all therapeutic molecules face a deadly foe#the immune system. Its macrophages are designed to spot any intruding molecules in the blood
which has long been a target for cancer researchers looking for drugs that would avoid the debilitating effects of conventional therapies."
including TRAIL-based therapeutics, that work by activating the cellular messenger tumour protein 53 (p53).
so in order to develop new therapeutics for cancer, one needs them to be effective in tumours with mutated p53,
The potential for TRAIL to usher in a new age in cancer therapy was identified first in the mid-1990s3.
although early clinical trials for TRAIL-based therapies showed little toxicity, they were not very successful at treating cancer,
"All the large clinical trials found no significant survival benefit to adding TRAIL-based therapeutics to standard treatments, he ads.
The discovery suggests new approaches to combat antibiotic resistance and boost the power of cancer therapies,
and represent the latest success for a'fringe'therapy in which a type of immune cell called T cells are extracted from a patient, genetically modified,
and toxicology screening and development of novel therapeutics for muscle-related disorders. ioengineered human myobundles mimic clinical responses of skeletal muscle to drugsby Lauran Madden, Mark Juhas, William
This opens the way to new therapeutic options for helping paraplegics to at least partially regain lost rhythmic movements.
as they indicate not only that drug therapies might be effective to improve cognition and behavior in affected individuals,
as candidate therapies become available, we hope to be able to use the genetic data from each ALS patient to direct that person to the most appropriate clinical trials and,
if these can be used as the starting point for developing a future therapy. e
#Tau Associated MAPT Gene Increases Risk for Alzheimer's disease A international team of scientists, led by researchers at the University of California,
and quantifying the biochemical effects of therapeutic interventions, said Anders M. Dale, Phd, professor of neurosciences and radiology and director of the Center for Translational Imaging and Precision Medicine at UC San diego and the study senior author e
and exude opiates and other therapeutic drugs. The goal is to provide cheaper and possibly less addictive painkillers from a dependable source as compared to the poppy.
it could give future amputees a natural transplant option that doesn require immunosuppressive therapies. The rat limb was grown by a team from the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.
and pave the way to an alternate therapy Now, it looks like a team led by University of California (UC), San diego,
One is the lack of detectable virus in the blood plasma of patients on effective ARV therapy
and Therapeutics a new interdisciplinary center dedicated to advancing the understanding of the microbiome s role in human biology
Immunologists geneticists and genomics researchers drive Progress to this wealth of information clinicians contribute patient-based insights and gain potential targets for therapeutics.
targeted therapies designed to remove add or even modify specific bacteria; or medical interventions based on reprogramming an individual s immune system.
The properties of the drug molecule have to be taken into account in the design of local therapy that s effective says Cima.
and try targeted therapeutic approaches. Led by Papagiannakopoulos graduate student Francisco Sanchez-Rivera the paper s other lead author
This type of technology can revolutionize how we do drug therapy in urology, says Cima,
who has founded four other companies in his time at MIT Microchips Inc.,Springleaf Therapeutics, Entra Pharmaceuticals,
which could also be an essential property for diagnostic or therapeutic applications. Moreover Bawendi says We wanted to be able to manipulate these structures inside the cells with magnetic fields
#RNA combination therapy for lung cancer offers promise for personalized medicine Small RNA molecules including micrornas (mirnas)
and small interfering RNAS (sirnas) offer tremendous potential as new therapeutic agents to inhibit cancer-cell growth.
This week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences researchers at the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT report that they have delivered successfully small RNA therapies in a clinically relevant mouse model of lung cancer to slow
Their research offers promise for personalized RNA combination therapies to improve therapeutic response. Delivering combination therapiesusing the KP mouse model in
In this study researchers tested the nanoparticle-delivery system with different payloads of therapeutic RNA. They found that delivery of mir-34a a p53-regulated mirna slowed tumor growth as did delivery of sikras a KRAS-targeting sirna.
Instead of just slowing tumor growth this combination therapy caused tumors to regress and shrink to about 50 percent of their original size.
They found that the nanoparticle treatment extended life just as well as the cisplatin treatment and furthermore that the combination therapy of the nanoparticles and cisplatin together extended life by about an additional 25 percent.
Potential for personalized cancer treatmentsthis early example of RNA combination therapy demonstrates the potential of developing personalized cancer treatments.
With efficient delivery of therapeutic RNA any individual small RNA or combination of RNAS could be deployed to regulate the genetic mutations underlying a given patient s cancer.
Furthermore these RNA therapies could be combined with more traditional drug therapies for an enhanced effect.
Small-RNA therapy holds great promise for cancer Jacks#says. It is appreciated widely that the major hurdle in this field is efficient delivery to solid tumors outside of the liver
RNA therapies are very flexible and have a lot of potential because you can design them to treat any type of disease by modifying gene expression very specifically says James Dahlman a graduate student in Anderson s
and for one of the first times we demonstrate targeted RNA combination therapy in a clinically#relevant model of lung cancer.
This study is a terrific example of the potential of new RNA therapies to treat disease that was done in a highly collaborative way between biologists
That s about 2500 genes that if only we knew what they did we could think about novel therapeutics
The discovery of specific genes associated with these disorders provides significant clues to their biological basis and points to possible molecular targets for novel therapies.
Since 2004 Ted Stanley and his late wife Vada Stanley have been instrumental to the progress made thus far in identifying the genetic risk factors for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and the initiation of therapeutic efforts based on those discoveries.
and lay the groundwork for effective therapies. Human genomics has begun to reveal the causes of these disorders.
and applied this knowledge to begin to invent new targeted forms of therapy. Broad scientists have invented also powerful new tools that allow researchers to precisely manipulate the genome and measure the millions of complex chemical interactions within cells.
and correctly predict which therapies will be effective in humans. Now with growing knowledge of the genes underlying psychiatric disorders Broad researchers plan to create cellular models in the laboratory
The researchers plan to build on the existing therapeutic efforts within the Stanley Center and draw on the Broad s Therapeutics Platform a technological powerhouse with the capacity to create
and screen hundreds of thousands of compounds to identify molecules that can powerfully and precisely influence specific biological pathways relevant to psychiatric disorders.
and ignite needed progress in therapeutics. Launched in 2007 by a $100 million commitment from the Stanley Medical Research Institute the Stanley Center has extensive collaborations with investigators at MIT Harvard and the Harvard-affiliated hospitals as well as with investigators around the world.
develop effective new approaches to diagnostics and therapeutics; and disseminate discoveries tools methods and data openly to the entire scientific community.
or networks that are involved with a brain disorder, leading to new ideas for therapies. Boyden team developed the brain-mapping method with researchers in the lab of Alipasha Vaziri of the University of Vienna and the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology in Vienna.
but in order to achieve the broad potential of RNAI therapeutics, it important that we be able to reach other parts of the body as well,
and the Center for RNA Therapeutics and Biology e
#Chemotherapy timing is key to success MIT researchers have devised a novel cancer treatment that destroys tumor cells by first disarming their defenses,
Tumors in low-oxygen environments tend to be more resistant to therapy and spread more aggressively to other parts of the body.
In cases where you are trying to make therapeutic decisions you want to have some numbers that you can fall back on says Vincent Liu a graduate student in Cima s lab at MIT s Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research
and also identifies several of the challenges that will need to be addressed moving forward to the development of human therapies says Charles Gersbach an assistant professor of biomedical engineering at Duke university who was not part of the research team.
But it started as a potential therapeutic, when Lu was an MD/Phd student in the MIT-Harvard Health Sciences
Faced with the financial crisis and challenges in commercializing therapeutics, they pivoted to diagnostics. They shopped their phages to bacteria-plagued industries such as oil and water treatment,
Theye used in therapeutics, theye found in hydrogels, and theye used to control drug delivery.
Accelerated manufacturing Therapeutic peptides usually consist of a chain of 30 to 40 amino acids, the building blocks of proteins.
and may also help to identify new therapeutic targets for metastatic tumors, which are extremely difficult to treat. he problem is,
the company can pursue other therapeutic avenues. If, however, a drug improves performance in 240 robot-measured patients,
There are other ways for a cell to die besides apoptosis. You want a therapeutic agent to induce programmed cell death
People are interested really in using metals as therapeutics but they re difficult to control and elucidating the cellular targets of metal-based drugs is challenging
By targeting specific cellular organelles with the same therapeutic molecules we can learn a lot about how the cells respond to a given compound
and therapists better understand the physical limitations caused by strokes and other motor disorders. The researchers report their findings in the journal IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.
Many other robotic therapies are designed to do most of the work for the patient in an attempt to train the muscles to walk.
Hogan says. hat wee trying to do with machines in therapy is equivalent to helping the patients,
who did not participate in the research. more immediate benefit of the study is that it presents a method for quantifying the impact of existing rehabilitation therapies on the mechanical properties of the ankle.
Understanding the mechanics of the ankle in healthy subjects may help therapists identify abnormalities in patients with motor disorders.
or therapeutic application by creating the exact combination of channels needed for that task. ou can have a really broad palette of devices,
as they indicate not only that drug therapies might be effective to improve cognition and behavior in affected individuals,
each capped with a metal membrane, that store tiny doses of therapeutics or chemicals. An electric current delivered by the device removes the membrane,
sees this hormone-releasing microchip as one of the first implantable rtificial organsecause it acts as a gland. lot of the therapies are trying to chemically trick the endocrine systems Cima says. e are doing that with this artificial organ we created. ild ideasinspiration for the microchips came in the late 1990s,
Products that use silica-based nanoparticles for biomedical uses such as various chips drug or gene delivery and tracking imaging ultrasound therapy and diagnostics may also pose an increased cardiovascular
New driver of atherosclerosis offers potential as therapeutic targe r
#Researchers create novel nanobowl optical concentrator for organic solar cell Geometrical light trapping is a simple and promising strategy to largely improve the optical absorption and efficiency of solar cells.
This is called photothermal ablation therapy. Magnetically active particles like iron (Fe) can enable physical therapies by generating heat
This was even more effective in causing cancer cell death than magnetic hyperthermia the other therapeutic approach we assessed explained Dr Devrim Kilinc first author and research fellow in the Lee group.
#'Trojan horse'proteins are step forward for nanoparticle-based anticancer and anti-dementia therapeutic approaches Scientists at Brunel University London have found a way of targeting hard-to-reach cancers
and deliver their therapeutic genes into the nucleus
#Researchers move ultrafast low-cost DNA sequencing technology a step closer to reality A team of scientists from Arizona State university's Biodesign Institute
and therapy delivered from outside the cell which may also affect (and potentially harm) nearby normal cells.
In contrast to conventional cancer therapy a University of Cincinnati team has developed several novel designs for iron-oxide based nanoparticles that detect diagnose
and destroy cancer cells using photo-thermal therapy (PTT). PTT uses the nanoparticles to focus light-induced heat energy only within the tumor harming no adjacent normal cells.
That means the photo-thermal effect of iron-oxide nanoparticles may show in the next decade a strong promise in human cancer therapy likely with localized tumors.
Our breakthrough will open up new doors in the various fields of nanomedicine bioimaging and cancer therapeutics.
In this instance rather than being used as therapy the synthetic stool was used to examine the impact of nanoparticles on the human gut.
and their use promises to lead to both conceptual and therapeutic advances in the important and emerging field of tissue engineering, drug delivery, cancer therapies and immune engineering,
while opening the door to therapies and treatments that can be customized to specific patient needs.
This is a significant milestone in the development of synthetic platelets as well as in targeted drug delivery said Samir Mitragotri CBE director who specializes in targeted therapy technologies.
Additionally this technology allows for customization of the particles with other therapeutic substances medications therapies
With optimizable PLNS physicians would be able to strike a finer balance between anticoagulant therapy
and truly targeted therapies. Additionally according to the researchers these synthetic platelets cost relatively less and have a longer shelf life than do human platelets a benefit in times of widespread emergency
#An unlikely use for diamonds Tiny diamonds are providing scientists with new possibilities for accurate measurements of processes inside living cells with potential to improve drug delivery and cancer therapeutics.
The Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics (CNT) under the leadership of senior author Brian Litt Phd has solved this problem with the development of a completely transparent graphene microelectrode that allows for simultaneous optical imaging
Our interest is focused now on incorporating these findings into the design of new nanotechnological drugs for transdermal therapy says Dr Kanaras.
The research team is now focusing on preparing the nanoparticle eye drops for clinical trials with the hope that this nanoparticle therapy could reach the shelves of drugstores within five years.
#Targeted nanoparticles that combine imaging with two different therapies could attack cancer other conditions Nanosystems that are'theranostic'they combine both therapeutic and diagnostic functions present an exciting new opportunity for delivering drugs
The natural fluorescence of the polymer assists with diagnosis and monitoring of therapy as it shows where nanoparticles have accumulated.
The ROS generated by light stimulation have a direct'photodynamic'therapeutic activity which destroys the targeted cells.
Thus cancer cells can be subjected to a two-pronged attack from the ROS therapy and the chemotherapy drug that is released within them (see image).
and imaging-guided photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy with triggered drug release through one light switch explains Liu emphasizing the significance of the system.
Crucially the combined therapy had a greater cytotoxic effect than any one therapy alone. The white light used in this work does not penetrate tissue sufficiently for in vivo applications Liu explains
but we are now attempting to use near-infrared laser light to improve the tissue penetration and move toward on-demand cancer therapy.
which is known to have therapeutic applications in the treatment of many disorders including cancer. Using EGCG IBN researchers have engineered successfully nanocarriers that can deliver drugs
Effective therapy would typically require the administration of substantial amounts of drug-encapsulating vessels into the body.
Unfortunately existing carriers are made of materials that have no therapeutic effect and they may even cause side effects if used in large quantities.
To solve this problem IBN has designed a therapeutic nanocarrier for drug delivery using novel compounds derived from EGCG.
Unlike conventional therapy our green tea carrier can eradicate more cancer cells and accumulate significantly less drugs in vital organs where they could cause adverse side effects.
Aydin said this design can also be used in applications for photothermal therapy thermophotovoltaics heat-assisted magnetic recording thermal emission and solar-steam generation.
10.1021/nn502975r Because existing therapeutic cancer vaccines provide only a limited clinical benefit a different vaccination strategy is necessary to improve vaccine efficacy.
The nanogel-based vaccine significantly inhibited in vivo tumor growth in the prophylactic and therapeutic settings compared to another vaccine formulation using a conventional delivery system incomplete Freund's adjuvant.
which can be used to develop precisely targeted drug therapies are a current focus in the emerging field of pharmacogenomics.
While these therapeutic agents are a boon for global healthcare productivity constraints pose a serious challenge for manufacturers seeking to make sufficient amounts for therapeutic applications.
At present therapeutic antibodies are purified generally by a technique known as protein A affinity chromatography. The process yields a high purification factorypically 99 per centut it is slow thereby creating a severe productivity bottleneck.
but it has achieved never the level of purity needed for clinical therapeutics. The team discovered that by elevating the salt concentration they could reduce contaminant levels from about 250000 parts per million to 500:
In addition to solving the longstanding problem of productivity for monoclonal antibodies the nanoparticle approach can be applied to many other therapeutic proteins and also to viral vaccines.
an illness such as tuberculosis for instance requires at least six months of drug therapy. It's not only viable for diclofenac Hsu says.
#Scientists develop a'nanosubmarine'that delivers complementary molecules inside cells With the continuing need for very small devices in therapeutic applications there is a growing demand for the development of nanoparticles that can transport
and neutral environment) makes these nanoparticles an ideal vehicle for the controlled activation of therapeutics directly inside the cells Raymo says.
#Nanoparticles could provide easier route for cell therapy UT Arlington physics researchers may have developed a way to use laser technology to deliver drug and gene therapy at the cellular level without damaging surrounding tissue.
In the future such a clone could be a source of stem cells for super-personalized therapies made from people's own DNA.
Meanwhile the phage-delivery method could be utilized more as a therapeutic tool. And depending on how the CRISPR system is designed it can work in one of two ways:
Next they will run formal clinical trials to confirm the therapeutic effects with the release of a commercial version slated for around 2015
tailor-made therapy to become widespread. his is the chip wee actually developed. As you can see, it less than half the size of a business card.
Investigating SNPS enables tailor-made therapy. But with the current method, it has to be done in a specialized lab,
which therapies may be effective.""As a bonus, the implant collected metastasized cancer cells for analysis, making it easier to identify the best treatment.
I think it has a lot of therapeutic potential. h
#Tiny ant takes on pesticide industry Few people like antshey bite and overrun kitchen counters.
But in rich countries, it's becoming more and more common to start therapy early, before a patient's CD4 cells have had significant declines.
but more information about the microbiome is needed to effectively design such therapies. The paper lead author is Hiroki Ando, an MIT research scientist.
who was involved not in the research. his is a big step in the development of phage therapies with predictable outcomes and a good demonstration of
The newly described Cpf1 system differs in several important ways from the previously described Cas9, with significant implications for research and therapeutics,
These groups plan to offer licenses that best support rapid and safe development for appropriate and important therapeutic uses. e are committed to making the CRISPR-Cpf1 technology widely accessible,
Zhang says. ur goal is to develop tools that can accelerate research and eventually lead to new therapeutic applications.
This technology also is supporting the development of the first bioinstructive collagen-based therapeutics for medical applications,
including regenerative medicine strategies involving therapeutic cells, multifunctional drug delivery, surgical implants, and tissue engineered medical products.
cell-instructive implants, engineered tissue and organ replacements, hybrid medical devices and therapeutic cell and molecule delivery.
and developed as a whole new class of cancer therapy, especially for cancer stem cells, "he said."
not a well-defined pocket seen in other druggable proteins targeted by many current cancer therapies."
and drug discoveryiming to translate discovery in the lab into clinical therapy, to help cancer patients and their families,
patientsadherence to long-term therapies for chronic illnesses is only 50 percent in developed countries, with lower rates of adherence in developing nations.
they envision an emerging field of orally delivered devices that can maximize adherence and therapeutic efficacy.
Possible stem cell therapies often are limited by low survival of transplanted stem cells and the lack of precise control over their differentiation into the cell types needed to repair
Stem cell therapies have potential for repairing many tissues and bones, or even for replacing organs.
the Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies; the Harvard College Research Program; and NSF Graduate Research, Einstein Visiting, Harvard College PRISE, Herchel-Smith and Pechet Family Fund Fellowships e
This would represent a quantum leap in antiviral therapy, says Fussenegger, who was involved not in the study.
The transplanted photoreceptors migrated naturally within the retina of their host. one transplant represents a therapeutic solution for retinal pathologies caused by the degeneration of photoreceptor cells,
But in order to undertake a complete therapy, we need neuronal tissue that links all RPE cells to the cones.
offering the possibility of directly testing potential avenues for therapy on the patient own tissues e
"Another pioneer, Feng Zhang of Broad Institute, has founded a company called Editas Medicine for using CRISPR in therapeutics.
and we are working to apply it to treat a broad range of diseases at the genetic level where patients don't have good therapeutic options."
when it comes to adapting the technology to human therapeutics. In optogenetics, researchers add light-sensitive channel proteins to neurons they wish to study.
"When we make the leap into therapies for humans, I think we have shot a better with noninvasive sonogenetics approaches than with optogenetics,
#Two-step therapy for breast tumour shows promise Disabling a cancer-causing pathway and administering an immune-molecule-based'mop-up'therapy can eradicate a type of breast tumour in mice,
according to researchers who said that the treatment could slash the amount of chemotherapies required in humans to half."
"This line of research is important to future therapy for Her2-positive breast cancers because it defines a way to make the current treatment better
which is needed to make the targeted therapy work. This therapy, when translated for use in humans,
would be beneficial in reducing toxicity because the amount of antibody could be decreased by two-thirds and the amount of chemotherapy by at least half.
so that individuals previously not able to afford targeted therapy will be able to do so.""All of the therapeutic agents used in this preclinical study are approved
and we expect to try ordered therapy plus interferon in clinical trials soon, "Greene said.
Interferon-gamma is a small protein called a cytokine normally produced by T cells as part of the immune response.
In addition, this combination therapy also augments host tumour immunity which can be a good advantage for this therapy,
researchers said. In a series of experiments in breast cancer cell lines and transgenic mice that develop breast cancer as adults,
and reduction of tumour size in the mice when the therapy is combined with a typical chemotherapeutic agent.
It a prescription adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial onset seizures myoclonic seizures and primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in adults and children with epilepsy,
Therapies incorporating LAP2ALPHA may be administered to early-diagnosis HGPS patients to minimise telomere damage, while older patients, who have undergone already telomere damage,
despite significant therapeutic advances in recent years. nything we can nebulize, we can potentially deliver,
despite the significant therapeutic advances achieved in recent years and currently, there are no personalized delivery devices for inhaled cancer drugs to improve these clinical outcomes,
giving us endless possibilities in sensing, diagnosis and therapy. And all of this thanks to tiny structures that are up to 1, 000 times smaller than a human hair."
trapped in tumours to potentially deliver targeted, therapeutic payloads. The discovery, published online today in Nature Nanotechnology, details how Dr. Zheng and his research team created a new type of microbubble using a compound called porphyrin-a naturally occurring pigment in nature that harvests light.
and therapeutic properties once they burst, he says, in a blink-of-an-eye process that takes only a minute
organic nanoparticle delivery platforms capable of transporting cancer therapeutics directly to tumours. Source: http://www. uhn. ca a
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