Synopsis: Pharma: Drugs: Drug:

So they developed a drug that inactivates the gene that makes FL2 and then put the drug in tiny gel capsules called nanoparticles

and applied the nanoparticles to wounds on mice. The treated wounds healed much faster than untreated wounds.

and many drugs have their origins in plants. Researchers at the Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering have taken it a step further:

#Nanoparticles provide novel way to apply drugs to dental plaque Therapeutic agents intended to reduce dental plaque

But a team of researchers has developed a way to keep the drugs from being washed away.

For inside the carrier, they secured the drug with hydrophobic and ph-responsive polymers. The positively charged outer layer of the carrier is able to stay in place at the surface of the teeth

allowing the drug to escape more rapidly. And thats exactly what happens to the ph level in plaque

In other words, the nanoparticles release the drug when exposed to cavity-causing eating habitsprecisely when it is needed most to quickly stop acid-producing bacteria.

When the drug was administered without the nanoparticle carriers, there was no effect on the number of cavities and only a very small reduction in their severity.

leading to the rapid synthesis of drug derivatives for treating Parkinson's disease. Nagoya, Japan-Yutaro Saito, Yasutomo Segawa and Professor Kenichiro Itami at the Institute of Transformative Biomolecules (ITBM

which is an anticholinergic drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.''Parachuting'boron onto the para-position of a benzene ring by a bulky iridium catalyst.

These types of drug delivery systems could be paired with other drugs and used in other conditions, such as glaucoma, macular degeneration and corneal ulcers, among others.

The achievement was made possible by a new generation of drug-containing coating applied to the inner surface of the vessel.

Toward Drug-Entrapped Vascular Grafts"."Surgery, associated with cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemia, often require the implantation of vascular grafts-artificial blood vessels,

The lifetime of such grafts is determined often by the amount of drug stored within the graft,

The system, developed by the researchers, is based on the entrapment of the drug inside a porous protective shell,

You just need to take the right kind of drug. For example, after the implantation of an artificial ureter, urease crystals often start to grow inside

It is possible to apply a similar drug-containing coating that dissolves urease. The same approach may be used for kidney or liver surgery,

This life saving treatment could be administered by paramedics in emergency situations without the need for specialised equipment as is currently the case. ee created a nanocapsule that contains a clot-busting drug.

The drug-loaded nanocapsule is coated with an antibody that specifically targets activated platelets, the cells that form blood clots,

releasing the clot-busting drug. We are effectively hijacking the blood clotting system to initiate the removal of the blockage in the blood vessel,

Professor Frank Caruso from the Melbourne School of engineering said the targeted drug with its novel delivery method can potentially offer a safer alternative with fewer side effects for people suffering a heart attack

or suffer a stroke every year. bout half of the people who need a clot-busting drug can use the current treatments

#Molecular tinkering doubles cancer drug's efficacy The drug paclitaxel has been used for decades to fight breast, ovarian, lung and other cancers.

and insolubility in water--properties that allow the body to clear the drug too quickly,

Many molecular packaging systems have been developed to deliver the drug while counteracting these effects, with a protein-bound version of the drug called Abraxane currently the leading therapy.

But Ashutosh Chilkoti, professor and chair of the Department of Biomedical engineering at Duke university thought his team could do better.

the Duke team doubled tumor exposure to the drug compared to Abraxane while simultaneously reducing its effects on healthy tissue.

In the new packaging system, multiple copies of the drug are bonded chemically to an amino acid polypeptide,

forming a water-soluble nanoparticle with the drug hidden in its core. These nanoparticles are highly soluble in blood

"This delivers the drug directly to the tumor and helps prevent it from randomly absorbing into healthy tissue, reducing side effects."

And since this platform could potentially be used for such a broad array of drugs, it could be a game-changer for cancer therapy."

Beyond their importance to our understanding of basic cell biology, microtubules are a major target for anticancer drugs, such as Taxol,

"A better understanding of how microtubule dynamic instability is regulated could open new opportunities for improving the potency and selectivity of existing anticancer drugs,

#Super-small needle technology for the brain Microscale needle-electrode array technology has enhanced brain science and engineering applications, such as electrophysiological studies, drug and chemical delivery systems, and optogenetics.

and probe biological molecules to explore their potential use as new drugs. The device has the potential to replace gold nanodevices used in current analytical techniques,

The innovation is expected to expand the ability of researchers to investigate potential new drugs more rapidly and accurately,

and therefore their potential as new drugs.""However the characteristics of metals that make them good at conducting electricity also lead to the undesirable heating effect,

Whereas traditional pharmaceutical drugs have a transient effect, gene editing could possibly provide a permanent cure for a lot of different diseases,

#Elastic drug delivery technology releases drugs when stretched Researchers have developed a drug delivery technology that consists of an elastic patch that can be applied to the skin

and will release drugs whenever the patch is stretched. For example, if applied to the elbow, the patch would release a drug when the elbow bends and stretches the patch.

This could be used to release painkillers whenever a patient with arthritic knees goes for a walk,

NC State researchers create a stretchable drug delivery mechanism. The technology consists of an elastic film that is studded with biocompatible microcapsules.

These microcapsules, in turn, are packed with nanoparticles that can be filled with drugs. Heres how it works:

The drugs leak slowly out of the nanoparticles and are stored in the microcapsules. When the elastic film is stretched,

and effectively squeezing some of the stored drug out onto the patients skin, where it can be absorbed.

That compression helps push the drug out of the microcapsule. After being stretched the microcapsule is recharged by the drugs that continue to leak out of the nanoparticles.

This can be used to apply drugs directly to sites on the skin, such as applying anticancer medications to melanomas

or applying growth factors and antibiotics for wound healing, says Jin Di, co-lead author

In this configuration, the drugs can be squeezed through the microneedles. The microneedles are small enough to be painless,

but large enough to allow drugs to diffuse into the bloodstream through tiny capillaries underneath the skin.

and a Ph d student in Zhus lab. Were now exploring how this tool can be used to apply drugs efficiently

It's a major step forward in creating a quantum computer to solve problems such as designing new drugs

The discovery provides a new platform for drug delivery systems and an entirely different view of cellular functions.

Chilkoti's lab has designed self-assembling proteins for drug delivery systems for several years. Simply by adding heat

and when drugs are released inside the body through non-temperature-related mechanisms such as changes in acidity levels.

however, drugs could be encapsulated in protein cages that accumulate inside of a tumor and dissolve once heated.

Not only would this provide a more accurate way of delivering drugs, but the cages themselves could be used therapeutically."

This enzyme activates a harmless drug precursor called CB 1954 which the researchers added to the petri dish where the cells were growing.

researchers have tried already out hundreds of drugs, each requiring preclinical and clinical testing with live subjects.

One of the easiest ways to speed up the drug development process is to simply perform it outside of the living body (e g.,

This approach will eventually provide more effective preclinical selection of drug candidates for the subsequent long-term and expensive clinical trial.

Researchers from the Laboratory of Nanooptics and Plasmonics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology-MIPT (Russia) have devised a novel type of graphene oxide (GO) based biosensor that could potentially significantly speed up the process of drug development.

which in future may enable the development of new drugs and vaccines against many dangerous diseases including HIV,

All this can be used efficiently for new drug discovery and validation. Widespread introduction of this method into preclinical trials will completely change the pharmaceutical industry.

With SPR sensors we just need to estimate the interaction between the drug and targets on the sensing surface,

and can be used for analysis of chemical reactions with small drug molecules. An important advantage of the new GO based sensor chips is their simplicity

"Our invention will help in drug development against viral and cancer diseases. We are expecting that pharmaceutical industry will express a strong demand for our technology,

or water and therapeutic drug monitoring at home, a feature which could drastically improve the efficient of various class of drugs and treatments a

#Quantum dots light up under strain Semiconductor nanocrystals, or quantum dots, are sized tiny, nanometer particles with the ability to absorb light

and help design new drug therapies against pathogens by targeting enzymes that interact with DNA"There are other single-molecule tools around,

and that has a ton of implications from understanding how life works to drug design,

or find protein properties that would be ideal targets for drug therapies.""For example, viral genes code for their own proteins that process their DNA,

Scientists at the University of Nebraska Medical center designed a new delivery system for these drugs that,

when coupled with a drug developed at the University of Rochester School of medicine and Dentistry, rid immune cells of HIV and kept the virus in check for long periods.

Nebraska researcher Howard E. Gendelman designed the investigational drug delivery system so-called anoformulatedprotease inhibitor. The nanoformulation process takes a drug

and makes it into a crystal, like an ice cube does to water. Next, the crystal drug is placed into a fat and protein coat, similar to

what is done in making a coated ice-cream bar. The coating protects the drug from being degraded by the liver and removed by the kidney.

When tested together with URMC-099 a new drug discovered in the laboratory of UR scientist Harris A. andy Gelbard M d.,Ph d,

. the nanoformulated protease inhibitor completely eliminated measurable quantities of HIV. URMC-099 boosted the concentration of the nanoformulated drug in immune cells

and slowed the rate at which it was eliminated, thereby prolonging its therapeutic effect.""The chemical marriage between URMC-099 and antiretroviral drug nanoformulations could increase drug longevity,

improve patient compliance, and reduce general toxicities, said Gendelman, lead study author and professor and chair of the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience at Nebraska,

whether the drugs could be administered safely together. Much to Gelbard and Gendelman surprise, URMC-099 increased the effectiveness of the nanoformulated drug. ur ultimate hope is that wee able to create a therapy that could be given much less frequently than the daily therapy that is required today,

said Gelbard. f a drug could be given once every six months or longer that would greatly increase compliance,

reduce side effects and help people manage the disease, because they won have to think about taking medication every day. a

or drug targeting. The study by researchers Cheulhee Jung, Peter B. Allen and Andrew Ellington, published this week in the journal Nature Nanotechnology("A stochastic DNA walker that traverses a microparticle surface),

"SERS substrates are used to analyze the composition of a mixture at the nanoscale for environmental analysis, pharmaceuticals, material sciences, art and archeological research, forensic science, drug detection, food quality analysis,

Pharmaceutical companies spend millions of dollars testing therapeutic drugs on animals only to discover in human trials that the drug has an altogether different level of effectiveness.

Wee not sure why, but the human brain differs distinctly from that of an animal. A bench-top brain that accurately reflects actual brain tissue would be significant for researching not only the effect of drugs,

but brain disorders like schizophrenia, and degenerative brain disease. ACES Director and research author Professor Gordon Wallace said that the breakthrough is significant progress in the quest to create a bench-top brain that will enable important insights into brain function,

in addition to providing an experimental test bed for new drugs and electroceuticals. e are still a long way from printing a brain

but also for more common problems involving maladaptive daily decisions about drug or alcohol use, gambling or credit card binges.

much like multi-drug therapy, may ultimately benefit patients with impaired mobility in a wide variety of rehabilitation settings.

The drug works its euphoric effect by acting on a specific protein that has been part of vertebrate anatomy for nearly a half-billion years.

The findings could lead to a new drug target for developing less-addictive pain medications and even offer a clue to the genetic predisposition of patients to addiction before treatment.

he said. utations could indicate a strong reaction to a drug such as morphineeople carrying a deficient copy of the RGS7 gene might need much lower doses of opioids

This might also shed light on why some people have such a difficult time with addiction to drugs such as morphine,

Surprisingly, in addition to drug craving, the animals lacking RGS7 also worked harder to obtain a food reward,

further suggesting that RGS7 may be a more general regulator of reward behavior extending beyond drug-induced euphoria. he mu opioid receptor acts as a conductor of the drug effects,

mice lacking RGS7 craved the drug much more than their normal siblings. RGS7 appears to exert its effects by regulating morphine-induced changes in excitability of neurons and plasticity of synapseshe ability of the synapse, the junction between two nerve cells,

and indicates RGS7 as a potential drug target, said Research Associate Laurie P. Sutton, the first author of the study. harmacological intervention at the level of RGS7 may reduce some of the detrimental side-effects associated with opiates. t

#Possible Biomarker for Autism Discovered Study also points to potential new drug discovery advances. By identifying a key signaling defect within a specific membrane structure in all cells, University of California,

it also presents a target of a molecular class already well-established to be useful for drug discovery.

Drug development has proven problematic due to the limited understanding of the underlying causes of ASD,

as demonstrated by the recent failure of several much anticipated drug trials. There are also no current, reliable diagnostic biomarkers for ASD.

which impedes diagnosis and, ultimately, drug development. There simply may be too many targets, each with too small an effect.

In the area of drug discovery, scientists at the Center for Autism Research & Translation continue to probe the IP3R channel,

and so that they can test the effect of new drugs on inhibiting their growth. But the fibrils that are believed to be most harmful are too tiny to be seen using an optical microscope.

or for drug researchers to put the amyloid proteins in water, inject their drug, and study how the drug influences the growth of the aggregates over time

. or research in TYPE II DIABETES or Alzheimer or Parkinson, having this simple platform to perform these tests at a fraction of the cost of

what required for fluorescence or neutron scattering would be very useful.?Carla Reiter a

#Artificial intelligence System Solves SAT Geometry As well as 11th Graders The Allen Institute for Artificial intelligence (AI2) and University of Washington researchers have created an artificial intelligence (AI) system that can solve SAT geometry questions as well as the average American 11th-grade student, a breakthrough in AI research.

Researchers used a series of drugs to disrupt the cellsnormal bioelectrical and serotonergic signaling at a crucial stage of development.

as it can be used to screen new drugs. These mechanisms may occur not only in autoimmune disorders,

#New Drug Delivery Technique Bypasses Blood-brain barrier Breakthrough could help countless patients with neurological conditions that are currently hard to treat.

Researchers at Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Harvard Medical school and Boston University have shown successfully neuroprotection in a Parkinson mouse model using new techniques to deliver drugs across the naturally impenetrable blood-brain barrier.

lend hope to patients around the world with neurological conditions that are difficult to treat due to a barrier mechanism that prevents approximately 98 percent of drugs from reaching the brain

and central nervous system. e are developing a platform that may eventually be used to deliver a variety of drugs to the brain,

and histological data capture that their delivery method was equivalent to direct injection of GDNF the current gold standard for delivering this drug in Parkinson disease despite its traumatic nature and high complication rates in diffusing drugs

Drugs used to treat a variety of central nervous system diseases may be administered through the nose and diffused through an implanted mucosal graft (A,

Consequently, these grafts may be used to deliver very large drugs, including proteins, which would otherwise be blocked by the blood-brain barrier.

Garyfallia Pagonis and Benjamin S. Bleier, M d. Dr. Bleier saw an opportunity to apply these techniques to the widespread clinical dilemma of delivering drugs across the barrier to the brain and central nervous system.

and Drug Administration has approved the first prescription drug made through 3d printing: a dissolvable tablet that treats seizures.

Aprecia Pharmaceuticals said Monday the FDA approved its drug Spritam for adults and children who suffer from certain types of seizures caused by epilepsy.

The Ohio-based company says its printing system can package potent drug doses of up to 1, 000 milligrams into individual tablets.

An agency spokeswoman confirmed the new drug is the first prescription tablet approved that uses the process.

including more neurological drugs. The company is owned privately. Doctors are increasingly turning to 3d printing to create customised implants for patients with rare conditions

In response, Rostami team administered a drug to boost her heart rate and send more blood to the brain.

In response, Rostami team administered a drug to boost her heart rate and send more blood to the brain.

In fact, the only drugs specifically developed for migraine that are in use today triptans were designed to shrink blood vessels in the brain.

The drugs made no difference when they were given to the rats intravenously, but when they were injected directly into the brain,

Why this is only effective in half the people who take the drug is still a mystery.

An asthma drug has rejuvenated rat brains, making old rats perform as well as young ones in tests of memory and cognition.

A drug called montelukast (Singulair), regularly prescribed for asthma and allergic rhinitis, blocks these receptors, so Aigner and his colleagues tested it on young and old rats.

The animals were fed the drug daily for six weeks, while another set of young and old rats were left untreated.

By the end of their six-week drug regime, though, old animals performed as well as their younger companions. e restored learning and memory 100 per cent,

Old rats that had been given montelukast had 80 per cent less brain inflammation than old rats that hadn been given the drug.

The drug had no effect on young animals, probably because it targets inflammation associated with age,

he says. think the drug reverses the damage associated with ageing. Because montelukast is used widely

Aigner agrees he will start by testing the drug in people with Parkinson disease, he says p

you could ask hat the latest on these drug interactions? Or even a query in natural language like, hat are papers saying about middle-aged women with diabetes and this particular drug?'

'The system works by crawling the web for publicly available scientific papers, then scanning the text and images within them.

yeast that can literally brew narcotic drugs. Achieving that, she knew, could open the door to the quick development of better medications of all sorts."

and coaxed the cells to synthesize the drugs. Right now the yeast can brew only tiny, tiny amounts of the drugs.

You would have to drink thousands of liters of the"brew"to get one dose of hydrocodone,

could put more drugs on the street.""Unfortunately, one of the implications, in my judgment, is that addicts would have easier access to something that threatens health in very serious ways,

But Oye thinks U s. drug officials need to start planning now, before the lid of Pandora's box opens wide.

He recommends that the Drug Enforcement Administration start to track these microbes by"barcoding"them,

But the agency is worried also about large drug cartels.""It's concern that the technology will fall into the wrong hands,

And drug cartels already have large and steady supply of opioids from poppy production in Mexico and Afghanistan."

"We can't see the drug cartel making a 180-degree turn to start to exploit this particular market,

FDA Approves First 3-D-Printed Drug In a first, the Food and Drug Administration has given approval to a drug that is produced on a 3-D printer.

The pill, produced by Aprecia Pharmaceuticals, treats seizures. It's expected to hit the market in the first quarter of 2016.

"The drug is called Spritam and is designed to treat seizures in people suffering from epilepsy. It's a new version of a seizure medication that's been on the market for years."

The company that makes Spritam says the 3-D-printed version of the drug allows it to dissolve more quickly,

the drug's maker, is that it allows a high drug load up to 1, 000 mg to be delivered in a single dose.

yeast that can literally brew narcotic drugs. Achieving that, she knew, could open the door to the quick development of better medications of all sorts."

and coaxed the cells to synthesize the drugs. Right now the yeast can brew only tiny, tiny amounts of the drugs.

You would have to drink thousands of liters of the"brew"to get one dose of hydrocodone,

could put more drugs on the street.""Unfortunately, one of the implications, in my judgment, is that addicts would have easier access to something that threatens health in very serious ways,

But Oye thinks U s. drug officials need to start planning now, before the lid of Pandora's box opens wide.

He recommends that the Drug Enforcement Administration start to track these microbes by"barcoding"them,

But the agency is worried also about large drug cartels.""It's concern that the technology will fall into the wrong hands,

And drug cartels already have large and steady supply of opioids from poppy production in Mexico and Afghanistan."

"We can't see the drug cartel making a 180-degree turn to start to exploit this particular market,

The Fraunhofer FIT will make the first public demonstration of the system alongside its ZETA imaging software that is used in drug research at the forthcoming BIOTECHNICA expo in Hanover, Germany, between October 6 8, 2015.

and thus can support researchers in a wide range of applications in drug research. The Single Molecule Detection Machine (SMDM) employs a highly sensitive confocal microscope

#3d printed Pills Could Bring Bespoke Drugs to a Hospital Near You It a development that could spell the end of horse pills,

Yesterday, the FDA approved the first drug to be manufactured using 3d printing. In a buzzword-heavy press release that would make a venture capitalist swoon, Aprecia,

the company that makes Spritam, the newly approved drug, claims the technology allows high-dose pills to be made more porously,

Being able to 3d print a tablet offers the potential to create bespoke drugs based on the specific needs of patients,

Today, most bespoke drugs are formulated at specialized compounding pharmacies that are frequently miles away from the hospitals and clinics in

Researchers say the lab-on-chip device is a step toward creating quantum computers that could help design new drugs,

The drugs have been around for millennia however even today they are made still from poppy flowers,

making the production of the drugs dependent on poppy farming. Now, for the first time, researchers from Stanford university have been able to synthesize opioids from yeast cultures grown in the lab,

the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that it had approved the drug Imlygic to treat late-stage melanoma on the skin and lymph nodes.

The drug, which relies upon a genetically engineered herpes virus to attack and kill the cancerous cells,

When the drug was injected into the cancerous sites over the course of six months, more than 16 percent of patients saw their lesions shrink.

according to Nature News. But a number of drugs using different viruses and to treat several types of cancer are already in clinical trials.

#Have your drug nano-delivered via microbubble"Colloidal delivery system "and"nanoparticle"are probably not terms you find yourself using in day-to-day interactions,

but for the Univ. of Cincinnati (UC)' s Yoonjee Park, assistant professor in the College of Engineering and Applied science biomedical engineering professor, these words are central to every conversation relating to her cutting edge research on drug delivery vehicles.

and how the drugs used to kill cancer cells also killed other parts of the body.

"If you inject the drug intravenously it can go anywhere and everywhere, which is why we get side effects like hair loss."

"She hoped to find a way of sending drugs only to the specific area of the body that needed the treatment rather than inadvertently treating

"Usually I use nanoparticles for drug delivery vehicles, and we can attach image and contrast agents to the nanoparticle to track the particle.

which makes a complex of the image and contrast agent with the drug itself.""In the course of time Park began to focus her efforts on those parts of the body that posed a significant challenge

and we can see the drug bio-distribution. So we can minimize the side effects before something happens."

"The drug delivery systems Park and Lin have designed can be filled with the prescribed drug and inserted a single time into the spinal disc.

the vehicles can be popped"to systematically release the drug as needed. This technique allows for minimized invasive treatment,

Lin says that his favorite part of his collaboration with Park has been that studying this drug delivery system has much wider applications

Preliminary testing of the drug delivery procedure is being performed at the Laboratory Animal Medical Services (LAMS) facility on UC's East Campus. Currently Park is in the preclinical phase,

Because this is a new application for an old drug the two expect less challenges from the FDA than

if they were trying to introduce an entirely new drug to the market. Thankfully UC provides all of the necessary facilities, equipment,

"says Park of her attempt to create an effective drug delivery vehicle, and she herself is no stranger to this work,

Her Phd at Purdue University and her research at Boston's Massachusetts institute of technology were dedicated both to studying particle stabilization to avoid clogging arteries with the nanoparticles and drug delivery vehicles;

and learning how drugs could be released time at the proper time. With the support of the Univ. of Cincinnati behind her efforts, Park hopes to be able to overcome the barriers that have slowed others,

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