Synopsis: Transport:


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water comes through--in your basements, in a parking garage. Secondly, if this water gets to the steel reinforcements--in concrete we have all these steel rebars


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#Scientists grow monkey arms in the lab But that's not the end of the road for this arm.


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"Drones have a lot of potential to further connect our vast network of stores, distribution centers, fulfillment centers and transportation fleet,


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Kathmandu's Tribhuvan International airport, the main entry point for flights bringing in international aid since the April quake, was closed anew Tuesday as a precaution.

People could be seen frantically calling their families as medical attendants rushed to set up tents in the parking lot.


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#Google Self-driving cars Ready for Public roads Google announced Friday its self-driving prototype cars were ready to leave the test track

and hit public roads in California, in a step forward for its autonomous automobile program. The move comes after Google's internal testing of the bubble-shaped vehicle over the past year

and hit the familiar roads of Mountain view, California, with our safety drivers aboard,"said project chief Chris Urmson in a blog post."


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But in the future, charging an electric vehicle may require nothing more than driving and parking. Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Wind energy and Energy system Technology IWES in Kassel, Germany, have developed a wireless charger system that not only recharges a battery but also feeds excess energy back into the electrical grid.

one built into the road, parking space or garage and the other fitted to the underside of electric car.

With this system in place, energy can be transmitted without a plug and entirely through the air or as researchers explain in more depth, hrough a time-varying magnetic field.

Scientists in the UK, for example, are developing electric highways to charge electric cars. However, unlike other options, this coil system from Fraunhofer Institute can also discharge the electricity stored in a vehicle battery


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#Helicopter's Robotic Legs Help Stick Tricky Landings Helicopters of the future could use insectlike robotic legs to land in unlikely places like the slopes of steep hills

Touching down on uneven surfaces is something that today's helicopters are equipped just not to do, according to the Defense Advanced Projects Agency,

But robotic landing gear developed for DARPA at the Georgia Institute of technology (Georgia Tech) could better equip these aircraft to land just about anywhere.

The new landing gear features four robotic legs with bendable"knees"that turn a normal helicopter into

the legs automatically move to stabilize the aircraft, according to DARPA officials, who recently tested out the new system near the Georgia Tech campus in Atlanta."

unmanned helicopter successfully demonstrated the ability to land and take off from terrain that would be impossible to operate from with standard landing gear,"Ashish Bagai,

DARPA program manager, said in a statement. Embedded with force-sensitive contact sensors on each of its feet,

the robotic legs determine the precise angle they need to assume to keep the helicopter from tipping over

what Bagai referred to as"standard landing gear, "which typically features either retractable wheels or fixed skids (the ski-type beams sometimes seen under the fuselage of a helicopter).

Neither of these options works well on uneven terrain, which is unfortunate, because helicopters often need to land

and take off in areas like disaster zones, where there may not be any flat surfaces, according to DARPA.

The robo-insect landing gear can handle landings on irregular terrain, even if there are significant obstacles in the way,

And besides making landings more versatile, the jointed legs also significantly reduce the damage inflicted on helicopters during"hard landings,"according to DARPA.

The agency said these improved capabilities can"greatly expand"the effectiveness of helicopters used for both military and nonmilitary purposes u


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Several Prep studies similarly have shown that ARVS protect uninfected people regardless of the route of transmission.


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The bispecific antibody first binds to CD3 on cells that harbor latent HIV. This prompts the cells to divide, an ctivationprocess that wakes up the sleeping virus. New HIV proteins are produced subsequently that migrate to the surface of the cell.


R_newsoffice.mit.edu 2015 00578.txt.txt

Similar research into how the related Plasmodium pathogen performs this trick had identified a so-called rotein export complexthat transports encoded proteins from the parasite into its host red blood cell,

and so we went back to look at this longstanding phenomenon of nutrient transport, Gold says. When they added dyes to the host cell,

suggesting that this small-molecule transport function had been restored. ll of this came together to strongly suggest that this protein that is involved in protein export in Plasmodium may also have an additional function in small-molecule transport,


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During that time, the team took time-of-flight pictures of the distribution of atoms to capture the topology


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in collaboration with aircraft manufacturer Airbus, involving a jet engine air inlet that traditionally causes drag during flight.

and avoid the need for pilots to control it. Designing for transformation on demand In self-assembly, independent components come together to build a final structure completely on their own,


R_phys.org 2015 00002600.txt

as well as operations and maintenance jobs in resource extraction and fuel transportation. Data for solar and wind generator operations and maintenance jobs were provided by the industries themselves.


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Uber is present in some 200 cities and 54 countries, amid rising frictions with traditional taxi services.*

Airbnb is seen as a threat to the hotel sector similar to Uber's menace to the taxi industry.


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and founder of Geniphys, has worked for more than 10 years to tap into the secrets of the extracellular matrix component of tissues.


R_phys.org 2015 00002698.txt

the calculator crawls the user's channel to tally viewership of noncaptioned videos and, based on that data, estimates the boost in traffic and search-engine optimization,


R_phys.org 2015 00002800.txt

involves improving the transport of oxygen ions, a key component in converting chemical reactions into electricity.

"This built in charge serves as a barrier for ion transport at the interface. The challenge is how to effectively avoid the segregation of Gd in the grain boundary.


R_phys.org 2015 00003021.txt

System-level inspectionsssential for lenders and insurers Assuring solar modules will last for decades Work by Namaste Solar installing PV modules on the roof of the parking structure on NREL's South Table

an airplane flyover that falls far short of capturing the detailed images needed to identify a potential problem."


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Tablets have made appearances in airports, where travelers can have delivered food to where they sit, but are limited still in the traditional restaurant scene.


R_phys.org 2015 00003157.txt

"In a way we kicked a can down the road because we still do not have sufficient precision to know where to look for the really,

A project of CERN, the European organization for nuclear research, the 17-mile LHC tunnel big enough to ride a bicycle through straddles the border between France and Switzerland.


R_phys.org 2015 00003203.txt

and twist samples of the composite materials used to build F/A-18s and other aircraft.

"he says,"for the skin of the plane.""It's a sample of advanced composite,

the median age of today's active aircraft is 22-23 years old. As F/A-18s continue to age beyond their design life cycle,

NRL's robot could help get aircraft from factory to fleet faster. NRL66. 3 robot applies,

Computations from robot data predict how materials behave in aircraft A snapped composite specimen is one thing;


R_phys.org 2015 00003238.txt

because cleanup crews must remove more oil near the plants. The Tabasco state government urged residents to ration water

forcing Pemex to stop shipping finished fuel through its pipelines after discovering 3, 674 illegal taps last year.

when an illegal tap caused a blast that killed 29 people in the central town of San martin Texmelucan.


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and their transportation, assembly and disassembly so the construction company can calculate the total cost of the building."


R_profit.ndtv.com_news_banking-finance 2015 00482.txt.txt

of big-name debuts including Cafe Coffee Day and airline Indigo. Shares hit their lowest level in about a year last week,

Interglobe Aviation, which runs the Indigo airline, is seeking a $400 million listing. Analysts warn more uncertainty is given in store the US Federal reserve is expected to raise interest rates as early as September,

raising the prospect of continued outflows from emerging markets. The Nifty is down 14.5 per cent


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800 sq ft space at Linking Road, Santacruz. Moreover, Lenskart, an Indian eyewear brand that started online,


R_scitechdaily.com 2015 00308.txt.txt

Khazendar team used data on ice surface elevations and bedrock depths from instrumented aircraft participating in NASA Operation Icebridge,


R_scitechdaily.com 2015 00635.txt.txt

During that time, the team took time-of-flight pictures of the distribution of atoms to capture the topology


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the cells that line the airways in the lungs are shaped unusually and cramble around like there a fire drill going on.

Until now, scientists thought that epithelial cells which line not only the lung airways but major cavities of the body and most organs just sat there motionless,

or cars jammed in traffic, said Jeffrey Fredberg, professor of bioengineering and physiology at the Harvard Chan School and one of the senior authors of the study,

The physics of biologythe researchers decided to look at the detailed shape and movement of cells from the asthmatic airway because, according to Fredberg,

the researchers placed layers of epithelial cells from either normal airways or asthmatic airways on a soft gel surface that simulated the degree of stiffness of the lung.

Next stepsnow that it known that epithelial cells in asthmatic airways are shaped oddly and not jammed,

njamming and cell shape in the asthmatic airway epithelium, Nature Materials (2015; doi: 10.1038/nmat4357source:


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for example, resulted in a temporary grounding of all of Boeing 787 Dreamliner jets, Ceder explains. Others have attempted to find a solid replacement for the liquid electrolyte,


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heat transport and strength. The Rice team is laying a theoretical foundation for such structures by analyzing how the blocksjunctions influence the properties of the desired materials.

Layered sheets of graphene keep their properties in-plane, but exhibit little stiffness or thermal conductance from sheet to sheet,


R_scitechdaily.com 2015 00811.txt.txt

which will guide how scientists and engineers build aircraft components, for example. The research, led by Jianwei (John) Miao,


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#Daimler unveils first self-driving truck approved for U s. highway testing The future of self-driving commercial vehicles is unclear,

but the lure of fewer accidents, reduced fuel costs not to mention less human error have generated excitement in the trucking industry as well as the transportation safety sector.

The Daimler Inspiration Truck will be tested rigorously on Nevada roads as the company gathers data about the truck performance

But those vehicles aren't designed to operate alongside other cars and trucks on the highway.

The Inspiration Truck has been licensed by the state of Nevada to do just that share the roads.

There is a human driver on board ready to make lane changes or deal with unexpected situations. Unanswered questionsthere are issues to be worked out too:


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Itron adaptive technology automatically routes data over the best communications system--radio frequency or power line carrier--at the time for the data and the requirements of the application.


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which could be useful in situations from hostage-takings to traffic control, won the Engineering Impact Award in the RF and Communications category at this National Instrument NI Week 2015 meeting


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That scene, straight out of the connected car playbook, would seem to require a few more years of public investment in smart roads,

not only for drivers but for the folks in charge of sanding the roads, safety patrols and law enforcement. he most important data come from a handful of car functions:

the temperature of the road itself (taken by infrared sensors), barometric pressure, and of course the stage of those windshield wipers. e are pioneering the connected car,

Banfield says. oday we are alerting a human driver, but it will be of incredible value to automated driving


R_spectrum.ieee.org 2015 00951.txt.txt

whether linear or circular, features electric fields oriented in a single plane. With circularly polarized light,

the plane is continually rotating through 360 degrees.)One of the distinguishing capabilities of circularly polarized light (CPL) is that it can discern the difference between right-handed and left-handed versions of molecules property known as chirality.


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At MIT, theye been working on a prototype for a time of flight microwave camera which can be used to image objects through walls,

MIT microwave camera can do 3-D imaging using time of flight in the same way that Microsoft latest Xbox Kinect sensor works.

The time of flight camera sends out bursts of microwaves and then keeps careful track of how long it takes for the microwaves to bounce off of something

it has to be scanned mechanically along the entire focal plane, a process that takes something like an hour.


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including whether it been placed in airplane mode, or set solely to vibration. Using a combination of various bits of information,


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The separation of the control plane from the power plane makes a foundation for fully configurable ecosystem.


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and dangerous jobs much better than humans or helicopters. The problem is that drones can be difficult to program and pilot.

Commercial businesses can now license Airware Flight Core autopilot technology, Ground Control Station for dispatching drones,

the Flight Core autopilot system, which provides the brains to each drone that Airware powers,

and ensure theye complying with flight regulations. Rather than having to pre-program a drone,

The goal is to reduce the drone piloting expertise needed to get complicated missions flown.

and dig sites using flight plans generated Airware Ground Control Station. Users simply draw out a geofence for the drone to stay within

It was easily the most exciting flight of the day, launching via a catapult, flying several quick passes around the the whole area,

which will provide a full-on Linux computer for developers to work with in addition to the standard Flight Core autopilot and Ground Control Station integration.

Planes and helicopters can be terribly expensive for collecting this overhead video and measurement data, though.

Downey grew up the son of pilots, then built his own drones at MIT. Now his company Airware is going to teach them to do our bidding,


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I was immersed in an environment that was filled with highways of neurons sprawled out in every direction.

The VR experience incorporates a natural gaze-based navigation method (which lets a user fly toward a particular area simply by looking where they want to go).

When Malaysia Airlines flight 370 went missing, Tomnod directed its users to help search for the missing aircraft.

In fact the site couldn keep up with the traffic due to an influx of users looking to help. hrough games,

though building better computer vision AI and thus automating big neurodata analysis our collective, collaborative,


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French Internet service providers and hosting companies will have to install a new system in their infrastructure to filter all traffic.


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#LOT Polish airlines Now Accepting Bitcoin I not a big fan of the accepts bitcointype of post

LOT Polish airlines, the official Polish air carrier, is now accepting bitcoin. What does that mean?

which is why we are one of the first airlines in the world to give its passengers the possibility of paying with Bitcoins as early as today. airbaltic


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Real-time environment maps provided by depth sensors are being used to test self-driving taxis and autonomous delivery drones.


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The research is a combination of work from a student on fellowship at NASA from the University of Michigan and nearly a decade and a half of study on self-healing materials for both aircrafts and spacecrafts.


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a trend toward moving back into cities where public transportation is often a preferable alternative to sitting on congested freeways is also a contributing factor.

, fuel, maintenance and parking expenses) are continued also a pain point for owners. Many car manufacturers are responding by concentrating efforts on improving the product itself,


R_timesofindia.indiatimes.com_home_science 2015 00340.txt.txt

multi-object tracking radar (MOTR) on a rocket flight next month while formal commissioning is expected to take three months time,

and developed by Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) will be tested next month during a PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch vehicle) rocket flight.

and also be used at airports. SRIHARIKOTA: The Indian Space Research Organization is set to test its sophisticated, indigenously-built,

multi-object tracking radar (MOTR) on a rocket flight next month while formal commissioning is expected to take three months time,

and developed by Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) will be tested next month during a PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch vehicle) rocket flight.

and also be used at airports s


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#First aqueous solar flow battery designed WASHINGTON: Researchers have designed the first aqueous flow battery with solar capability that can achieve a 20 per cent energy savings over traditional batteries.


R_timesofindia.indiatimes.com_home_science 2015 01089.txt.txt

but this study is the first to demonstrate the critical role played by the pyruvate transport protein.

In addition to diabetes, the researchers also think that interfering with pyruvate transport may help patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a condition common in people with obesity y


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since crews change every six months. In this scenario, an electronic card is damaged, "said senior researcher Peter Ford Dominey.

the memory of this event will enable the robot to use a video system to show the repair that was made to a new member of the crew.

and then transferring them to the scientists in the next crew. These results demonstrate the feasibility of this system,


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Transport minister Andrew Jones says advanced biofuels have the potential to save at least 60%of the greenhouse gas emissions from equivalent fossil fuel.

and generate up to £100 million of transport fuel a year.""The latest biofuels use low value waste products to produce high value fuel

and will help power modes of transport that cannot be electrified in the future such as heavy trucks or even aircraft.

"Celtic in partnership with Ghent-based Biobase Europe Pilot Plant produced the first samples of biobutanol earlier this month.


R_timesofindia.indiatimes.com_home_science 2015 01123.txt.txt

Transport minister Andrew Jones says advanced biofuels have the potential to save at least 60%of the greenhouse gas emissions from equivalent fossil fuel.

and generate up to £100 million of transport fuel a year.""The latest biofuels use low value waste products to produce high value fuel

and will help power modes of transport that cannot be electrified in the future such as heavy trucks or even aircraft.

"Celtic in partnership with Ghent-based Biobase Europe Pilot Plant produced the first samples of biobutanol earlier this month.


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The cloak's surface was metaengineered to re-route reflected light waves to render the object invisible to optical detection when activated.


R_timesofindia.indiatimes.com_home_science 2015 01290.txt.txt

and Nasa worries that they might be carrying microbial hitchhikers from Earth that could contaminate Mars. Of the spacecraft Nasa has sent to Mars,


R_timesofindia.indiatimes.com_home_science 2015 01463.txt.txt

Following flight, astronauts have four times the risk of herniated discs as the general population.""Given the impact of atrophy on astronauts in space,


R_www.3ders.org 2015 02991.txt.txt

While wee seen compact 3d printers before, very few can actually be transported as carry on luggage in airlines by singe physicians.


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If youe a naval captain using sonar, a gynaecologist conducting ultrasounds, or just a dolphin, youl know that reflected sound waves have long been used to construct images of objects.


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buildings and transportation is connected fundamentally real breakthrough means solving them together rather than separately. At today EERE day, The Oak ridge National Laboratory unveiled its Additve Manufactuing Integrated Energy (AMIE) project,


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and predicts that it could be used in paint applied to airplanes and satellites, however the idea to incorporate it into a wearable technology came from Pinar Guvenc, Inanc Eray and Gonzalo Carbajo, partners of Eray Carbajo,


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could be useful for constructing such things as aircraft or spaceship parts. Like the development of SAMS, Dr. Liou explains that for the FGMS it is also a matter of finding the correct cooling rate.


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These, which are seen probably as opportunities to capitalize on further down the road, were marked as determining factors by less than 20%of respondents.


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To step in and train the surgeons that will perform this surgery is 3d Systems with its Robotix Mentor training module.


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which permitted its transport inside an airplane. This incidentally shows how little we have begun really to explore the possibilities of 3d printing,

The findings from this work were used to design an ultraportable, plug-and-play, solar-powered 3d printing system suitable for transport to,

This means that what she proposes can be achieved today in a very real way (without even paying for extra luggage on low-cost airlines.

while a specific inverter is included in the kit in case the standard Mars analogue mission battery pack cannot be transported on the plane due to varying airline regulations


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but the road ahead is clear. Perhaps one of the most curious aspects is that bioprinting CNTS created no additional difficulties,


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and transportation consuming another 28%or so, how are we going to get from here to there,


R_www.abc.net.au 2015 01286.txt.txt

Dr Ni said the technology eventually could be used for military applications like making large objects like vehicles or aircraft or even individual soldiers"invisible".


R_www.aerospace-technology.com 2015 00825.txt.txt

#Progress cargo spacecraft failure delays ISS crew's return to Earth An unmanned cargo spaceship that failed to complete its ISS resupply mission

Russia initially planned to bring back the crew home on 14 may; however, the agency has asked them to stay there until early June

and pushed back the launch of replacement crew to late July. ISS Russian segment head Vladimir Solovyov was quoted by the Associated press as saying:"

"In accordance with space and aviation regimen, we can't immediately make a manned launch."

in order to ensure crew safety. Launched aboard a Soyuz rocket from Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on 28 april,

The spacecraft lost contact with the flight controllers shortly after it reached orbit and the capsule was found tumbling.


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#AFRL providing cost-effective inspection solutions for turbine engine aircraft Aircraft engine inspections are an essential part of maintaining a healthy and reliable fleet.

Researchers embarked upon this effort to answer a need from aircraft maintainers for a reliable,

Most notably, the increased level of reliability of SIR inspections over FPI means aircraft maintainers can often return engine airfoils to service


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and 3dna nanocarriers can deliver a variety of drug cargoes, we can easily generate targeted drugs for many of these indications."


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which move the cargo between two chemically distinct environments. Modulating the ph levels of the solutions in those environments triggers the aptamers to atchor eleasethe target biomolecule.


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The new technology may hold promise for many applications such as for jewelry, automotive interior trim, aviation, signage, colored keypads, wearable and electronic displays.


R_www.azonano.com 2015 00131.txt

This capability supports"materials by design,"a concept that enables the development of unique new materials for function-specific applicability, such as lighter, stronger fiber composites for airplane wings;


R_www.azonano.com 2015 00146.txt

"Moreover, the conductive Fe-Ni core provides a highway to accelerate the transport of electrons to the current collector,


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a process that Healy likened to passengers boarding a subway train at rush hour. The system confined geometry helps align the cells in multiple layers and in a single direction.

a process that Healy likened to passengers boarding a subway train at rush hour. The system confined geometry helps align the cells in multiple layers and in a single direction.


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This research was supported as part of the Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures and Transport (FIRST) Center, an Energy Frontier Research center funded by DOE Office of Science.


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Just as they help control the transport of materials through pores, flow-gating mechanisms have also proved very useful for many practical applications designed by humans, such as gas and liquid separations, dialysis,

"Aizenberg's system can separate a wide range of cargos and is extraordinarily precise due to the fact that the fluid-filled gate adjusts to accommodate filtration of each substance it encounters,

for example, prove especially valuable for crude oil transport, in which fuel lines frequently become clogged, leading to high costs and risk of gas accidentally escaping into the environment.


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but we hope that it could potentially be used as a diagnostic tool further on down the road,


R_www.azonano.com 2015 00626.txt.txt

and it can go into schools, restaurants, factories, hospitals, ambulances, airports, and even battlefields. he next market Chen is targeting is the smart home,


R_www.azonano.com 2015 00966.txt.txt

which will guide how scientists and engineers build aircraft components, for example. The research, led by Jianwei (John) Miao,


R_www.azonano.com 2015 00990.txt.txt

In this case, touchless navigation has obvious advantages with respect to hygiene, says Szendrei, pointing to one potential application for the new device.


R_www.azonano.com 2015 01001.txt.txt

in order to significantly improve their transport to human cells; this could find uses for example in enhanced drug delivery.


R_www.azonano.com 2015 01005.txt.txt

and other standard techniques in structural biology to unlock its transport secrets. The Lithgow lab, working with colleagues from Nagoya, Kyoto and Tokyo, ramped up scale of the technology making literally hundreds of re-coded TOM 40 complexes, each one with a novel additional 21st amino acid.


R_www.azosensors.com 2015 02108.txt.txt

and ensuring that products remain unspoiled during transportation. Using the roll-to-roll technology developed by VTT,

whether the shipment has been opened earlier during transportation. In the ROPAS project, VTT showed that roll-to-roll technology for printing electronics is suited also to the manufacturing of paper-based security tags.


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Both these effects change the time of flight of an ultrasound wave through a bearing.


R_www.azosensors.com 2015 02704.txt.txt

There also a role for security, for example in drug searches at airports. More fundamentally though, the researcher say it could help them build something that never existed before:


R_www.azosensors.com 2015 02899.txt.txt

The team looked at an analysis approach using time-of-flight (TOF) information, which utilises the faster detectors present in modern PET systems to more accurately locate the source of each pair of rays.


R_www.bbc.com_future 2015 00302.txt.txt

#How to build a hypersonic airliner t is a magic aircraftthe pleasure of flying in it is almost a carnal one.

So said Joelle Cornet-Templet, a chief stewardess for Air france, about Concorde: one of the world first supersonic civilian airplanes,

which flew from 1976 to 2003 and became a watchword for travelling in style. This thoroughbred airliner could fly from London to Sydney in 17 hours, three minutes and 45 seconds;

compared to around 22 hours on a Boeing 747. Concorde was the best-known member of an exclusive club of two;

the only other civilian airliner able to break the speed of sound was the Soviet union Tupolev tu-144,

The end of the Concorde and Tupolev airliners left the supersonic market empty. But now, 12 years after the Concorde fleet last flew,

even faster airliners are taking shape in research facilities. One of those designs is by Lapcat-II,

a European-designed aeroplane capable of cruising speeds up to eight times faster than sound (8, 500 km h or 5, 280 mph) taking passengers from Brussels to Sydney in 2 hours and 55 minutes.

At the AIAA Hypersonic Space Plane conference in Glasgow in Scotland in July, a paper submitted by Lapcat-II researchers said their early airliner tests suggested such a design would be greener than current aircraft,

just as safe, and would not cost much more than today long-haul flights. Fuel factor Johan Steelant, a senior research engineer at the European space agency (Esa) and coordinator of Lapcat-II,

with his colleagues, has been testing two prototypes. One is a Mach 5 plane the Lapcat-A2 powered by a precooled air-turbo ramjet;

and a promising Esa-designed Mach 8 plane, also powered by a ramjet engine. A ramjet is an air-breathing jet, with no major moving parts.

The engine's forward motion compresses incoming air travelling at high speed, ramming it into a combustion chamber.

Ramjets can move a plane very fast. But how do you power them? Fuel choice is important,

What more, liquid hydrogen fuel is not highly combustible mid-flight. Although hydrogen can be ignited, the risks of an explosion or fire are lower compared to conventional airline kerosene fuel.

Nasa used the same stuff to power the Space shuttle. f there is leak, the hydrogen is

In Asia, Japan aerospace exploration agency (Jaxa) is also working on a hypersonic airliner called Hytex intended to cross the Pacific ocean in two hours at speeds of Mach 5. Both Lapcat-II

The Hytex turbojet engine has been tested successfully in a flight experiment which simulates speeds up to Mach 1. 8. Hytex uses liquid hydrogen both as a fuel

says Hideyuki Taguchi, leader of Jaxa hypersonic airplane research. Hunger for hydrogen But, deriving hydrogen efficiently is one main factor for high operating costs.

the airfare tickets of a hypersonic trip could drop to about half the price of a business-class ticket.

Even though hydrogen-fuelled airliners would not emit greenhouse-increasing gases such as carbon dioxide, sulphur oxides or soot like today subsonic airplanes,

there is another issue. Water vapour produced by hydrogen combustion stays in the stratosphere for a long time and could be a contributing factor to global warming.

And that effect could be worse than the current fleet of long-haul airliners the longer that water vapour remains."

"Lapcat-II also plans for their Mach 8 Esa-variant airliner to fly well above 33 km, hopefully minimising the environmental impact.

when stored as a liquid it needs far less space than gas. f a market for small business jets existed,

Race for the skies Other companies are already working to make the supersonic business-aviation market a reality.

Airbus has patented just a delta-wing Mach 4. 5 hypersonic design that could be used to create business jets.

Spike Aerospace, another US company, plans to launch a similar supersonic business passenger plane with internal video screens linked to external cameras instead of windows.

And Lockheed martin has a commercial plane, the N+2, that will travel at Mach 1. 7. There one problem with flying so fast,

European hypersonic jets would fly over the North pole and cross the Bering strait, avoiding populated land.

when a supersonic airplane changes its speed, turns or manoeuvres. In a superboom the ground noise of a sonic boom is two

As the European hypersonic plane will fly higher, its ground shock waves will be spread out and produce a smaller shock wave.

and Boeing to design airplanes that break the sound barrier more quietly. From 2020 to 2025 it may be possible that airplanes could then exceed the sound barrier over populated land without causing a major disturbance.

In Europe, Steelant team tested their 300-seat design albeit a 1: 120 scale model, at speeds of Mach 8 within a wind tunnel.

While the design consumes two times more fuel per second than a Mach 4 plane, it gets to the destination in roughly half the time so the fuel consumed overall during the trip is roughly the same.

When we have a lighter airplane, we have lower fuel consumption and smaller tanks, which makes the vehicle again smaller,

The Jaxa project has studied the potential market for hypersonic airliners travelling at Mach 5 and found a 100-passenger aircraft flying two round trips per day is realistic based on market research.

These passengers would be made up mostly of enthusiastic first-class ticket holders. By 2030 the hypersonic aviation industry could employ over 500,000 people,

according to research by Airbus and the Japan Aircraft Development Corporation. he estimated ticket price for Tokyo to Los angeles is the same as that of an existing first-class seat,

This represents about 10%of the market of passengers willing to pay for these timesaving routes.

Airbus and Aerion aeroplane tests will start in 2019. The European A2 Mach 5 aeroplane may take another 20 years to complete.

The Esa Mach 8 aeroplane might become commercially sustainable sometime in the mid 21st Century.

The Concordes and Tupolevs that paved the way for supersonic air travel in the 1970s now gather dust in museums.

But their legacy may be continued, fast and high above our heads, in the years to come b


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