Ohea, a professor in the department of cell and developmental biology and director of the University of Michigan Pluripotent Stem Cell Research Lab,
and could only image a limited number of biological targets. The researchers wanted to find another way of making gas-filled structures that could be nanoscale.
The researchers showed that they were able to easily attach biomolecules to the gas vesicle surface to enable targeting.
This new knowledge will significantly build the capability of evolutionary research as well as comparative biology since accurate measures of organismal relationships are fundamental to our interpretation of morphology genetics
which was published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry l
#Laser probe knows if you ate your veggies Yale university rightoriginal Studyposted by Michael Greenwood-Yale on November 6 2014a diet full of fruits
In contrast biological signals are less clear in addition to ignaland o signalthere is a plethora of intermediate states with little bit of signal.
This is a particular disadvantage for biocomputer components that serve as sensors for specific biomolecules and transmit the relevant signal.
A team led by ETH Zurich Professor Yaakov Benenson has developed several new components for biological circuits.
The researchers recently published their work in the scientific journal Nature Chemical Biology. To understand the underlying technology it is important to know that these biological sensors consist of synthetic genes that are read by enzymes
and converted into RNA and proteins. In the controllable biosensor developed by doctoral candidate Nicolas Lapique the gene responsible for the output signal is not active in its basic state as it is installed in the wrong orientation in the circuit DNA.
and reinstalls it in the correct orientation making it active. he input signals can be transmitted much more accurately than before thanks to the precise control over timing in the circuitsays Benenson professor of synthetic biology who supervised Lapique s work.
In biology there are a variety of different signals a host of different proteins or microrna molecules.
In order to combine biologic components in any desired sequence signal converters must be connected between them. Laura Prochazka also a doctoral candidate student under Benenson has developed a versatile signal converter.
This new biological platform will significantly increase the number of applications for biological circuits. he ability to combine biological components at will in a modular plug-and-play fashion means that we now approach the stage
when the concept of programming as we know it from software engineering can be applied to biological computers.
and membrane biology at University of California Davis. o understand how neural systems or the heart works we need to know which switches are activated.
The researchers who conducted this study come from UC Davis Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole and the Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
The dream of the researchers is to one day apply the technology to shed light on the spatial structure of biomolecules such as proteins.
This would help biologists tackle issues relating to protein functions more effectively o
#Tiniest particles melt and then turn into Jell-o New york University rightoriginal Studyposted by James Devitt-NYU on October 20 2014the fact that microscopic particles known as polymers
and department of plant biology. hey go into quiescence to conserve energy and nutrients. That's when they produce the equivalent of vegetable oil.
This discovery which is like a eesaw circuitwas led by postdoctoral scholar Weizhe Hong in the laboratory of David J. Anderson biology professor at Caltech and an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
and social behaviors nd if you don t understand the circuitry you are never going to understand how the gene mutation affects the behavior. oing forward he says such a complete understanding will be necessary for the development of future therapies.
In earlier research microbiologist Gemma Reguera of Michigan State university identified that Geobacter bacteria s tiny conductive hairlike appendages
and Environmental microbiology Reguera has added an additional layer of armor to her enhanced microbes. The microbes also use the pili to stick to each other
and then unload it again in the right place. he use of biological motors for technical applications is not easy.
Molecular engines such as kinesin have to be removed from their biological context and integrated into an artificial entity without any loss of their functionality.
while mitigating the potential for diversion to illegal usesays Smolke who outlines her work in the journal Nature Chemical Biology.
Scientists from the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole Massachusetts and the University of Maryland Baltimore County collaborated on the project.
or tweak the lipid biosynthesis pathway to favorably modify the oil content in rapeseed. Being able to modify the content of bitter-tasting compounds has implications beyond
isolationsays Christian Rabeling assistant professor of biology at the University of Rochester. e now have evidence that speciation can take place within a single colony. n discovering the parasitic Mycocepurus castrator researchers uncovered an example of sympatric speciation
which geographic barriers such as mountains separate members of a group causing them to evolve independently. ince Darwin s Origin of Species evolutionary biologists have debated long
and coauthor of the study that is published in the journal Current Biology ith this study we offer a compelling case for sympatric evolution that will open new conversations in the debate about speciation in these ants social insects and evolutionary biology
#Laser detects distant bombs with 99%accuracy Texas A&m University rightoriginal Studyposted by Ryan Garcia-Texas A&m on August 13 2014new laser technology makes it possible to identify explosives biological
The lasers travel long distances and identify dangerous materials present within powders that commonly act as carriers for explosive nitrates and lethal biological agents such as anthrax and ricin.
The technique allows them to peer through the tissue#in 3d#using standard optical methods such as confocal microscopy. arge volumes of tissue are not optically transparent#you can t see through themsays Viviana Gradinaru (BS 05) an assistant professor of biology
Biological sciences the study builds the evolutionary framework for future ecological and genetics research of insects Kawahara says. here is a DNA revolution taking place.
and chair of the school of plant sciences with a joint appointment in the department of ecology and evolutionary biology. ice will play a key role in helping to solve what we call the 9 billion-people question. he 9 billion people question refers to predictions that the world
which makes it easier to detect even smaller changes for tiny traces of explosives in the air. he sensor could have applications beyond chemical and explosive detection such as use in biomolecular research.
The study findings identify specific molecular vibrations that help enable charge separationhe process of kicking electrons free from atoms in the initial steps of photosynthesis. oth biological and artificial photosynthetic systems take absorbed light
and the water into the fuel-making process, says Gemma Reguera, Michigan State university microbiologist and one of the study coauthors. ith a saturated glycerol market,
The design was inspired by natural biological motors that have evolved to perform specific tasks critical to the function of cells says Jong Hyun Choi a Purdue University assistant professor of mechanical engineering.
Whereas biological motors are made of protein researchers are trying to create synthetic motors based on DNA the genetic materials in cells that consist of a sequence of four chemical bases:
Cellulose could come from a variety of biological sources including trees plants algae ocean-dwelling organisms called tunicates
and biomolecular engineering to come up with a viscous blend of strontium ferrite. It s not the first time a consumer electronic device was printed in Lipson s lab. Back in 2009 Malone
researcher's microscope slides or microarrays where the liquids are placed. Also as can be seen from oil spills in the Gulf of mexico oil can stick
A paper by the research team led by Penn State s Sarah M. Assmann professor of biology
And we can try to understand how these RNA structural changes relate to certain biological functions.?
evilacqua adds ecause RNA is so central in its role in gene regulation the tools we ve developed can be transferred to scientists who are working with essentially any biological system. he Human Frontiers Science Program (HFSP) Penn State Eberly
Jude Keyse a postgraduate student at the University of Queensland School of Biological sciences says the find was surprising.
and quickly link up again mimicking the process that allows biological molecules such as DNA to assemble rearrange and break down.
The finding while it could lead to more agile robots serves primarily to shed light on a question that has baffled biologists:
while the other region pushes the water backwardsays Eric Fortune a professor of biological sciences at the New jersey Institute of technology who was a co-author of the paper. his arrangement is rather counter-intuitive like two propellers fighting against each other. f the fish wants to move forward
and bees says senior author Cowan who directs the Locomotion in Mechanical and Biological Systems Lab at Johns Hopkins Whiting School of engineering. s an engineer
and professor of chemistry and chemical biology. s an additive it greatly improves the cycling stability of the battery. n another approach to improving lithium-sulfur battery durability the researchers also report a new way
The sensors make use of microfluidic technologyâ##developed by Abraham Stroock associate professor of chemical and biomolecular engineeringâ##that places a tiny cavity inside the chip.
when a biologist or chemist makes a certain type of molecular network the engineering process is complex cumbersome and hard to repurpose for building other systems.
Scientists now are finding ways to design synthetic systems that behave like biological ones with the hope that synthetic molecules could support the body s natural functions.
The National Science Foundation the Burroughs Wellcome Fund and the National Centers for Systems Biology supported the research.
scanning medical therapy and imaging and research in biology and materials science. ecause it employs commercial lasers
or species with adaptive alleles or gene variants using genetic engineeringwrite Josh Donlan Cornell visiting fellow in ecology and evolutionary biology and his colleagues.
Finding that binding target has been a major challenge for structural biologists. That s because there are only tiny amounts of the protein involved in cell growth
Hong has used long solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study structural biology including the mechanism used by the flu virus to infect host cells.
and thus better harvest bioenergy. ong and Daniel Cosgrove professor and chair in biology at Penn State are the lead authors.
and developed the ability to react with oxide minerals rather than breathe oxygen as we do to convert organic nutrients into biological fuel.
and convert it into biological fuel their excess electrons flow into the carbon filaments and across to the positive electrode
Douglas Capone a professor and chair of biological sciences at the University of Southern California says that the research is notable both for understanding the nitrogen cycle
and spread diseases such as the ongoing outbreak of Cryptococcus in Canada and the Pacific Northwest of the United states. Though some might disagree most biologists think the purpose of sex is to create diversity among offspring.
The results are published in the journal PLOS Biology. hese studies turn our view of the functions of sex by 180 degrees
but can actually create it from scratchsays Joseph Heitman the study s senior author and professor and chair of molecular genetics and microbiology at the Duke university School of medicine.
##and manmade products constructed from similar materials has to do with the hierarchical architecture of the biological materialsâ##the way the silica-based skeletons are built up from different structural elements some
A 21-member team organized by the American Academy of Microbiology established a set of recommendations on how advances in microbiology can be harnessed to improve agriculture.
NOTTINGHAM (UK)# Scientists have identified the genetic mutation responsible for the first blue chicken eggs in South american Mapuche fowl and their European descendants Araucana 200 to 500 years ago.
or#fancy#poultry breeders to identify at fine resolution the exact location of the mutation in the genome in blue egg laying chickens.
#Yeast reveals secret of hitchhiker mutations It takes a group effort of genetic mutations to give organisms the best shot at evolutionary survival a new study suggests.
Evolution occurs when an individual experiences a spontaneous beneficial mutation in its genome that improves its ability to adapt to its environment.
The common view was that a single mutation could boost the survival of an individual
and pass on the mutation to its offspring. Instead researchers studying 1000 generations of adaptation in 40 yeast populations have found that rather than just one mutation causing enhanced survival about five to seven mutations are required.
These extra mutations are termed hitchhikers because they don t appear to contribute to the enhanced fitness of the organism Our study indicates that evolution is more of a group effort says Gregory Lang an associate research scholar in the laboratory of David Botstein at Princeton university s Lewis-Sigler Institute
for Integrative Genomics. Lang is first author on the paper which appears in the journal Nature.
Drivers and hitchhikers The finding goes against the traditional view of evolution being determined by individual mutations that provide a large fitness advantage by themselves says Michael Desai a former Princeton fellow who is currently at Harvard university.
We found that small groups which we call cohorts of mutations were associated with increased survival.
No single mutation is driving adaptation. The whole group which includes hitchhikers drives adaptation together.
The relatively small subset of gene mutations that were found to enhance survival Botstein says suggests that there are only a limited number of ways in
The knowledge of how mutations drive evolution can inform our understanding of how tumors resist chemotherapeutics
Although the researchers refer to the groups of mutations as containing drivers and hitchhikers Desai says that additional research is being done to explore which mutations are necessary for adaptation and
which ones are along for the ride. He noted that the mutations are located not near each other nor do they appear to have similar functions.
The study helps expand our understanding of how evolution arises from a combination of genetic mutations
which are thought of as occurring spontaneously and environmental pressures says Botstein. We ve shown that this first component the genetics involves not just one gene mutation
but several that need to coexist before evolution can happen. By following genomic changes across cell populations over time this study allows a rare glimpse of evolution in progress says Stefan Maas of the National institute of health s National Institute of General Medical sciences which partially funded the research.
This systems biology approach yields insights that could help us understand how mutations spread through other evolving systems such as cancer cells
Previous evidence suggests that yeast may experience beneficial mutations that inactivate genes they no longer need.
if grown in conditions where the yeast can only reproduce asexually mutations that inactivate genes for proteins involved in sexual reproduction boost survival
whether the mutations identified in the new study confer specific survival advantages. The National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship the National Institute of General Medical sciences Centers of Excellence the National institutes of health the James S. Mcdonnell Foundation the Alfred P. Sloan
So we want to understand how they interact with cells once inside the body These latest findings come from an ongoing collaboration between biologist engineers
Oddly shaped flakes Preliminary research by Kane s biology group had shown that graphene sheets can indeed enter cells
That allows us to better interpret the biological impacts of these materials. It s really a wonderful collaboration.
A related paper published July 3 by the same research team in Biology Letters has shown clear and even stronger responses of Cuvier s beaked whales to simulated mid-frequency sonar exposures.
High school biology leaves off with this: In normal pollination sperm-carrying pollen grains land on the pistil s tip
In his lab at Brown University Mark Johnson associate professor of biology studies the true complexity of intercellular communications that conduct this process with exquisite precision.
The new paper in Current Biology describes the genetically prescribed life cycle of the pollen tube and how their expression destines the tube for self-sacrifice allowing flowering plants to reproduce.
Among the fundamental biology questions at play in the sex lives of flowers for example are how cells recognize each other know what to do
when they aren t. He grew some normal arabadopsis plants some in which a mutation disabled only one of the transcription factors and other ones in
if these inclusions were actually biological in origin the researchers looked at 15 different samples of Farrel Quartzite
Stable carbon isotope analysis can determine the biological origin of these microfossils because they used carbon dioxide to create energy
During this process the organisms selectively incorporate more carbon 12 than carbon 13 from the available carbon producing a signature of biological origin.
It actually looks like a Play station 4. The nuclear DNA from a patient egg carrying MITOCHONDRIAL DNA mutations is removed
The baby will be free of risk from maternal mitochondrial mutations, but yet the biological child of the parents.
OHSU The resulting egg can then be fertilized with the intended father sperm using traditional in vitro fertilization,
chitin is the second-most common biopolymer on earth, occurring not only in crab and lobster shells,
With DNATRAX the bacteria is replaced by particles of non-biological DNA that can be collected with simple forensic swabs
Then simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology can identify the code and reveal the origin of the product in about an hour right down to
and interaction of silica-based nanoparticles with biological systems write the researchers. Because our research demonstrates a clear cardiovascular health risk associated with this trend steps need to be taken to help ensure that potential health
which weren't as soft and flexible as the biological tissue surrounding them. Over time this could cause irritation which would in turn lead to inflammation the build up of scar tissue and ultimately rejection.
In biology, molecular motors are highly complex protein assemblies that can produce work by consuming energy:
they take part in fundamental biological functions such as copying DNA andprotein synthesis, and underlie all motion processes.
This allows the drug to bypass the blood-brain barrier a biological fence that prevents the vast majority of drugs from entering the brain through the bloodstream.#
I. Kim is affiliated also with the Neuroscience Program the Institute for Genomic Biology the Beckman Institute and the departments of bioengineering of materials science and engineering and of nuclear plasma and radiological engineering at the U. of I d
Dozens of popular courses in psychology, statistics, biology and other fields are offered also primarily online.
which Dr. Joos defined as determination made through the application of socially agreed upon biological criteria for classifying persons as females and males.
which the moving parts that are in contact with blood are made of tissue that is better suited for the biological environment,
We didn t have any biologists on staff, so we couldn t clone anybody, ##he said.##
In tests, their synapse circuits perform similar to normal biological neurons. Of course, duplicating synapse firings in nanotube circuits does not mean that scientists are ready to replace the human brain,
predicts in his#blogthat expected advances in molecular nanotechnology will one day enable us to replace brain cells with damage-resistant nanomaterials that process thoughts faster than today s biological brains.##
Biological brains die within minutes after the heart stops, but our new brain will simply turn itself off and wait for a new power supply.
Genetic studies have shown that people with type 2 diabetes are more likely to have mutations in the gene that encodes a protein called insulin-degrading enzyme, or IDE.
are compounds far smaller than less common biological medicines like antibodies. They are developed using libraries of thousands or millions of known chemical substances.
if it has desired a effect on a biological target, such as an enzyme or other protein known to be involved in a disease.
Of particular interest will be synthetic biology, which allows efficiently reprogramming unicellular life to make fuels, byproducts accessible from organic chemistry and smart devices.
The creation of entirely new strains of food animals and plants in order to better address biological and physiological needs.
Synthetic biology: Synthetic biology is about programming biology using standardized parts as one programs computers using standardized libraries today.
Includes the broad redefinition and expansion of biotechnology, with the ultimate goals of being able to design,
build and remediate engineered biological systems that process information, manipulate chemicals, fabricate materials and structures,
Some, like atopic dermatitis, remain poorly understood. he ability to obtain an unlimited number of genetically identical units can be used to study a range of conditions where the skin barrier is defective due to mutations in genes involved in skin barrier formation.
3d printed biological tissue 3d printing capabilities are limited rather despite the excitement that 3-D printing has generated.
A group at Princeton university has printed a bionic ear, combining biological tissue and electronics, while a team of researchers at the University of Cambridge has printed retinal cells to form complex eye tissue.
Most recently, her group printed biological tissue interwoven with a complex network of blood vessels. To do this, the researchers had to make inks out of various types of cells
and began working with biological cells and tissues for the first time, she hoped to treat them the same way as materials composed of synthetic particles.
Printing blood vessels was an encouraging step toward artificial tissues capable of the complex biological functions found in organs.
and control of the nanobots is equivalent to a computer system. his is the first time that biological therapy has been able to match how a computer processor works,
materials scientist Jennifer Lewisand her team created a patch of tissue containing skin cells and biological structural material interwoven with blood-vessel-like structures.
A gelatin-based ink acts as extracellular matrixhe structural mix of proteins and other biological molecules that surrounds cells in the body.
then we want to harness biology to do the rest of the work, says Lewis. Via Technology Revie
Stanford Helen Blau, director of the Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell biology, studies a more banal
At a biological level, the stem cells that repair muscle damage lose their ability with age to generate new muscle fibers.
With the selection of suitable bacteria for the device helped biology-students from Delft University of Technology.
However, biologists, cooperating with designer, will help increase the lamp operating time to an acceptable level in the near future.
and University of Lund microbiologist Tobias Olofsson says in a press release. When used alive these 13 lactic acid bacteria produce the right kind of antimicrobial compounds as needed depending on the threat.
"Silk Leaf is the first man-made biological leaf, "claimed Melchiorri.""It's very light, low energy-consuming,
it's completely biological.""The potential applications for the invention are countless. Aside from producing oxygen for astronauts,
"Dr. Geoffrey Ling, director of DARPA's Biological Technologies Office, said in a statement. The program aims to provide a more sophisticated alternative to prosthetic devices such as the split-hook device invented in 1912.
"What we have done is successfully store increased information in the DNA of a living cell,"study leader Floyd Romesberg, a chemical biologist at The Scripps Research Institute in La jolla,
7 Clever Technologies Inspired By nature DNA alphabet The field of synthetic biology involves tinkering with DNA to create organisms capable of novel functions in medicine, energy and other areas.
To measure gene activity the researchers used a powerful tool known as a DNA MICROARRAY which yields a quantitative measurement of the activity of every gene in the human genome simultaneously about 20000 genes in total.
The ability to create such chromosomes is a major step for the field of synthetic biology which aims to engineer microbes to produce useful products.
and then synthesized the entire thing from scratch said study leader Jef Boeke a synthetic biologist at NYU Langone Medical center who was previously at Johns hopkins university.
This work is another remarkable example of how synthetic biology can be used to rewrite chromosome sequences at a sizable scale Venter
"I think this is really fantastic work that represents a great integration of synthetic biology and materials engineering,"said Lingchong You, an associate professor of biomedical engineering at Duke university i
Importance for biology One classical way to image smaller objects without using entangled photons is to use shorter and shorter wavelengths of light.
The Japanese scientists said their research is especially important for applications in optics and biology."
"It is a very powerful tool to investigate transparent samples such as biological tissues, and, in particular, living cells, without them being damaged by intense probe light,
as biologists and doctors are unlikely to be prepared to wait hours for an image to form. o
One of the studies'co-authors stem-cell research Yoshiki Sasai with the RIKEN Center for Developmental biology in Japan told Nature that this discovery is amazing.
The idea came from another biologist at the same facility Haruko Obokata who says it took her five years to persuade her colleagues that this technique would work.
and biological applications he said s
#$1. 7 million personal submarine lets you'fly'underwater Adventurers with deep pockets can now explore the hidden depths of the ocean,
Biologists knew that bony fish a group that includes most fish apart from cartilaginous ones such as sharks
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