into the interior of the parasite cells via the trypanosome's transport proteins that normally supply the parasite with nutrients,
and drug resistance is caused by mutations that cripple these transporters. Jose Garcia-Salcedo, from the Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria in Granada, Spain,
and colleagues reasoned that using an alternative way to get the drugs into parasite cells would circumvent resistance.
The researchers developed a drug carrier that consists of polymeric nanoparticles coated with specialized antibodies that target a small conserved (i e.
invariable) part of the parasite surface. Much of the trypanosome surface is highly variable, which is why the chances of developing an effective vaccine have been deemed low.)
They show that this new formulation reduces the minimal curative dose in a disease model, based on infections in mice, by 100-fold and,
most importantly, circumvents drug resistance in a cell line that is resistant as a result of mutations in the transporter that mediates drug uptake.
the development of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with current trypanocidal drugs coated by a specific nanobody against trypanosomes can reduce the minimal curative dose of these drugs,
"The implication of this proof-of-concept study of a novel technology for reversing transporter-related drug resistance,
"is limited not to a single nanobody used to demonstrate the technology, nor to a single drug, nor indeed to trypanosomiasis.""
""With a key challenge being that resistance to drugs is spreading faster than new drugs are being developed and approved,
nanobody-targeted drugs as described here has the potential to reverse resistance to many first-line treatments
#Nanotechnology Drug in Droplets for Painless Treatment of Secondary Blindness The Mexican company"Medical and Surgical Center for Retina"created a way to transport drugs,
The innovative formula results eliminates the need to administrate the drug by intraocular injection. It is a nanotechnology product,
it releases the drugs. With the nanotechnology product the costs are reduced by 80 to 90 percent
"With this technology hospitals that have no resources can apply the needed drugs, without requiring a a specialist or a particular facility for the administration.
which also has an area of`Biotechnology and Drug Research of Biomedical engineering, Diagnosis and Treatment Equipment.
#MEMS Innovations Enable Commercialization of Implantable Microchips for Drug-Delivery An implantable, microchip-based device may soon replace the injections
and osteoporosis. Now Microchips Biotech will begin co-developing microchips with Teva Pharmaceutical, the world largest producer of generic drugs,
ouldn this be a great way to make a drug-delivery system??Langer says. He brought this idea to Cima,
and somewhat fantastical, applications beyond drug delivery, including disease diagnostics and jewelry that could emit scents. e were trying to find the killer application.
Any intense heat during final assembly, with hermetic sealing, could destroy the drugs already loaded into the reservoirs
yet carry the same volume of drugs. his means making the drugs take up more volume than the electrical and other components,
This ability to control fluid structures at such small scales can be used potentially to devise new ways that improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs,
around the bloodstream to deliver lifesaving drugs. Dr Ledesma-Aguilar said: e have revealed the next piece of a puzzle that over time can lead to the controlled tailoring of liquids at extremely small scales. his knowledge opens the door to developing new devices that target other liquids, such as water-based solutions,
The results could help improve scientists'ability to build molecules that interlock very specifically with target sites on proteins-a fundamental part of designing new anticancer drugs.
The research could help other scientists to use CRYO EM in structure-based drug design studies-in which researchers build the best possible drugs starting from a molecule which already binds to the active site of a target protein.
"Revealing the molecule's detailed shape could be the first step towards designing more precise drugs to block it.
and drugs that block it are already available to patients -but making drugs that are more effective
and whether drugs could be developed to stop it from happening. orth West Cancer Research (NWCR) has funded the research as part of a collaborative project between the University of Warwick and the University of Liverpool,
#New Multispectral Microscope for Studying Impact of Experimental Drugs on Biological Samples This is the largest such microscopic image ever created.
This level of multicolor detail is essential for studying the impact of experimental drugs on biological samples
RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia. e recognized that the microscopy part of the drug development pipeline was much slower than it could be designed
and tissues respond to specific chemicals and experimental drugs. Such research, however, is very data intensive and slow
Impact of Big data on Multispectral Imagingthe goal of this technology is to speed up drug discovery.
if a specific drug kills cancer cells more often than healthy cells. This requires testing the same drug on thousands to millions of cells with varying doses and under different conditions,
which is normally a very time-consuming and labor-intensive task. The new microscope presented in this paper speeds up this process
which will help researchers discover life-changing drugs more quickly and efficiently, concludes Orth. Source:
They initially sought to develop nanoparticles that could be used to deliver drugs to cancer cells. Brandl had synthesized previously polymers that could be cleaved apart by exposure to UV LIGHT.
But he and Bertrand came to question their suitability for drug delivery, since UV LIGHT can be damaging to tissue and cells,
and approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a food additive, and polylactic acid, a biodegradable plastic used in compostable cups and glassware.
The study also suggests the broader potential for adapting nanoscale drug-delivery techniques developed for use in environmental remediation. hat we can apply some of the highly sophisticated,
as a result of damage caused by the drug thalidomide, while others suffer from hearing impairments. hese specific disabilities led to concrete ideas,
Historically drug development activities in this space have focused on blocking mtorc1 activation in part because hyperactivation of the pathway can lead to aberrant growth seen in cancer
The U s. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have estimated that drug overdoses kill more than 44,000 Americans annually,
Federal officials also say that at least one in 20 Americans ingests drugs prescribed for someone else.
and circuitry to ensure that drugs are dispensed only to the prescribed patient at the prescribed intervals and in the prescribed dosage.
It may also prove useful in discovering concealed goods in the retail industry or for non-destructive monitoring, for example quality control in drugs or food.
and security applications, including airborne and ground-based surveillance, condition monitoring, research and development, manufacturing process control, search and rescue, drug interdiction, navigation, transportation safety, border
a sulfa-based compound found in many prescription glaucoma drugs, actually turns off the bacterium's ability to invade the immune system.
and slow the emergence of drug resistance, particularly if found to work in conjunction with other existing TB drugs.
Current treatments can last up to six months.""The single biggest reason for the evolution of drug-resistant strains is the long course of treatment,
"Abramovitch said.""It's difficult for a patient to complete the entire antibiotic course required to kill all of the bacteria.
"We don't necessarily have to find drugs that kill TB, we just need to find ones that interfere with the bug's ability to sense
raise promise for medicine but also concerns about"home-brewed"illegal drugs. Experts have called for tight control of organisms genetically modified to produce narcotics.
and have the yeast do all the chemical steps required downstream to make your target therapeutic drug."
The broad concept of using microscopic organisms to make drugs is not new in medicine.
it has already been used to build various shapes and even prototype drug-delivery"robots"."But the flexibility and ease of use of the new system are striking.
which aims to bring new drugs and medical devices to patients. Cathy Yelf, of the Macular Society, said:"
When the researchers administered drugs to inhibit the movement of certain"motor"proteins that transport mitochondria and other cargo within the cell by traveling along microtubules
and a drug-screening tool to make pregnancies safer. In experiments to be published Tuesday, July 14, in the journal Nature Communications,
"This technology could help us quickly screen for drugs likely to generate cardiac birth defects, and guide decisions about
which drugs are dangerous during pregnancy.""Screening for drug toxicity To test the potential of the system as a drug-screening tool,
the researchers exposed the differentiating cells to thalidomide, a drug known to cause severe birth defects.
They found that at normal therapeutic doses, the drug led to abnormal development of microchambers, including decreased size,
problems with muscle contraction and lower beat rates compared with heart tissue that had not been exposed to thalidomide."
"Each year, as many as 280,000 pregnant women are exposed to drugs with evidence of potential fetal risk.
and the potential for generating cardiac defects is of utmost concern in determining drug safety during pregnancy."
and other UC Berkeley researchers publicly debuted a system of beating human heart cells on a chip that could be used to screen for drug toxicity.
and antiviral drugs, represent the primary barrier to a cure.""An important component in this process is a group of proteins collectively called type 1 Interferons,
drugs that target this entry protein might help prevent the spread of disease. Malaria is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium falciparum,
CD68 may represent a potential new drug target in the fight against malaria a
#Study finds non-genetic cancer mechanism Cancer can be caused solely by protein imbalances within cells,
As the gatekeeper of the digestive track, this massive organ is responsible for drug breakdown and is therefore the first to be injured due to overdose or misuse.
Evaluating this drug-induced liver injury is a critical part of pharmaceutical drug discovery and must be carried out on human liver cells.
"This is quite a revolution for pharmaceutical drug discovery, "said Prof. Yaakov Nahmias, the study's senior author."
and could not be used reliably for drug discovery. In fact, up until now stem cell-derived hepatocytes showed little ability to predict clinical outcome."
"The limited availability of functional hepatocytes for drug testing is a major bottleneck bringing pharmaceutical companies to spend $1 billion/year on liver cells alone."
and bile acids that activate the fetal liver's dormant drug metabolism program. The groundbreaking work further demonstrated that liver cells produced from either embryonic stem cells
can detect the toxic effect of over a dozen drugs with greater than 97%accuracy."
"The implications for liver biology and drug discovery are said quite staggering Prof. Oren Shibolet, Head of the Liver Unit at the Tel-aviv Sourasky Medical center, who was involved not in this study."
and is likely to critically improve our ability to predict drug toxicity, which was limited previously by the unavailability of liver cells.
and drug metabolism in their children to develop quiet differently.""Source: The Hebrew University of Jerusale e
The researchers say that the technique could be used to develop drugs that specifically target the peripheral nervous system
a finding they say could lead to new pain-relieving drugs. People with two mutant copies of the PRDM12 gene experience a condition called congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP.
'We are very hopeful that this new gene could be an excellent candidate for drug development,
Two other genes linked to CIP are already being used to develop drugs currently being tested as painkillers.
#Bubble delivery can rescue failing drug candidates, says Oxford team The technique has the support of pharma companies including GSK and Pfizer,
The professor told in-Pharmatechnologist. com the method can be used to help small and large molecule medicines hone in on their targets. ith all therapies that are used currently particularly cancer the major problem is very little of the drug makes it to the target site.
That true of both conventional and antibody therapy. e inject drugs into the bloodstream and they go absolutely everywhere,
not straight to the tumour. his latest method ncases the drug in a bubble like a soap bubble. he bubble consists of a shell of phospholipids surrounding a gas core made of fluorocarbons gases of very high molecular weight
The active drug part can sit within the shell, inside another layer of liquid, or tagged onto the outside of the shell.
said Stride. hen we expose it to ultrasound that will break the shell and release the drug. ew dawn for ADCS,
While scientists around the world are researching other types of stimuli-responsive drug delivery, he good thing about ultrasound is it helps push the drug into the tissue often the cells youe trying to get at are nowhere near the surface of the tumour. he method can even magnetise the bubbles
so they accumulate at the target site. The bubbles last less than ten minutes in the bloodstream before breaking down,
Stride told us the bubble delivery technique could be especially helpful in rescuing four types of drug:
A clinical study at the University of Oxford is currently investigating using an existing drug in combination with ultrasound but without the bubble technology,
and pharma and is developing the technique through the Oxford Centre for Drug Delivery Devices o
We are testing the substrate with potential commercial partners now. ommercial applicationsthe polymer has application in both the production of cells for drug safety testing
or these stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, the value lies in understanding disease, testing to make safer drugs and potential for translation into cell therapy.
We are testing the substrate with potential commercial partners now. ommercial applicationsthe polymer has application in both the production of cells for drug safety testing
or these stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, the value lies in understanding disease, testing to make safer drugs and potential for translation into cell therapy.
and to detect drug resistance in infectious diseases. Bringing techniques and testing that is normally confined to a laboratory or hospital, out into the field,
and potentially decide on a drug choice based on some of the genetic testing copy number variations of certain genes that you would find in the sample taken from the patient. he technology also removes barriers to testing that cities
and our aging population. ext up the researchers plan to test their device in the field to detect the presence of malaria-related drug resistance.
and it also provides capability for drug discovery and design, said David Agard, Ph d.,professor of biophysics and biochemistry and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) investigator,
However, fewer companies have worked on vaccines and drugs for the MERS virus, according to Reuters. Small biotech companies such as Greffex,
or proteins that could be targeted by drugs, eventually leading to new medicines to fight cancer.
#Major Step for Implantable Drug Delivery Device An implantable, microchip-based device may soon replace the injections
and osteoporosis. Now Microchips Biotech will begin co-developing microchips with Teva Pharmaceutical, the world largest producer of generic drugs,
ouldn this be a great way to make a drug-delivery system??Langer said. He brought this idea to Cima,
and somewhat fantastical, applications beyond drug delivery, including disease diagnostics and jewelry that could emit scents. e were trying to find the killer application.
Any intense heat during final assembly, with hermetic sealing, could destroy the drugs already loaded into the reservoirs
yet carry the same volume of drugs. his means making the drugs take up more volume than the electrical and other components,
Known as SAPH-ire (Structural Analysis of PTM Hotspots), the tool could accelerate the search for potential new drug targets on protein structures,
as well as a majority of pharmaceutical drugs. Because of their importance to therapeutics, these proteins have been studied extensively over a period of 50 years or so.
so these findings tell us there are important questions raised for human pain drug development. Including female mice The discovery comes as there is increased attention to the inclusion of female animals and cells in preclinical research.
tumor growth, metastasis, recurrence and drug resistance. In epithelial cancers cancers of the breast, ovaries, prostate, skin and bladder,
and delivery of anticancer drugs by the same nanoparticles that have attached sirna to their outsides,
the treatment doesn carry the risk of side effects that are associated often with drug treatments. he pioneering study,
and as a drug-screening tool to make pregnancies safer. In experiments published in the journal Nature Communications, the researchers used biochemical and biophysical cues to prompt stem cells to differentiate
a senior investigator at the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular disease and a professor of medical genetics and cellular and molecular pharmacology at UC San francisco. his technology could help us quickly screen for drugs likely to generate cardiac birth defects,
which drugs are dangerous during pregnancy. Screening for drug toxicity To test the potential of the system as a drug-screening tool,
the researchers exposed the differentiating cells to thalidomide, a drug known to cause severe birth defects.
They found that at normal therapeutic doses the drug led to abnormal development of microchambers, including decreased size,
problems with muscle contraction and lower beat rates compared with heart tissue that had not been exposed to thalidomide. e chose drug cardiac developmental toxicity screening to demonstrate a clinically relevant application of the cardiac microchambers,
as many as 280,000 pregnant women are exposed to drugs with evidence of potential fetal risk. The most commonly reported birth defects involve the heart,
and the potential for generating cardiac defects is of utmost concern in determining drug safety during pregnancy.
and other UC Berkeley researchers publicly debuted a system of beating human heart cells on a chip that could be used to screen for drug toxicity.
These were gathered through a project on drug resistance, funded by the European commission and led by co-author Jean-Claude Dujardin, Ph d.,of the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium. n Peru,
in Peru and Bolivia, they receive a class of drugs called pentavalent antimonials. The modes of action of the two treatments are very different, according to Beverley. n the studies,
"None of the apps test experimental drugs or surgeries. Instead, they're designed to explore such questions as how diseases develop
as scientists have shown that using drugs to block PD-1 coaxes T cells to attack tumors.
and a drug for multiple sclerosis to control immune response in the brain. Under the two approaches, immune cells from outside the brain were found to travel in greater numbers through the blood into the brain.
an FDA-approved drug used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis; the drug has been shown to foster the migration of white blood cells from the bloodstream to the brain.
A third group received both treatments. All three groups experienced a substantial decrease in Alzheimer's-like pathology and symptoms.
and whether drugs could be developed to stop it from happening. North West Cancer Research (NWCR) has funded the research as part of a collaborative project between the University of Warwick and the University of Liverpool,
and active pre-loaded, light-sensitive drugs only in that area
#First Artificial Ribosome Designed, University of Illinois Researchers Reveal Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago
The engineered ribosome may enable the production of new drugs and next-generation biomaterials and lead to a better understanding of how ribosomes function.
#Re-engineered antibiotic could fight drug-resistant bacteria The US scientists have created a promising second-generation antibiotic to fight against the bacteria that commonly cause respiratory and other infections,
"The rising problem of drug-resistant bacteria has created an urgent need for the new antibiotics that would help in mechanization use for the treatment of adults
#Approval for AIDS Vaccine at Canadian University The Food and Drug Administration has given Canadian researchers approval to test a vaccine for HIV/AIDS on humans.
and researchers expect that many of these nnaturalamino acids will be medically useful. his new technique offers a very quick way to prepare drug candidates
or building blocks for peptide drugs, explains Jin-Quan Yu, chemistry professor at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI),
Proposed applications include anticancer drugs, antibiotics that are not susceptible to bacterial resistance, and drugs that inhibit the formation of amyloid aggregates seen in Alzheimer, Parkinson and other diseases.
and the pharmaceutical giant Bristol-myers squibb. nder this agreement we are putting the new methods to work to discover novel drug candidates,
we expect that these new developments will greatly expand the scope of research on unnatural amino acids as potential drugs or drug building-blocks. g
A recent article suggests that only one out of every 12 drugs that enters clinical trials succeeds
and the cost of a drug successfully reaching the market now exceeds an average of $5 billion
The risks and challenges associated with drug development will continue to be there for the foreseeable future.
I have noticed a promising trend the rise of open source drug R&d consortia that include large biotech
minimize failures and shorten the timeline to approval for new drugs helping bring treatments to the patients who need them the most.
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved RFID chips for human implantation in 2004.
"None of the apps test experimental drugs or surgeries. Instead, they're designed to explore such questions as how diseases develop
#Latest drug technology could help reduce cost of carbon capture A novel class of materials that enable a safer cheaper
"We are working to test drugs'efficacy and safety without jeopardising a patient's health."
The team also demonstrated that the effect of drugs on the lab-grown tissue matched the effect seen in human patients.
and experiment to see which drugs would work best for each person.""The team is already working towards this goal--as well as towards growing the muscle tissue, not from a biopsy,
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